PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

PLAGIAT PLAGIATMERUPAKAN MERUPAKANTINDAKAN TINDAKANTIDAK TIDAKTERPUJI TERPUJI

THE INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE PRODUCT LABELS: A STUDY OF READABILITY AND STRATEGIES APPLIED

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By: LIDYA SISTANTO Student Number: 114214003

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2015


THE INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE PRODUCT LABELS: A STUDY OF READABILITY AND STRATEGIES APPLIED

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By: LIDYA SISTANTO Student Number: 114214003

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2015

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY

I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the undergraduate thesis.

Yogyakarta, August 24, 2015

Lidya Sistanto

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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS

Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma Nama No. Mahasiswa

: Lidya Sistanto : 114214003

Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah yang berjudul:

THE INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE PRODUCT LABELS: A STUDY OF READABILITY AND STRATEGIES APPLIED Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya.

Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal 24 Agustus 2015

Yang menyatakan,

Lidya Sistanto

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Always give yourselves fully to the work, because you know that your Labor in the Lord is not in vain

~ 1 CORINTHIANS 15:58 ~

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If someone offers you an amazing opportunity and you’re not sure you can do it, SAY YES! Then learn how to do it later RICHARD BRANSON

The greatest pleasure in life is accomplishing what people said you couldn’t do UNKNOWN

Believe in yourself and all that you are. Know that there is something inside you that is greater than any obstacles CHRISTIAN D. LARSON

Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm WINSTON CHURCHILL

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This page is dedicated to…

JESUS CHRIST

My Parents and My Family

All My Friends

Faculty of Letters, English Letters Department, Sanata Dharma University

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This page is written to offer gratitude especially to JESUS CHRIST that because of His grace and His strength, I could finish this study in every step from beginning until end for these 4 years. Besides, I also thank my parents and families because of their enthusiasm and support, either verbal or financial, especially for my parents so that I could finish this study. After that, I would like to thank Pak Harris Hermansyah Setiajid, S.S., M.Hum, for being my advisor and leader. I thank him for always guiding me in every aspects of this study so that I could accomplish this undergraduate thesis at the right time. My second gratitude is expressed to my co-advisor, Dr. Bernardine Ria Lestari., M.Sc., for the good suggestions, and also all the lecturers and the staffs of English Letters Department of Sanata Dharma University who helped me a lot during finishing my study. Last but not least, my greatest gratitude goes for my partner, Yuwisson Mulyono for always cheering me up when I feel tired and upset somehow. Then, I would like to dedicate this thesis for group SPBU Cuk!!! (Siska, Puri, Dian, Jenna, Astrid, Tyut, and Oshi) who has given the experience of extraordinary friends without looking for the background we come from and without pretense although sometimes we fight and misunderstand each other. I thank them for the jokes and the togetherness in our college lives. Lidya Sistanto

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ............................................................................................................. ii APPROVAL PAGE ................................................................................................... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE .............................................................................................. iv LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ................................ v STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ......................................................................... vi MOTTO PAGE ........................................................................................................ vii DEDICATION PAGE ............................................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................ x TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... xiv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xv ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................ xvi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study............................................................................. 1 B. Problem Formulation .................................................................................. 3 C. Objective of the Study................................................................................. 3 D. Definition of Terms ..................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES A. Review of Related Studies ......................................................................... 6 B. Review of Related Theories ........................................................................ 9 1. Theory of Translation ............................................................................ 9 2. Theory of Readability ........................................................................... 9 3. Theory of Translation Strategy ........................................................... 11 C. Theoretical Framework ............................................................................. 18

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CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY A. Areas of Research ..................................................................................... 19 B. Object of the Study.................................................................................... 19 C. Method of the Study .................................................................................. 20 D. Research Procedure ................................................................................... 20 1. Types of Data ...................................................................................... 20 2. Data Collection ........................................................................................... 21 3. Population and Sample........................................................................ 23 4. Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 23

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS A. The Readability of Food and Beverage Product Labels............................ 25 1. Readable .............................................................................................. 26 2. Not Readable ....................................................................................... 38

B. Translation Strategies and Its Application on Food and Beverage Product Labels ........................................................................................................ 45 1. Addition (Structural) ........................................................................... 45 D. Transposition ............................................................................................. 46 2. Borrowing ........................................................................................... 47 a. Transliteration ............................................................................... 47 b. Naturalization ................................................................................ 48 E. Synonym ................................................................................................... 48 3. Reduction and Expansion.................................................................... 49 a. Reduction ...................................................................................... 49 b. Expansion ...................................................................................... 50 4. Addition (Semantic) ............................................................................ 50 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ................................................................................ 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................... 55

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APPENDICES ........................................................................................................... 56 APPENDIX I :Data of Imported Food and Beverage Product Labels .......... 56 APPENDIX II : Readability Questionnaire ..................................................... 58 APPENDIX III : Pictures of Imported Food and Beverage Product Labels .... 63 APPENDIX IV : Data Recapitulation of Readability ....................................... 73 APPENDIX V : Data Recapitulation of Translation Strategy ........................ 74

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Nababan’s Readability Rating Instrument .............................................. 10 Table 2. Readability’s Score Category .................................................................... 10 Table 3. Examples of Data Code .............................................................................. 22

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ABSTRACT

SISTANTO, LIDYA. The Indonesian Translation of Food and Beverage Product Labels: A Study of Readability and Strategies Applied. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters. Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2015. Translation is a process to give information from Source Language into Target Language which has the same meaning in different language by replacing, adding, or even deleting some content from the Source Language. This study focuses on the labels of food and beverage from imported products distributed in markets, including all types of food which ready to be eaten or not. This study deals with the readability of the Target Text and translation strategies used. There are two questions that are analyzed in this study. The first problem is to analyze the readability of various brands of food and beverage product labels. The application of readability of those product labels is very important in order to make the customers understand the switching texts from English into Indonesian. The second is to learn about the strategies applied in food and beverage product translations because without translation strategy, the data translations cannot be read and understood well. Hence, this study learns deeply about the readability and strategies applied in order to analyze each of the data translation of those food and beverage product labels. This study applied field research method. Out of 30 data from imported products, there are 15 food products and 15 beverage products. The analysis of those was from questionnaires which were distributed to 10 respondents from different background of college students. The main purpose for collecting the data is to learn and to analyze the readability of the translation of those products. In the final result, 23 data (11 foods and 12 beverages) were readable and 7 data (4 foods and 3 beverages) were not readable. Readable means that the text is easy to be read and understandable, while Not Readable means that those data are hard to be read and not understandable. The whole data were derived from various brands of food and beverage product labels. There are also 7 strategies from 12 strategies which applied in the process of translating those food and beverage products

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ABSTRAK

SISTANTO, LIDYA. The Indonesian Translation of Food and Beverage Product Labels: A Study of Readability and Strategies Applied. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra. Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2014. Translasi adalah sebuah proses memberi informasi dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa target yang mempunyai arti sama dalam bahasa yang berbeda dengan mengganti, menambah, atau bahkan menghilangkan beberapa konten dari bahasa sumber. Studi ini mengacu pada label instruksi yang terdapat pada berbagai macam produk makanan dan minuman impor yang dipasarkan di sejumlah pasar. Studi ini berdasarkan pada teori keterbacaan didalam pemakaian bahasa target serta strategi penerjemahan yang digunakan. Ada 2 masalah yang di teliti dalam studi ini. Rumusan masalah pertama adalah menganalisis keterbacaan dari berbagai macam merk dari label produk makanan dan minuman. Penerapan teori keterbacaan dari sejumlah label produk tersebut sangat penting agar konsumen mengerti pergantian teks dari Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa Indonesia. Rumusan masalah kedua adalah untuk mempelajari strategistrategi yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan label produk makanan dan minuman. Oleh karena itu, tanpa strategi terjemahan, data terjemahan tidak bisa terbaca dan dimengerti dengan baik. Studi ini mempelajari lebih dalam tentang teori keterbacaan dan strategi penerjemahan yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis satu persatu data terjemahan dari label produk makanan dan minuman. Penelitian ini menerapkan proses penelitian lapangan. Ada 30 data dari produk impor yang dianalisis, terdiri dari 15 produk makanan, dan 15 produk minuman. Analisis didapat dari kuesioner 10 responden yang terdiri dari mahasiswa dengan berbagai latar belakang. Tujuan utama pengumpulan data adalah untuk mempelajari dan menganalisis teori keterbacaan dari penerjemahan sejumlah produk makanan dan minuman tersebut. Pada hasil akhir, 23 data dikategorikan terbaca (11 produk makanan dan 12 produk minuman) dan 7 data dikategorikan tidak terbaca (4 produk makanan dan 3 produk minuman). Terbaca berarti bahwa data tersebut mudah dibaca dan dipahami, sementara Tidak terbaca berarti data tersebut tidak mudah dibaca dan tidak dipahami. Keseluruhan data berasal dari berbagai macam merk label produk impor makanan dan minuman. Selain itu, 7 strategi penerjemahan dari 12 strategi diterapkan dalam proses penerjemahan produk makanan dan minuman tersebut.

