Longtransplantatie bij COPD Drs. Diana van Kessel, longarts Heleen Froon, diëtist
8 oktober 2012
historie 1963 1986 1989 1990 1992
eerste longtransplantatie bij de mens Toronto lung transplant group eerste enkelzijdige longtransplantatie in Ned eerste dubbelzijdige longtransplantatie in Ned stop longtransplantatie St. Antonius Ziekenhuis begin UMCG 1993 start ontwikkelingsgeneeskunde 1997 longtransplantatie in ziekenfondspakket 2001 2e centrum voor longtransplantatie aan HLCU en EMCR
St. Antonius Ziekenhuis: de eerste procedure
fasen • aanmelding • • • •
wachtlijst screening transplantatie posttransplantatie
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTATION Major Indications By Year (Number)
2250
Number of Transplants
2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250
CF
70IPF
COPD
Alpha-1
IPAH
Re-Tx
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Myopathy
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
ISHLT
Transplant Year
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 2003 2004 2005
2006 2007 2008
NUMBER OF LUNG TRANSPLANTS REPORTED BY YEAR AND PROCEDURE TYPE 3000
Bilateral/Double Lung Single Lung
2500 2250 2000 1500 1250
921
1000
704
750 419
500 0
2071 18821932
1693 1629 145214621490 1357 1336 1223 1088
1750
250
2448 2384
5
7
36 78
190
19 8 19 5 86 19 87 19 88 19 89 19 90 19 9 19 1 9 19 2 9 19 3 94 19 9 19 5 9 19 6 9 19 7 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 0 20 3 0 20 4 0 20 5 06 20 0 20 7 08
Number of Transplants
2750
2769 2716
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
NOTE: This figure includes only the lung transplants that are reported to the ISHLT Transplant Registry. As such, this should not be construed as representing changes in the number of lung transplants performed worldwide.
timing verwijzing • 50% kans levensverwachting 2-3 jaar overweeg: • survival per ziektebeeld • lengte wachtlijst • opnames/ IC • zuurstofafhankelijkheid • gewichtsverlies • bloedgroep • IC-opname • snelheid progressie Orens et al, J Heat Lung Transplant 2006;25:745-755
longemfyseem verwijzing: • BODE index > 5 transplantatie: • BODE-index 7-10 • opname ivm exacerbatie met hypercapnie (PaCO2 ≥ 7.4 kPa) • pulmonale hypertensie en/of cor pulmonale ondanks zuurstof • FEV1< 20 % /DLCO< 20 % of homogene distributie bulleuze afwijkingen Orens et al, J Heart Lung Transplant 2006;25:745-755
BODE index Table 2. Variables and Point Values Used for the Computation of the Body Mass Index, Degree of Airflow Obstruction and Dyspnea, and Exercise Capacity (BODE) Index.*
Variable
Points on BODE Index
0
1
2
3
FEV1 (% of predicted) †
65
50-64
36-49
35
Distance walked in 6 min (m)
350
250-349
150-249
149
MMRC dyspnea scale †
0-1
2
3
4
Body-mass Index
>21
21
Celli et al. N Engl J Med 2004;2059-73
BODE-index quartile:
1 = 0-2 2 = 3-4 3 = 4-6 4 = 7-10
Celli et al. N Engl J Med 2004;2059-73
contra-indicaties: absoluut • maligniteit in de laatste 2 jaar • 5-jaar ziektevrij interval • onbehandelbare dysfunctie ander orgaansysteem (hart, lever,nier) • onbehandelbare extrapulmonale infectie • gedeformeerde borstkas • therapie-ontrouw • onbehandelbare psychiatrische aandoening • geen sociale ondersteuning • verslaving laatste 6 maanden Orens et al, J Heat Lung Transplant 2006;25:745-755
contra-indicaties: relatief • • • • • •
ouder dan 65 jaar klinisch instabiel: beademing/shock kolonisatie zeer resistente micro-organismen BMI>30 symptomatische osteoporose aandoeningen zonder irreversibele beschadiging: diabetes mellitus, coronarialijden na CABG/PTCA
Orens et al, J Heat Lung Transplant 2006;25:745-755
fasen •
aanmelding
• screening • • •
wachtlijst transplantatie posttransplantatie
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 November 1; 180(9): 887–895. Published online 2009 July 16. doi: 10.1164/rccm.2009030425OC
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 November 1; 180(9): 887–895. Published online 2009 July 16. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200903-0425OC
Continuous relationships of body mass index and the risk of death (A) at 1 year and (B) at 5 years conditional on 1-year survival after lung transplantation.