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study This research topic belongs to the Indonesian translation of food and beverage product labels since there are many various kinds of food and beverage products from variety brands and factories which are sold in all markets in Indonesia. Food and beverage products are widely distributed among Indonesian society through markets, or even supermarkets from middle to upper class. Products offered are addressed to all groups of children to adults. In connection with it, the language used in the food and beverage product labels also consists of two languages: English and Indonesian. English language is worldwide and sometimes becomes the daily language among the Indonesian people, food and beverage product labels use two languages to describe the types of the product because not only Indonesian people who consume, but there are also foreign tourists in Indonesia. Therefore, those products are available in both languages: English as the source language (SL) and Indonesian as the target language (TL). If it can be observed further, there are some phrases which are written directly as target language (TL) on the labels that do not fit into the original language (SL) and also do not give clear information and good translation. 1


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For example: Code 24/ST/B24

ST Soy Milk

Code 24/TT/B24

TT Minuman Kedelai

This phenomenon can be found nearly in every part in the world and have to be noticed, especially in Indonesia. Actually, the word Milk must be translated into Susu rather than Minuman, because Minuman is derived from word Drink. This phenomenon should be notedso that there will be no misunderstanding and misleading knowledge in the daily life. The relation between translation and product labels is food and beverage product labels are important in the market distribution because the instruction labels on those packages contain and emphasize the information about the kinds of the product like nutrition health, flavor, and quality. It helps readers to understand the kinds of the product that will be bought by seeing the labels of those products. Without information and translation of the labels, the consumers do not know what kinds of products which will be consumed. To sell food and beverage products, the translation of those labels must be clear and easy to read, and easy to understand. It is worth analyzing because for the translators, the ability to write well in the language, thoroughness, and research skills are essential; we cannot translate language without knowing the message of the source language (SL). The topic of this research is to find the readability of the


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translation in food and beverage product labels because it is very crucial in human daily life and to learn deeply about the strategies applied on the translation of those product labels. There are 30 data which divided into 15 food products and 15 beverage products. The amount of data is based on a filtering data in accordance with the theory of readability. The theory of readability is applied to make the translation of those products are fully-understood by the readers. Therefore, the application of readability theory of food and beverage product labels is very important in order to make the readers understand the translated-texts from English to Indonesian. The strategies are also applied when literal translation does not work properly, and to make the translation process becomes well-arranged and can be read by the readers. B. Problem Formulation 1. How is the readability in translation of Food and Beverage Product Labels? 2. What are the strategies applied in Food and Beverage Product Labels translation?

C. Objectives of the Study This study aims at observing the readability of food and beverage product labels (imported). First, the theory of readability is to find whether the


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translation of those product labels is readableor not readable by the readers by distributing the questionnaires for the students from different study programs. Second, it also aims to find the translation strategies which are applied by the translators to translate those food and beverage product labels to avoid the literal translation and to make the translation can be read, understood, and also looks natural.

D. Definition of Terms There are some terms often found in this research. In order to prevent misunderstanding and misinterpretation on certain terms, those terms will be explained first. They are Readability, Translation Strategy, Label, Food, and Beverage. Readability refers to how people can simply understand the meaning of a text (Nababan, 1999: 62). In addition, readability is to show if the texts are readable by the readers or not. It can also be described as: The texts must be fully understood by the Target Language readers. Translation Strategy refers to a translator’s way to translate a word, or a group of word, or even a full sentence if the sentence cannot be broken down into smaller units to be translated (Suryawinata, 2003: 67). It can also be defined as the process of transferring written text from one language into another language in any references which can be translated.


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Label refers to a word or phrase applied to a person, group, etc especially one that is not quite true or accurate. It can also be explained as some words or phrases that is used to describe somebody/something in a way that seems too general, unfair or not correct (Oxford 1995:658) Food refers to any substance that people or animals eat or drink, or that plants absorb, to maintain life and growth (Oxford 1995:457). Thus, food can also be defined as any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the human body. It is classified by grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts and seeds, spices and herbs, and animals. Beverage refers to any type of drink except water, for examples: milk, juice, tea, wine, beer, etc (Oxford 1995:103).


CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Review of Related Studies This chapter focuses on the study of readability and theory of translation strategy which considers the related studies and related theories which will be used in the analysis. There are three related studies which discussed. The first is Rento Ari Nugroho in his undergraduate thesis “The Translation of English Song “Shout to the Lord” into “Nyanyi dan Bersoraklah” in Bahasa Indonesia: A Study of its Accuracy, Acceptability, Readability, and Style”. The second is Chatarina Dini Dwi Astuti in her undergraduate thesis “The Translation of English Adverbial Clauses in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia: A Study on the Accuracy, Readability, and Strategies Applied”. The third is Christian Rama Yudha Prasetyo in his undergraduate thesis “The Methods in Translating Gothic Context in Poe’s “The Masque of the Red Death” into “Setan Merah”. Those related studies are chosen to compare others’ work to this research, and the related theories are used to analyze the process of the translation.

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Rento Ari Nugroho, in his undergraduate thesis, discusses about the accuracy, acceptability, readability, and style of English Song “Shout to the Lord” into “Nyanyi dan Bersoraklah” in Indonesian. Nugroho focuses on the translation in the English gospel song“Shout to the Lord”. The conclusion of the undergraduate thesis is the translation from English into Indonesian is quite good, acceptable, readable, and gave more sense to the translation work. Even though Nugroho’s undergraduate thesis also focuses on readability, it has another different focus and different object from Nugroho’s. Nugroho focused on the accuracy, acceptability, readability, and also style of an English gospel song, while this studyonly discusses on readability and another translation process, which is the theory of translation strategy. Chatharina Dwi Astuti discusses about the accuracy, readability, and strategies applied in the translation of English Adverbial Clauses in “Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret” into “Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia”. Astuti focuses on the translation of the Source Language into Target Language used in the translation process. The conclusion of this undergraduate thesis is the translation from English to Indonesian is accurate, readable, and the strategies which applied are suitable to create the translation of her study.


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Astuti’s undergraduate thesis has similar focuses in dealing with readability and strategies applied. Even it has two similar focuses; it also has another different focus. Astuti observed the accuracy, readability, and also the strategy of translation while this study only discusses the readability and strategies applied. However, the method of finding the readability is different from Astuti’s thesis. Christian Rama Yudha Prasetyo, in his graduated thesis, discusses about the readability of the Indonesian version of the gothic terms in “The Masque of the Red Death”, and it also analyzes the method applied in the most translation of gothic terms. There are five methods used in those translations of gothic terms: Exociticism, Cultural Borrowing, Calque, Communicative Translation, and Cultural Transplantation. The conclusion of this undergraduate thesis is the communicative method is readable to translate the gothic terms. The similarity between Prasetyo’s thesis and this research is the focus of the study. The focus of his research is the readability of gothic terms and methods which are applied in translating those gothic terms, while this research also analyzes the readability and methods in food and beverage product labels’ translations. The difference is the terms between Prasetyo’s thesis and this research, Prasetyo analyzed the book from Poe and this research analyzed the food and beverage product labels.


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B. Review of Related Theories 1. Theory of Translation Catford (1965:1) in “A Linguistic Theory of Translation” defines translation as an operation performed on language for a text in another. Newmark (1981:7) in his book “Approaches to Translation” states translation is a craft consisting of the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language. From those definitions, it can be concluded that translation is the process of substituting one language into another/other language. 2. Theory of Readability According to Sakri, Readability refers to the easy degree of a text to be understood (1993:135) in Nababan (1999:62). It can be summarized that readability is how easily written materials can be read and understood. Based to Nababan’s in Strategi Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan in Jurnal Linguistik Bahasa, the focus on the readability in translation needs to consider some readability indicators and the score category of readability. The relation between translation and readability: Readability is also used in translation because translating is always related to reading. Basically, in translation context, the readability is not only related to the


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readability of the target language text. This is appropriate with the reality of every translation process which always involves two languages at once. The indicator is used to assess the readability of the technical term comes from Nababan:

Table of Readability Indicator Table 1. Nababan’s Readability Rating Instrument (modified and translated) Score 1 2

Readability Indicators The TT text is easy to be read and understood, as well as providing a correct information The TT text cannot be read and understood, and also does not provide a correct information

The table above is applied to calculate the average score for measuring the terms of readability by Nababan’s Rating Instrument (modified) in the translation. Table Readability’s Score Category Table 2. Readability’s Score Category Score 1-1.5 1.6-2

Category Readable Not readable

The score category above is based on the total score in each data divided by total of the respondents. The score 1-1.5 indicates that the


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translation is readable; meanwhile the score 1.6-2 indicates that the translation is not readable. Those readability indicators and scoring system will be used to determine whether the translations process of food and beverage product labels are readable or not. 3. Theory of Translation Strategy According to Suryawinata and Hariyanto, translation strategy is a translator’s way to translate a word, or a group of word, or even a full sentence if the sentence cannot be broken down into smaller units to be translated (2003: 67). The perspective translation strategy comes from Suryawinata and Hariyanto. The translation strategy is used to arrange the translation process properly and to transfer Source Text (ST) into Target Text (TT). It is divided into two types. The first is Structural Strategy; a strategy which related with structural perspective: addition, subtraction, and transposition. The second is Semantic Strategy; a strategy which related with consideration of meaning (2003:67).

a. Structural Strategy There are 3 basic strategies related to structural problem which divided into three categories: Addition, Subtraction, and Transposition. (Suryawinata 2003:67-69)


i.

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Addition

This strategy is used to add some words in the Source Language (SL) because the SL needs some words to be accepted as a must. For example: SL:

Saya guru

TL:

I am a teacher

The word “am” and “a” must be added in order to make the Target Language (TL) can be accepted. ii.

Subtraction

Subtraction means omitting some structural elements in the Target Language (TL) For example: SL: You should go home

SL: Her husband is an engineer

TL: Kamu mesti pulang

TL: Suaminya insinyur

The structural elements of “go” and “is an” are omitted from the Target Text (TT). iii.

Transposition

In this strategy, the translators change the original structure of Source Language (SL) in the Target Language (TL) sentence to get the same


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meaning. The changes of the structure can be plural into singular, adjective phrase, or the whole sentences. For example: SL:

Musical instruments can be divided into two basic groups

TL:

Alat music bisa dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dasar

From the example above, the plural word in the Source Language (SL) into singular in the Target Language (TL). “Instruments” (plural) is changed into “alat” (singular). Similarly the word “groups” is translated into “kelompok”, not “kelompok-kelompok”. b. Semantic Strategies Semantic strategy is a translation strategies related with the meaning. Those strategies are focusing in the words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Semantics strategies are divided into 9 strategies. Those are Borrowing, Cultural Equivalent, Descriptive Equivalent, Synonym, Official Translation, Reduction and Expansion, Additional, Omission, and Modulation (Suryawinata 2003:70-76). i. Borrowing Borrowing is a translation strategy whereby the translators use a word or expression from Source Language in the Target Language. The reason of using this strategy is to show the respect through the words.


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Another reason is because there is no equivalence in the Target Language. There are two kinds of borrowing strategy. First is Transliteration: keeping the Source Language in its original form, either the sound or spelling. Second is Naturalization: by naturalization, the Source Language word’s sound and spelling are adapted into the Target Language. For example: Source Language Mall Sandal Orangutan ii.

Transliteration Mall Sandal Orangutan

Naturalization Mall Sandal Orangutan

Cultural Equivalent

In this strategy, the translators use the cultural word of SL to change the cultural word of Target Language. For example: The Indonesian words ”Jaksa Agung” is translated as “Attorney General” in English, not “Great Attorney”. iii.

Descriptive Equivalent and Componential Analysis

This strategy is used because the Source Language (SL) is related with the cultural of SL. It is expressed through description and function. This strategy is usually placed in the glossary.


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For example: The Japanese word “Samurai” is described as “Japanese aristocracy from eleventh to nineteenth century”. iv.

Synonym

This strategy is used when the translators use the more or less the same meaning for the Source Language (SL). For example: SL:

What a cute baby you’ve got!

TL:

Alangkah lucunya bayi Anda!

The word “cute” is translated into “lucu” because they are synonym. Cute is an attractive child, and Lucu is a child who is attracting people to stare at them. The relation between Cute and Lucu is an attractive child to get the other’s attention. v.

Official Translation

This strategy is usually applied in the formal translation. Therefore, the translators translate a text from another language by using a manual book “Pedoman Pengindonesiaan Nama dan Kata Asing” published by Pusat Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Depdikbud R.I.


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For example: “Read-only memory” is translated into “Memori Simpan Tetap”

vi.

Reduction and Expansion

Reduction means reducing the Source Language (SL) component. For example: The word “automobile” is translated into ”mobil”. Here, the word element (“auto”) is omitted. The expansion is the opposite of reduction. Here, the word component is expanded in the Target Language (TL). For example: The word “Whale” is translated into “Ikan Paus”. If there is no expansion in the TL, then it means Pope. vii.

Addition

In this strategy, the translator gives more information for the Target Language (TL) readers. It may come in the text, bottom of the text, or the end of the text. For example:


SL:

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The skin, which is hard and scaly, is greyish in color, thus

helping to camouflage it from predators when underwater. TL:

Kulitnya, yang keras dan bersisik, berwarna abu-abu.

Dengan

demikian,

menyesuaikan

diri

kulit

ini

dengan

membantunya keadaan

berkamuflase,

lingkungan

untuk

menyelamatkan diri dari predator, hewan pemangsa, jika berada dalam air. (Suryawinata 2003:75) viii.

Omission

Omission means deleting a word from Source Language (SL) in the Target Language (TL) text. This strategy is used when the words meaning is not really important for the development of the text. For example: SL:

“Sama dengan raden ayu ibunya,” katanya lirih

TL:

“Just like her mother,”she whispered

Here, the word “Raden Ayu” is not translated in the Target Language (TL) ix.

Modulation

Modulation is a strategy to translate the phrases, clauses, or sentences. Here, the translators use the different point of view to see the


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sentences in the Source Language (SL). This strategy is used if the literal translation of the words does not create a natural translation. For example: SL:

I broke my leg

TL:

Kakiku patah

For the example above, the translators view the translation problem from the object (Kaki), not from the subject (Saya). It becomes a must in Indonesian language. C. Theoretical Framework The definitions of translation from Catford and Newmark, the theory of Readability from Sakri, and the theory of translation strategy from Suryawinata are applied in this research as the ground topic. The purposes of this research to define what the theory of readability and the theory of strategies are. The theory of Readability from Sakri (1993:135) in Nababan (1999:62) is applied to answer the first problem formulation while the theory of translation strategy from Suryawinata (2003:70-76) are used to answer the second problem formulation.


CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

A. Areas of Research The area of this research is from text analysis and the translation especially in the target text analysis. It focuses on the analysis of the target text itself and examines the various aspects which might be the cause of translation problem. The analysis of translated texts involves the textual comparison of a translation with its original (Williams and Chesterman, 2002:6).

It deals with several

translations into the same language or different language, or even the same language. This area of research also focuses on the aspects to do this research. This research used this area of research to analyze the text translations applied in the food and beverage product labels.

B. Object of the Study The main object of this study was words and phrases in food and beverage product labels from imported products. Imported product is a good brought from the foreign country into one’s own country. Those food and beverage product labels are commonly distributed in all markets which sell many imported product brands, for example Carrefour, Circle K, Giant, Hero etc, and it also addressed into general category from teenagers to adults.

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C. Method of the Study The method taken in this study was the combination of two kinds of methods. Those were the field research aimed at collecting primary data, by distributing questionnaires for the respondents. Field research was used to find the readability of translation in food and beverage product labels through the questionnaires. The other method which was done in this research was library research. It was needed to obtain any information and theories to support the analysis in this study. Library research was used to find out the analysis of the translation strategies applied on this case of translations. The data examined in this thesis are primary data, meaning that the data were collected by the researcher.

D. Research Procedure 1. Types of Data In this study, there were two kinds of data: a. Objective Data The objective data used in this research were all the kinds of imported food and beverage product labels from various brands which distributed in all markets. The temporary data were 30 items consist of 15 food products and 15


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beverage products. Each product has a bilingual text both English and Indonesian.

b. Affective Data The affective data on this research were collected from 10 respondents of various backgrounds. All respondents are students from various study programs, such as Economics, Psychology, Engineering, and Biology.

2. Data Collection The data on this research were taken from the texts and questionnaires. The data were collected from the text in the form of words and phrases which found in various food and beverage product labels. The researcher collected the data by taking picture of the food and beverage product labels, and then comparing the English as the Source Text (ST) and Indonesian as the Target Text (TT). The main purpose for collecting the data is to learn and to analyze the readability of the translation of those products. The data were arranged in table and presented as follows: Table 3. Examples of Data Code Code 1/ST/F1

ST Whole Black Beans

Code 1/TT/F1

16/ST/B16

Original Apple & Passion Fruit

16/TT/B16

TT Kacang Hitam Dalam Saus Cabe dan Tomat Sari Buah Campuran Apel dan Markisa


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in which, 1

: Number of Data

ST

: Source Text

TT

: Target Text

F

: Food Product

B

: Beverage Product

After the data in the Source Text (ST) and the Target Text were coded, then the next step was distributing the questionnaires to the respondents. The questionnaires were given directly to the respondents to measure the readability and there were 10 respondents with different background, such as Economics, Psychology, Engineering, and Biology. The respondents gave the category for each data and then the data were analyzed used Nababan’s rating instrument with modification to measure the readability. The categories were put in the table as follows: Kode 1/TT/F1

Teks Kacang Hitam dalam Saus Cabe dan Tomat

in which, R

: Readable

NR

: Not Readable

R

NR


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3. Population and Sample The population for this study was 30 data which consists of food and beverage product labels from imported products. All the data were analyzed.

4. Data Analysis There were two steps used in order to answer and analyze the problem formulations showed in the first chapter. First, to find out the translation readability of words and phrases related to imported food and beverage product labels from source text into target text, and the data were sorted and arranged in the table. And then the data were assessed through the questionnaires by using the readability theory and score which was made based on M.R Nababan translation indicator assessment on “Strategi Kualitas Terjemahan” in Jurnal Linguistik Bahasa.

The readability was determined based on Nababan’s readability

indicator and score. Second, to find out the translation strategies applied in the translating process, the translation strategies proposed by Suryawinata were used in this study. The example of the analysis table as follows: No

Code

Data

1

7/TT/F7

Mie Instan Rasa Kimchi

Readable Score 1

Translation Strategy Transliteration


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Readability score 1 indicates that the translation is readable, and then the strategy applied is Transliteration. The translation strategy was analyzed by using Suryawinata and Hariyanto’s classification.


CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS

This chapter deals with the analysis of the readability and the translation strategies. The first part discusses the readability. The analysis of readability is done partly by distributing the questionnaires to ten respondents who have certain qualifications. They are college students who come from any departments and have the ability to understand Indonesian language well. The research assessed about 30 data. The second part discusses the translation strategies applied in the food and beverage product labels. The strategies applied to help the researcher to find how readable the translation from Source Text (ST) into Target Text (TT) is. A. The Readability of Food and Beverage Product Label The readability indicator is based on Nababan’s readability rating instrument with modification. There are two categories of readability, which are Readable (R), and Not Readable (NR). The study found that there are 23 data which are readable (R) by average score of 1-1.5 and 7 data which are not readable by average score from 1.6-2 (NR). They are also divided based on the range in each category.

25


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1. Readable (1-1.5) From 30 data, there are 23 data which are readable from 10 respondents. Furthermore, all the data are considered readable because each data is clear, understood, and easy to be read by the readers. Below are the data which are categorized as readable. Readable Score: 1 Code 7/ST/F7

ST Kimchi Ramyun Noodle Soup

Code 7/TT/F7

TT Mie Instan Rasa Kimchi

This translation is readable because the meaning is matched with Source Text (ST) and the respondents understand the message of the product. The meaning in Target Text (TT) has not changed. The word Ramyun in Indonesia means Ramen and the word Kimchi cannot be translated because it is the kind of food in Korea that does not have Indonesian equivalence. Kimchi is a traditional Korean food, one type of pickled vegetables flavored fermented spicy. Although Kimchi does not have Indonesian equivalence, most people understand what it is.

Code 15/ST/F15

ST Creamy Styled Corn

Code 15/TT/F15

TT Jagung Manis


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This translation is understood perfectly indicated by the average score 1. The phrase Jagung Manis in Indonesia means a corn which tastes sweet. The readers understand Jagung Manis well, although if we see the ST, it actually is Creamy Styled. Creamy Styled Corn is made from fresh scraped corn, butter, half-and-half, and seasonings, and it is an almost soupy version of sweet corn.

Code 25/ST/B25

ST Milkis Melon

Code 25/TT/B25

TT Minuman Soda Rasa Melon

The translation above is readable because the translation in Target Text is understood by the readers. Milkis is a beverage product which contains many traditional carbonated beverages such as corn syrup, sugar, and carbonated water with milk to create a creamy taste. The translation in the Target Text (TT) is also understood enough because the kind and the flavor of the product are also described in detail and provide the clear information.

Code 30/ST/B30

ST Original Grape and Guava

Code 30/TT/B3 0

TT Sari Buah Campuran Anggur dan Jambu


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This translation is readable because the reader can understand the meaning of Source Text (ST) completely. The phrase Sari Buah Campuran Anggur dan Jambu has an exact meaning of Original Grape and Guava. Actually its phrase can be translated into Buah Jambu dan Anggur Asli, but to emphasize what kind of the product is, then the translation becomes Sari Buah Campuran Anggur dan Jambu.

Code 2/ST/F2

ST Tom Yum Paste

Code 2/TT/F2

TT Bumbu Tom Yam (Pasta)

The average score 1.1 indicates that most respondents understand the translation, but it is not agreed by all respondent. The phrase Tom Yum Paste is translated into Bumbu Tom Yam (Pasta). The word Bumbu is added first in order to give further information to the word Pasta. Pasta is the adhesive substance that was sticky. What is meant here is the spice that is usually mixed with Spaghetti. The word Bumbu is placed first to ease the readers for understanding the translation.

Readable Score: 1.1 Code 5/ST/F5

ST Dark Soya Sauce

Code 5/TT/F5

TT Kecap Hitam


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The translation above shows that the translation is readable. Kecap Hitam comes from Dark Soya Sauce. It is categorized as readable because the content in Target Text (TT) delivered the meaning of Source Text (ST). The Target Text will be understood if it’s changed into Kecap Hitam, instead of Saus Kedelai Hitam, because in Indonesia, Kecap is more understandable. Then, the word Dark is translated into Hitam, not Gelap, because it explains the color of the soya sauce.

Code 12/ST/F12

ST Sweet and Sour Hot Bean Paste

Code 12/TT/F12

TT Saus Kedelai Rasa Manis dan Pedas

The translation above is considered as readable by the respondents. The Target Text (TT) delivers the meaning of the Source Text (ST) not too complicated. The phrase Sweet and Sour Hot Bean Paste is translated into Saus Kedelai Rasa Manis dan Pedas. The word Saus belongs to Paste. Besides, what to analyze is Sour. The word Sour does not have any translation in the TT, but the readers still understand and the translation is readable. The translation has a little bit difference from the ST, but it is still readable.

Code 17/ST/B17

ST Cranberry Juice Cocktail

Code 17/TT/B17

TT Minuman Sari Buah Cranberry


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The translation above is categorized into readable. The word Cocktail in Indonesian means Koktil, but it’s impossible to be changed into that word since it does not have meaning in Indonesian. Cocktail is an alcoholic drink consisting of a spirit or several spirits mixed with other ingredients, such as fruit juice, lemonade, or cream. So, the Target Text (TT) Minuman Sari Buah Cranberry will be proper if it’s changed into Minuman. In other hand, the word Cranberry does not have other name because it is the original name of the fruit, and cannot be changed.

Code 19/ST/B19

ST Pomegranate Juice Drink

Code 19/TT/B19

TT Minuman Rasa Buah Delima

The translation above is readable although there is word addition. The phrase Minuman Rasa Buah Delima is derived from Pomegranate Juice Drink. In Indonesian, Pomegranate is Delima, and Juice Drink here is translated into Minuman. For the word Rasa, it become an addition in the Target Text (TT) to give the information that this product is made from fruit called Pomegranate. By looking on the Target Text (TT), the readers already know that the flavor of this beverage product is Pomegranate.


Code 21/ST/B21

ST Soy Drink Chocolate Flavour

Code 21/TT/B21

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TT Minuman Kedelai Rasa Coklat

In this translation above, the phrase Soy Drink Chocolate Flavor is transferred into Minuman Kedelai Rasa Coklat is considered as Readable from the questionnaires even the translation into Target Text (TT) should be arranged first to make a better translation. Soy is Kedelai, Drink is Minuman, Chocolate is Coklat, and Flavor is Rasa. To make a good translation, it is arranged into Minuman Kedelai Rasa Coklat.

Code 27/ST/B27

ST Pomegranate Apple Splitzer

Code 27/TT/B27

TT Sari Buah Campuran (Apel-Delima dan Elderberry)

This translation is categorized as Readable from the questionnaires. It still can convey the message from Source Text (ST) into Target Text (TT). The word Splitzer doesn’t have meaning in English. The phrase Pomegranate Apple Splitzer is translated into Sari Buah Campuran (Apel-Delima dan Elderberry). The word Elderberry doesn’t exist in the Source Text (ST) because in the ST, the words which exist are Pomegranate and Apple, and there is no Elderberry. Elderberry is added in order to give further information of that beverage product.


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ST Black Bean Preserved

Code 3/TT/F3

TT Kacang Hitam Dalam Kaleng

The translation above is readable, but the Target Text (TT) is different from Source Text. There are 2 respondents from 10 respondents who did not agree with the translation in the Target Text (TT). The translation into Target Text (TT) is quite confusing and inconsistent. For example the word Preserved doesn’t exist in the Target Text (TT). However, Preserved is to keep something in its original state or in a good condition. The purpose of using the word Preserved is to emphasize the Target Text (TT) Kacang Hitam Dalam Kaleng. All the foods which are stored in a tin must be preserved, same with the related product above. That’s why Preserved is used in order to give sense of the Source Text (ST) even it doesn’t translated in Target Text (TT).

Code 4/ST/F4

ST Rice Crackers

Code 4/TT/F4

TT Krekers Beras

In the translation above, the word Crackers is translated as Krekers. The meaning of the word Rice is Beras, not Nasi. For the word Krekers, it comes from Malaysia, but Indonesian people still can understand what


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kind of the product is. Furthermore, the translation above is considered as Readable by the respondents even it has different language target in the Target Text (TT).

Code 11/ST/F11

ST Unsalted Butter

Code 11/TT/F11

TT Mentega Tawar

In the translation above, the phrase Unsalted Butter is converted into Mentega Tawar. Actually this translation is little bit excessive because no need to add the word Unsalted because all people already know that butter is unsalted. It may mean as butter which doesn’t contain fat. For the clear explanation, Mentega comes from Butter, and Tawar comes from Unsalted. Nonetheless, this translation is considered Readable by the respondents.

Code 13/ST/F13

ST Whole Kernel Corn

Code 13/TT/F13

TT Jagung Dalam Kemasan

The translation above is considered readable by the respondents although there are words which are not in accordance with the Source Text (ST). For example the word Kernel, there is no translation for that word because


34

Kernel is the edible part inside the outer shell of a nut or the stone of a fruit. The conclusion is: the readers understand, but after looking at the Source Text (ST), the meaning becomes different.

Code 26/ST/B26

ST Blueberry Pomegranate – Sparkling Lemonade

Code 26/TT/B26

TT Minuman Berkarbonasi Rasa Blueberi, Delima, dan Lemon

The translation above has a quite complicated translation both in the Source Text (ST) and Target Text (TT) because there are words which don’t fit with the Source Text (ST). The phrase Blueberry Pomegranate – Sparkling Lemonade is transferred into Minuman Berkarbonasi Rasa Blueberi, Delima, dan Lemon. However, there is no translation in word Minuman Berkarbonasi, but it comes from the word Sparkling which does not fit with that phrase. Nevertheless, the translation still considered as Readable.


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ST Cocktail Onions

Code 8/TT/F8

TT Acar Bawang

The translation above has several different words in the Source Text (ST). For example the word Cocktails does not have any translation in the Target Text (TT). Cocktail is an alcoholic drink consisting of a spirit, or several spirits, mixed with fruit juice. Meanwhile, Acar is food which contains of vinegar from slices of cucumber, carrots, onions, peppers, pineapple, jicama, or mustard leaf, commonly eaten with rice. This whole translation is incomplete because not all the words from the Source Text (ST) are transferred well even its categorized into Readable; it is still understandable for the readers.

Code 9/ST/F9

ST Curry Tuna

Code 9/TT/F9

TT Tuna Dalam Bumbu Kare

The translation above has a lot of questions if looking at the Target Text (TT), especially for the phrase Dalam Bumbu Kare. This translation raises a lot of questions for the reader but it still categorized as Readable though somewhat confusing. Which makes confusion is the whole translation in the Target Text (TT). It has a various meaning for the readers whether the Tuna itself is immersed in a curry or simply flavored with curry.


Code 16/ST/B16

ST Original Apple & Passion Fruit

Code 16/TT/B16

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TT Sari Buah Campuran Apel dan Markisa

The translation above has a word that is not necessary although its word still can be used. What is meant here is the word Campuran from the phrase Sari Buah Campuran Apel dan Markisa. The using of the word Campuran is actually not needed, but to clarify the translation further, then that additional word is inserted.

Code ST 20/ST/B20 Soy Drink With Black Sesame

Code 20/TT/B20

TT Minuman Kedelai Dengan Wijen

In the translation above, the sentence in the Target Text (TT) can be understood and considered as Readable. The meaning in the Target Text can be read by the readers well, but there is an infelicity for the phrase Minuman Kedelai. What it means by that phrase is still being questioned whether the kind of that product is milk or something, and the word Susu is more advisable. Moreover, there is no translation for the word Black in the Target Text (TT).


Code 24/ST/B24

ST Soy Milk

Code 24/TT/B24

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TT Minuman Kedelai

The translation above has a similar problem with the previous one. The sentence in the Target Text still can be read and understood, but the deeper meaning of Minuman Kedelai. The word Minuman Kedelai is very rarely used because it contains a different meaning, but it still accepted by the Indonesian people, especially by the readers.

Readable Score: 1.4 Code ST 23/ST/B23 Thai Tea Drink

Code 23/TT/B23

TT Minuman Teh Rasa Susu

The translation above is excessive and not complete. There are 4 respondents from 10 respondents who did not agree with the translation in the Target Text (TT). The phrase Minuman Teh Rasa Susu, however, can be simply made into Teh Susu, no need to add the word Minuman and Rasa. For the incomplete part, there is no explanation for the word Thai in the Target Text (TT). It should be translated, so the readers will know where the product comes from because it explains the originality of the product.


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Readable Score: 1.5 Code 22/ST/B22

ST Fat Dairy Desserts With Blueberries and Sweeteners

Code 22/TT/B22

TT Susu Fermentasi Rasa Blueberry Bebas Lemak

The translation above is too much excessive and not complete. There are 5 respondents from 10 respondents who did not agree with the translation in the Target Text (TT). The sentence Susu Fermentasi Rasa Blueberry Bebas Lemak is too long and rambling. Actually those sentences may be converted into such a short sentence, so the readers will not be lazy to read. Besides, there is no translation for the word Sweeteners in the Target Text (TT).

2. Not Readable (1.6-2) From the data recapitulation, the researcher found that there are 7 data from 30 data which are not readable based on Nababan’s readability indicator. They are calculated by the respondents’ rating. Below are the not readable data categorized by each score from 1.6-2.


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Not Readable Score: 1.6 Code 6/ST/F6

ST Canned Pork Luncheon Meat

Code 6/TT/F6

TT Luncheon Daging Babi

Datum 6/TT/F6 is considered as not readable by 6 respondents from 10 respondents. The translation is hard to understand because there is no explanation for the word Luncheon in the Target Text. Luncheon is derived from English which means a formal lunch or a formal word for lunch. Without a complete translation in the Target Text (TT), the message of the product cannot be delivered. The most possible translation for the sentence above is Daging Babi Olahan. The sentence Luncheon Daging Babi cannot give the clear information for the readers. Luncheon is not translated into Indonesian language because it is not possible to put the long explanation in the label. So, the alternative suggested translation is Daging Babi Olahan, instead of Luncheon Daging Babi.

Code 10/ST/F10

ST Princes Anchovy Fillet in Olive Oil

Code 10/TT/F10

TT Potongan Ikan Haring Dalam Minyak Zaitun

From the datum 10/TT/F10, there are 6 respondents from 10 respondents who did not agree with the translation in the Target Text (TT). The


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translation is using an unusual word in daily life, so it is somehow difficult to understand, for example the word Haring. Haring means a sea fish with a round long body; usually live in groups in the Atlantic Ocean and surrounding. Besides, the word Anchovy itself means a small fish with a strong salty flavor. Those two words are rarely heard in everyday hearing. The better translation for this sentence must be Potongan Ikan Asin Dengan Minyak Zaitun.

Code 29/ST/B29

ST Lychees in Heavy Syrup

Code 29/TT/B29

TT Buah Leci Dalam Sirup

The datum 29/TT/B29 is considered as not readable from 6 respondents of 10 respondents. The translation is hard to understand because it has a double different meaning in the Target Text (TT). The translation Buah Leci Dalam Sirup can be interpreted as Sirup Leci, or Potongan Buah Leci Dalam Sirup. It remains unclear whether that meant there is syrup which tastes lychee or lychee fruit pieces in syrup. To avoid misunderstanding for the readers, the translation should be Sirup Dengan Buah Leci, so the kind of the product can be delivered clearly.


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Not Readable Score: 1.7 Code 28/ST/B28

ST Mango Nectar

Code 28/TT/B28

TT Nektar Mangga

In the translation above, there are 7 respondents who did not agree with the translation. So it is considered as not readable. The translation is harder to understand because the meaning in the Target Text (TT) cannot be interpreted and conceived well. The word Nektar is not generally accepted as a kind of beverage because Nektar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands. It can be concluded that the translation must be Minuman Sari Buah Mangga, not Nektar Mangga.

Not Readable Score: 1.8 Code 1/ST/F1


Code 1/TT/F1

TT Kacang Hitam Dalam Saus Cabe dan Tomat

Datum 1/TT/F1 is considered as not readable by the score 1.8. The translation is almost incomprehensible because there are 8 respondents from 10 respondents who did not agree with the translation, almost all of the respondents. The readers cannot get its meaning well and clearly because the use of language in the Target Text (TT) is very excessive and


42

complex. For the example the phrase Kacang Hitam; it is not popular in Indonesia, but Kedelai Hitam is. The alternative suggested translation is Kedelai Hitam Dengan Saus Cabe dan Tomat.

Code 14/ST/F14

The

ST Whole Mushrooms in Brine

translation

above

from

Code 14/TT/F14

the

datum

TT Jamur Kancing Dalam Larutan Garam

14/TT/F14

is

almost

incomprehensible because most respondents gave score 1.8 based on the Target Text (TT). The meaning in Target Text (TT) is peculiar and not proper, for the example is the phrase Larutan Garam. It would be better if it is changed into another word because it raises the double meaning if it does not explain well. The suitable translation for the TT above is Jamur Kancing Dengan Air Garam.

Code 18/ST/B18

ST Roasted Coconut Juice

Code 18/TT/B18

TT Minuman Buah Kelapa Panggang

As the result, the translation in the Target Text above is considered as not readable by 8 respondents. The translation is very incomprehensible and


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cannot be understood according to the respondents who gave scores by 1.8. The translation in the Target Text (TT) is very absurd and ridiculous because the use of vocabulary in the phrase Kelapa Panggang; the word Panggang seems not to be needed to complete that translation because the word Panggang does not belong to Minuman. The alternative suggested translation is Minuman Air Kelapa.

As the result of the analysis, based on the score of per translation presented above, the final score of translation’s readability can be counted first by finding the average score from each respondent. Then, calculating the score per item from each respondent and divided by total data of translations which have been analyzed. Below is the result of average score:


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Readability 4% Average Score 1.0 4%

11%

18%

Average Score 1.1

4%

Average Score 1.2 22%

19%

Average Score 1.3 Average Score 1.4

18%

Average Score 1.5 Average Score 1.6 Average Score 1.7

Chart.1. Readability Average Score Based on the chart above, there are 30 data which have been analyzed. The researcher found that there are 5 data by the score 1.0, and being scored as 18%. Second, for the score 1.1, there are 6 data or 25% of the data. Third, 5 data are scored as 18% by the score. Fourth, the data with average score 1.3 are 5 data, or 18% of the data. Fifth, only there is 1 data by the score 1.4, or 4% of the data. Sixth, 1 data by the score 1.5 is inserted, or 4% of the data. Seventh, for the score 1.6, there are 3 data, or 11% of the data. Then, there is 1 data by the score 1.7, or 4% of the data. From the percentage above, it shows that overall average score of readability are categorized as readable.


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B. Translation Strategies and Its Application on Food and Beverage Product Labels This part analyzes about what strategies are applied in each food and beverage product labels. The strategies to identify the translation data which are applied in this part are coming from Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003:67-76). 1. Structural Strategy a. Addition From this strategy, the researcher found that there is only 1 translation using this strategy. The example can be seen as follows: Code 3/ST/F3

ST Black Bean Preserved

Code 3/TT/F3

TT Kacang Hitam Dalam Kaleng

R.S 1.2

T.S Addition

In which, R.S = Readability Score T.S = Translation Strategy

For the translation above, the phrase Kacang Hitam Dalam Kaleng comes from Black Bean Preserved. Addition strategy is applied because there is an addition in the Target Text (TT), especially in the structure. The word Dalam is considered to be added to fulfill the structure of target text (TT).


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If there’s no addition, the sentence will be Kacang Hitam Kaleng. This can raise a different perspective because Kacang Hitam Kaleng means black bean which made from tin (Kaleng). Thus, the addition strategy is added to avoid the wrong perspective. b. Transposition and Addition-Semantic (Mixed) There are 4 translations using this strategy to transfer the meaning from Source Text (ST) into Target Text (TT). Below is the example for this strategy: Code

ST

Code

TT

R.S

T.S

13/ST/F13

Whole Kernel Corn

13/TT/F13

Jagung Dalam Kemasan

1.2

Transposition and AdditionSemantic

In this strategy, the translator changed the position of the word and added some words in the target text (TT). The word Dalam and Kemasan are added to transpose the ST, so the meaning in the TT looks natural and arranged well. Literally, Whole Kernel Corn is translated into Seluruh Kernel Jagung. If the translator applies this kind of translation, the meaning of the sentence cannot be transferred clearly. Structurally correct, but because of the choice of words was wrong, the meaning is also incorrect although the translation is literally correct.


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2. Semantic Strategy a. Borrowing Borrowing is a translation strategy which is copying a word from source text (ST) into target text (TT). The reason of using this strategy is to respect the words from Source Text (ST). There are two kinds of this strategy: Transliteration, and Naturalization. Transliteration is keeping the word from ST into TT in original form, either its sound, or spelling. Meanwhile, Naturalization is adapting the ST’s sound or spelling into the TT. In this translation, the researcher found 4 data using the transliteration. Below is the example: i. Transliteration Code 6/ST/F6

ST Canned Pork Luncheon Meat

Code 6/TT/F6

TT Luncheon Daging Babi

R.S 1.6

T.S Transliteration

The word Luncheon is left untranslated in the target text (TT). Luncheon means a formal lunch or a formal word for lunch, but the translator just put that word in the original form, unchanged. As the result, this translation is considered as not readable, because Luncheon


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is not transferred. Due to that case, the translation above is considered as not readable by the score 1.6.

b. Synonym From 30 data, there are 6 data using this strategy. The translator uses the more or less the same meaning to translate the sentence in the Source Text (ST) into Target Text (TT). One of the examples can be seen in the table below: Code 21/ST/B21

TT Soy Drink Chocolate Flavour

Code 21/TT/B21

ST Minuman Kedelai Rasa Coklat

R.S 1.1

T.S Synonym

The translation strategy applied in the translation above is Synonym. However, it has the very same meaning and conveys the message similarly from Source Text (ST) and Target Text (TT). The sentence Soy Drink Chocolate Flavour is translated into Minuman Kedelai Rasa Coklat. The word Drink has a meaning as a liquid for drinking (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (1995:355), it is translated into Minuman in Indonesia. Therefore, this translation is considered as readable.


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c. Reduction and Expansion Reduction means reducing the word from Source Text (ST) into Target Text (TT). Meanwhile, expansion is the opposite of the reduction. There are 4 data using reduction strategy and 9 data using expansion strategy: i. Reduction Code 5/ST/F5

ST Dark Soya Sauce

Code 5/TT/F5

TT Kecap Hitam

R.S 1.1

T.S Reduction

For the translation above, the translator made a reduction for the sentence. The phrase Kecap Hitam is derived from Dark Soya Sauce. The word Sauce is reduced in order to make the sentence looks short and simple. Sauce is a liquid consisting of various ingredients that is served and eaten with food to add flavor to it (Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 1995:1043). Literally translated, the sentence in the TT is transferred into Saus Kedelai Hitam, but it is more familiar if changed into Kecap Hitam instead of Saus Kedelai Hitam to make the sentence shorten and easy to be understood.


ii. Code 9/ST/F9

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Expansion ST Curry Tuna

Code 9/TT/F9

TT Tuna Dalam Bumbu Kare

R.S 1.3

T.S Expansion

This translation deals with an expansion strategy in order to convey the whole meaning of source text (ST). The phrase Dalam Bumbu is added to enhance the meaning of Source Text (ST). Actually, there are no word translations for Dalam Bumbu, but in order to make the translation looks clear and has complete information, the translation using this strategy to ease the readers to get enough information to the product. d. Addition In this strategy, the translator gives more information for the Target Language (TL) readers. It may come in the text, bottom of the text, or the end of the text. There 2 translations using this kind of strategy. For example: Code 30/ST/B30

ST Original Grape and Guava

Code 30/TT/B30

TT Sari Buah Campuran Anggur dan Jambu

R.S 1

T.S Addition


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The data translation above applied the addition strategy. The phrase Original Grape and Guava is converted into Sari Buah Campuran Anggur dan Jambu and categorized as readable. Original Grape and Guava is explained into Sari Buah Campuran because it does not give enough information for the readers if it is translated into Anggur dan Jambu Asli, and the readers will not know what the kind of product is. Even though there are some additions in the target text (TT), it still can convey the meaning for the readers. To sum up all the data of translation strategy, then the data are put in the chart below:

Translation Strategies 7%

3%

Addition (Structural) 14% Transposition and Addition-Semantic Transliteration

30%

13%

Synonym Reduction Expansion

13%

20%

Addition (Semantic)

Chart.2. The Distribution of the Translation Strategy


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From the analysis of translation strategy in percentage form, the researcher found that out of 15 strategies, 7 strategies are applied to overcome the translations for the food and beverage product labels. Moreover, from the side of Structural Strategy, the translator uses Addition, and TranspositionAddition Semantic. There are 1 translation uses addition strategy (3%), and 4 translations use transposition and addition-semantic strategy (14%). Meanwhile, for Semantic Strategy, the research uses 5 strategies: Transliteration, Synonym, Reduction, Expansion, and Addition. For the transliteration, there are 4 translations use this strategy (13%), 6 data use synonym (20%), 4 data use reduction (13%), and 9 data use expansion (30%). The other strategy is addition which applied in 2 data (7%). As the result, the researcher mostly applied expansion strategy from semantic strategy to overcome the translation of food and beverage product labels.


CHAPTER V CONCLUSION

This study finds out that there are 30 data translations from imported food and beverage product labels which basically categorized as readable instead of not readable. There are two problem formulations which were discussed in this study. First is finding the readability of food and beverage product labels, and the second is to analyze the translation strategies applied in each of all data translation. For the first problem formulation, the researcher found 23 data which are readable and 7 data which are not readable. The score is categorized by 1-1.5 as readable, and 1.6-2 as not readable. Based on the questionnaires which distributed to 10 respondents from different background of college students, the final score of readability is 1.2 which is considered as readable: the translations can be read and understood by the respondents. For the second problem formulation, there are 7 translation strategies from 12 strategies by Suryawinata and Hariyanto (2003:67-76) which were used to analyze the data translations from food and beverage product labels. Meanwhile, the translation strategy that has been used frequently is Expansion strategy: applied in 9 data. Some data translations are considered to be translated in different strategy. The other strategies which have been applied are Addition (Structural): applied in 1 data,

53


54

Transposition and Addition-Semantic: applied in 4 data, Transliteration: applied in 4 data, Synonym: applied in 6 data, Reduction: applied in 4, and Addition (Semantic): applied in 2 data. Those translation strategies in data translations can determine the result of readability research in the first problem formulation. For the final conclusion, finally the researcher concluded that the translations of food and beverage product labels are readable. This study found that the translation strategy which is mostly applied is Expansion. It indicates that the word elements are expanded in the Source Language (SL) to make the translation can be understood clearly by the readers.


BIBLIOGRAPHY Astuti, Chatharina Dini Dwi. “The Translation of English Adverbial Clauses in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets into Harry Potter dan Kamar Rahasia: A Study on the Accuracy, Readability, and Strategies Applied”. Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University, 2010. Bell, Roger T. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. New York: Longman Inc, 1997. Catford, J.C. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press, 1965. Hornby, A.S. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. http://badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/kbbi/index.php Nababan, M.R. Strategi Penilaian Kualitas Terjemahan in Jurnal Linguistik Bahasa. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2004, pp.54-65. Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. London: Pergamon Press, Ltd, 1981. Nida, Eugene and Charles Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: United Bible Societies, 1974. Nugroho, Rento Ari. “The Translation of English Song “Shout to the Lord” into “Nyanyi dan Bersoraklah” in Bahasa Indonesia: A Study of its Accuracy, Acceptability, Readability, and Style”. Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University, 2011. Prasetyo, Christian Rama Yudha. “The Methods in Translating Gothic Context in Poe’s “The Masque of the Red Death” into “Setan Merah”. Undergraduate Thesis, Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University, 2013. Pratama, Albertus Abi Galih. “The Indonesian Translation of Tea and Juice Drinks Labels: The Study of Accuracy, Readability, and Strategies Applied”. Undergraduate Thesis, Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University, 2015. Sakri, Adjat. Bangun Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia. Bandung: Penerbit ITB, 1994. Suryawinata, Zuchridin dan Sugeng Hariyanto. Translation: Bahasa Teori dan Penuntun Praktis Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius, 2003.

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APPENDICES Appendix 1: Data of Imported Food and Beverage Product Labels Code 1/ST/F1


Code 1/TT/F1

2/ST/F2

Tom Yum Paste

2/TT/F2

3/ST/F3

Black Bean Preserved

3/TT/F3

4/ST/F4 5/ST/F5 6/ST/F6

Rice Crackers Dark Soya Sauce Canned Pork Luncheon Meat Kimchi Ramyun Noodle Soup Cocktail Onions Curry Tuna

4/TT/F4 5/TT/F5 6/TT/F6

TT Kacang Hitam Dalam Saus Cabe dan Tomat Bumbu Tom Yum (Pasta) Kacang Hitam Dalam Kaleng Krekers Beras Kecap Hitam Luncheon Daging Babi

7/TT/F7


8/TT/F8 9/TT/F9

Princes Anchovy Fillet in Olive Oil Unsalted Butter Sweet and Sour Hot Bean Paste Whole Kernel Corn Whole Mushrooms in Brine Creamy Styled Corn Original Apple & Passion Fruit Cranberry Juice Cocktail Roasted Coconut Juice

10/TT/F10

Acar Bawang Tuna Dalam Bumbu Kare Potongan Ikan Haring Dalam Minyak Zaitun Mentega Tawar Saus Kedelai Rasa Manis dan Pedas Jagung Dalam Kemasan Jamur Kancing Dalam Larutan Garam Jagung Manis Sari Buah Campuran Apel dan Markisa Minuman Sari Buah Cranberry Minuman Buah Kelapa Panggang Minuman Rasa Buah Delima Minuman Kedelai Dengan Wijen

7/ST/F7 8/ST/F8 9/ST/F9 10/ST/F10 11/ST/F11 12/ST/F12 13/ST/F13 14/ST/F14 15/ST/F15 16/ST/B16 17/ST/B17 18/ST/B18 19/ST/B19 20/ST/B20

11/TT/F11 12/TT/F12 13/TT/F13 14/TT/F14 15/TT/F15 16/TT/B16 17/TT/B17 18/TT/B18

Pomegranate Juice Drink Soy Drink With Black Sesame

19/TT/B19 20/TT/B20

56


57

Appendix 1: Data of Imported Food and Beverage Product Labels Code 21/ST/B21

Code 21/TT/B21

23/ST/B23

ST Soy Drink Chocolate Flavour Fat Dairy Desserts With Blueberries and Sweeteners Thai Tea Drink

24/ST/B24 25/ST/B25

Soy Milk Milkis Melon

24/TT/B24 25/TT/B25

26/ST/B26

Blueberry Pomegranate Sparkling Lemonade

26/TT/B26

27/ST/B27

Pomegranate Apple Spritzer

27/TT/B27

28/ST/B28 29/ST/B29

Mango Nectar Lychees in Heavy Syrup

28/TT/B28 20/TT/B29

30/ST/B30

Original Grape and Guava

30/TT/B30

22/ST/B22

22/TT/B22

23/TT/B23

TT Minuman Kedelai Rasa Coklat Susu Fermentasi Rasa Blueberry Bebas Lemak Minuman Teh Rasa Susu Minuman Kedelai Minuman Soda Rasa Melon Minuman Berkarbonasi Rasa Blueberi, Delima, & Lemon Sari Buah Campuran (Apel-Delima dan Elderberry) Nektar Mangga Buah Leci Dalam Sirup Sari Buah Campuran Anggur dan Jambu


58

Appendix 2: Readability Questionnaire KUESIONER KETERBACAAN Kepada responden yang terhormat, terima kasih atas kesediaan Anda untuk mengisi kuesioner ini. Saya: Lidya Sistanto - NIM: 114214003 - Sastra Inggris - Universitas Sanata Dharma, memohon bantuan untuk mengisi kuesioner ini sebagai data dalam penyusunan skripsi saya. Kuesioner ini diperuntukkan bagi responden yang memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut: o Usia 18-25 tahun o Mahasiswa o Warga Indonesia o Memahami bahasa Indonesia dengan baik dan benar Nama lengkap (boleh dikosongkan) Usia Universitas Fakultas / Program Studi

: : : :

Berikut adalah indikator untuk menilai apakah terjemahan dari label produk makanan dan minuman impor tersebut bisa dipahami dengan mudah atau tidak. Terjemahan dinilai dengan system simbol dengan indikator sebagi berikut: Simbol R

NR

Indikator Terjemahan dari label produk makanan dan minuman tersebut dapat terbaca dan dipahami dengan baik, serta memberi informasi secara benar. Terjemahan dari label produk makanan dan minuman tersebut TIDAK dapat dipahami karena menimbulkan ambiguitas ( makna ganda ), serta memberi informasi yang salah.

Tabel di bawah adalah sejumlah terjemahan bahasa Indonesia dari produk makanan dan minuman impor yang biasa ditemui di supermarket, dan digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian dalam penyusunan skripsi ini Teks yang dicantumkan dalam kuisioner ini merupakan teks sasaran (Tsa) yang merupakan terjemahan bahasa Indonesia dari teks sumber (TSu).


59

Appendix 2: Readability Questionnaire Cara Penilaian: Mohon beri tanda √ pada kolom simbol yang anda pilih. Anda hanya boleh memilih satu simbol pada tiap terjemahan label yang ada di dalam daftar. Mohon pastikan anda sudah memahami indikator dari setiap simbol dan membaca keterangan di atas sebelum mengerjakan kuisioner ini. Pengerjaaan kuesioner ini terbagi dalam 2 tahap. Untuk (*catatan) sendiri, boleh diisi boleh tidak karena hanya sebagai pendapat dari responden saja.

Kode 1/TT/F1

Terjemahan Kacang Hitam Dalam Saus Cabe dan Tomat Catatan:

2/TT/F2

Bumbu Tom Yum (Pasta) Catatan:

3/TT/F3

Kacang Hitam Dalam Kaleng Catatan:

4/TT/F4

Krekers Beras Catatan:

5/TT/F5

Kecap Hitam Catatan:

6/TT/F6

Luncheon Daging Babi Catatan:

7/TT/F7

Mie Instan Rasa Kimchi Catatan:

R

NR


60

Appendix 2: Readability Questionnaire Kode 8/TT/F8

Terjemahan Acar Bawang Catatan:

9/TT/F9

Tuna Dalam Bumbu Kare Catatan:

10/TT/F10

Potongan Ikan Haring Dalam Minyak Zaitun Catatan:

11/TT/F11

Mentega Tawar Catatan:

12/TT/F12

Saus Kedelai Rasa Manis dan Pedas Catatan:

13/TT/F13

Jagung Dalam Kemasan Catatan:

14/TT/F14

Jamur Kancing Dalam Larutan Garam Catatan:

15/TT/F15

Jagung Manis Catatan:

16/TT/B16

Sari Buah Campuran Apel dan Markisa Catatan:

R

NR


61

Appendix 2: Readability Questionnaire Kode

Terjemahan

17/TT/B17

Minuman Sari Buah Cranberry Catatan:

18/TT/B18

Minuman Buah Kelapa Panggang Catatan:

19/TT/B19

Minuman Rasa Buah Delima Catatan:

20/TT/B20

Minuman Kedelai Dengan Wijen Catatan:

21/TT/B21

Minuman Kedelai Rasa Coklat Catatan:

22/TT/B22

Susu Fermentasi Rasa Blueberry Bebas Lemak Catatan:

23/TT/B23

Minuman Teh Rasa Susu Catatan:

24/TT/B24

Minuman Kedelai Catatan:

25/TT/B25

Minuman Soda Rasa Melon Catatan:

R

NR


62

Appendix 2: Readability Questionnaire Kode 26/TT/B26

Terjemahan Minuman Berkarbonasi Rasa Blueberi, Delima, & Lemon Catatan:

27/TT/B27

Sari Buah Campuran (Apel-Delima dan Elderberry) Catatan:

28/TT/B28

Nektar Mangga Catatan:

29/TT/B29

Buah Leci Dalam Sirup Catatan:

30/TT/B30

Sari Buah Campuran Anggur dan Jambu Catatan:

R

NR


Appendix 3: Pictures of Imported Food and Beverage Product Labels

1/ST/F1

1/TT/F1

2/TT/F2 2/ST/F2

3/ST/F3

3/TT/F3

63


4/ST/F4

4/TT/F4

5/ST/F5

5/TT/F5

6/ST/F6

6/TT/F6

64


7/ST/F7

7/TT/F7

8/ST/F8

8/TT/F8

9/ST/F9

9/TT/F9

65


11/ST/F11

11/TT/F11

12/ST/F12

12/TT/F12

13/ST/F13

13/TT/F13

66


14/ST/F14

14/TT/F14

15/ST/F15

15/TT/F15

16/ST/B16

16/TT/B16

67


17/ST/B17

17/TT/B17

18/ST/B18

18/TT/B18

19/ST/B19

19/TT/B19

68


20/ST/B20

20/TT/B20

21/ST/B21

21/TT/B21

22/ST/B22

22/TT/B22

69


23/ST/B23

24/ST/B24

25/ST/B25

23/TT/B23

24/TT/B24

25/TT/B25

70


26/ST/B26

26/TT/B26

27/ST/B27

27/TT/B27

28/ST/B28

28/TT/B28

71


29/ST/B29

29/TT/B29

30/ST/B30

30/TT/B30

72


73

Appendix 4: Data Recapitulation of Readability No. Data

R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

R6

R7

R8

R9

R10

∑

Avr (∑/10)

Ctg

1/TT/F1 2/TT/F2 3/TT/F3 4/TT/F4 5/TT/F5 6/TT/F6 7/TT/F7 8/TT/F8 9/TT/F9 10/TT/F10 11/TT/F11 12/TT/F12 13/TT/F13 14/TT/F14 15/TT/F15 16/TT/B16 17/TT/B17 18/TT/B18 19/TT/B19 20/TT/B20 21/TT/B21 22/TT/B22 23/TT/B23 24/TT/B24 25/TT/B25 26/TT/B26 27/TT/B27 28/TT/B28 29/TT/B29 30/TT/B30 Respondent s’ Level of Understand ing (∑/30)

2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1

1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1

2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1

2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1

2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1

18 10 12 12 11 16 10 13 13 16 12 11 12 18 10 13 11 18 11 13 11 15 14 13 10 12 11 17 16 10

1.8 1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.6 1 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.8 1 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 1 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.6 1

NR R R R R NR R R R NR R R R NR R R R NR R R R R R R R R R NR NR R

1.36

1.3

1.23

1.26

1.33

1.16

1.2

1.46

1.3

1.3

1.19


74

Appendix 5: Data Recapitulation of Translation Strategy Code

ST

Code

TT

1/ST/F1

Whole Black Beans

1/TT/F1

2/ST/F2

Tom Yum Paste Black Bean Preserved Rice Crackers Dark Soya Sauce Canned Pork Luncheon Meat Kimchi Ramyun Noodle Soup Cocktail Onions Curry Tuna

2/TT/F2

Kacang Hitam Dalam Saus Cabe dan Tomat Bumbu Tom Yum (Pasta) Kacang Hitam Dalam Kaleng Krekers Beras Kecap Hitam

Princes Anchovy Fillet in Olive Oil Unsalted Butter Sweet and Sour Hot Bean Paste Whole Kernel Corn

10/TT/F10

Whole Mushrooms in Brine Creamy Styled Corn

14/TT/F14

3/ST/F3 4/ST/F4 5/ST/F5 6/ST/F6

7/ST/F7

8/ST/F8 9/ST/F9 10/ST/F10

11/ST/F11 12/ST/F12

13/ST/F13

14/ST/F14

15/ST/F15

3/TT/F3 4/TT/F4 5/TT/F5

Readability Score 1.8

Translation Strategy Transposition and AdditionSemantic

1.1

Transliteration

1.2 1.2 1.1

Addition (Structural) Synonym Reduction

6/TT/F6

Luncheon Daging Babi

1.6

Transliteration

7/TT/F7


1

Naturalization

8/TT/F8

Acar Bawang

1.3

Synonym

9/TT/F9

Tuna Dalam Bumbu Kare Potongan Ikan Haring Dalam Minyak Zaitun Mentega Tawar

1.3

Expansion

1.6

Synonym

1.2

Synonym

Saus Kedelai Rasa Manis dan Pedas Jagung Dalam Kemasan

1.1

Reduction

1.2

Jamur Kancing Dalam Larutan Garam Jagung Manis

1.8

Transposition and AdditionSemantic Expansion

1

Reduction

11/TT/F11 12/TT/F12

13/TT/F13

15/TT/F15


75


ST

Code

TT

16/ST/B16

Original Apple & Passion Fruit

16/TT/B16

17/ST/B17

Cranberry Juice Cocktail

17/TT/B17

18/ST/B18

Roasted Coconut Juice

18/TT/B18

19/ST/B19

19/TT/B19

23/ST/B23

Pomegranate Juice Drink Soy Drink With Black Sesame Soy Drink Chocolate Flavour Fat Dairy Desserts With Blueberries and Sweeteners Thai Tea Drink

Sari Buah Campuran Apel dan Markisa Minuman Sari Buah Cranberry Minuman Buah Kelapa Panggang Minuman Rasa Buah Delima Minuman Kedelai Dengan Wijen Minuman Kedelai Rasa Coklat Susu Fermentasi Rasa Blueberry Bebas Lemak

24/ST/B24

Soy Milk

24/TT/B24

25/ST/B25

Milkis Melon

25/TT/B25

26/ST/B26

Blueberry Pomegranate Sparkling Lemonade

26/TT/B26

20/ST/B20

21/ST/B21

22/ST/B22

20/TT/B20

21/TT/B21

22/TT/B22

23/TT/B23


Translation Strategy Addition (Semantic)

1.1

Transliteration

1.8

Expansion

1.1

Expansion

1.3

Reduction

1.1

Synonym

1.5

Transposition and AdditionSemantic

Minuman Teh Rasa Susu Minuman Kedelai Minuman Soda Rasa Melon

1.4

Expansion

1.3

Expansion

1

Expansion

Minuman Berkarbonasi Rasa Blueberi, Delima, & Lemon

1.2

Expansion


76


ST

Code

TT

27/ST/B27

Pomegranate Apple Spritzer

27/TT/B27

28/ST/B28 29/ST/B29

Mango Nectar Lychees in Heavy Syrup Original Grape and Guava

28/TT/B28 20/TT/B29

Sari Buah Campuran (Apel-Delima dan Elderberry) Nektar Mangga Buah Leci Dalam Sirup Sari Buah Campuran Anggur dan Jambu

30/ST/B30

30/TT/B30


Translation Strategy Transposition and AdditionSemantic

1.7 1.6

Synonym Expansion

1

Addition (Semantic)

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