Thick dotted lines = smoothed regression lines adjusted for the model 4 covariates listed in the footnote to Thin solid lines = 95% confidence intervals. In (A), both nonlinear (P = 0.02) and linear (P = 0.02) relationships were statistically significant. In (B), the nonlinear (P = 0.04), but not the linear (P = 0.35), relationship was statistically significant. The significant P values for the smoothed (nonlinear) curves suggest that the relationship between body mass index and the risk of death after lung transplantation is nonlinear, with higher early and late mortality rates for both underweight and obese recipients. The wide confidence intervals at the extremes of body mass index are due to smaller numbers of transplant recipients with these value Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 November 1; 180(9): 887–895. Published online 2009 July 16. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200903-0425OC
Multivariable-adjusted survival curves for underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese lung transplant recipients.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 November 1; 180(9): 887–895. Published online 2009 July 16. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200903-0425OC
Primary graft dysfunction • defined as the occurrence of acute lung injury (ALI) in the allograft within • 72 hours of transplantation • leading cause of death early after lung • transplantation risk factor for chronic allograft rejection • due to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the allograft, systemic inflammation plays a critical role
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 131, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 73-80
Continuous association between body mass index and grade 3 primary graft dysfunction adjusted for diagnosis, cardiopulmonary bypass, and transplant procedure type.
Dark dotted line =effect estimate. Thin lines = 95% confidence bands. The p-value is for the association between body mass index and PGD. Obesity and Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation: The LTOG Obesity Study. Lederer DJ, Kawut SM, Wickersham N, Winterbottom C, Bhorade S, Palmer SM, Lee J, Diamond JM, Wille KM, Weinacker A, Lama VN, Crespo M, Orens JB, Sonett JR, Arcasoy SM, Ware LB, Christie JD; for the Lung Transplant Outcomes Group Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jul
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTATION: Indications for Single Lung Transplants (Transplants: January 1995 - June 2009) Alpha-1
COPD
CF
IPF
IPAH
Re-Tx
Other*
31% 1% 2%
3%
*Other includes:
9%
6% 48%
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
Sarcoidosis:
2.0%
Bronchiectasis:
0.4%
Congenital Heart Disease:
0.3%
LAM:
0.9%
OB (non-ReTx):
0.5%
Miscellaneous:
5.3%
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTATION: Indications for Bilateral/Double Lung Transplants (Transplants: January 1995 - June 2009) Alpha-1
COPD 16%
CF 5%
IPF
IPAH
Other*
2%
17%
26%
7%
26%
ISHLT
Re-Tx
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
*Other includes:
Sarcoidosis:
3.0%
Bronchiectasis:
4.4%
Congenital Heart Disease:
1.3%
LAM:
1.2%
OB (non-ReTx):
1.2%
Miscellaneous:
5.8%
Number
longtransplantatie longtransplantaties in nederland 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Total
68 65 62 55
53 50
52 45
45
41 32 25 20
18
20
20 17
14 8
16
15
10
5 2
1989 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Year
longtransplantatie 70 65
Bilateral Single
60
60 56
Number
55 50
49 46
45
41
41
40
34
35 30
27
25 20 15 10 5 0
18
2
15
2
14
2
2
2
3
14 7
1
2
3
20
18
12
9
7
6
28 25
18
17
12
11 2 3
18
33
13 7
7
7
3
4
5
14
13 5
3
1989 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 1
Year
2
12
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
Kaplan-Meier Survival by Era
(Transplants: January 1988 – June 2008)
100 1988-1994 1995-1999 2000-6/2008
Survival (%)
75
(N=4,318) (N=6,558) (N=17,227)
Survival comparisons by era 1988-94 vs. 1995-99: p = 0.0002 1988-94: vs. 2000-6/08: p <0.0001 1995-99 vs. 2000-6/08: p <0.0001
50
N at risk = 129 N at risk = 406
25
1988-1994: 1/2-life = 4.0 Years; Conditional 1/2-life = 7.0 Years 1995-1999: 1/2-life = 4.6 Years; Conditional 1/2-life = 7.3 Years 2000-6/2008: 1/2-life = 5.7 Years; Conditional 1/2-life = 7.9 Years
N at risk = 577
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Years
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
7
8
9
10
11
12
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
Kaplan-Meier Survival by Gender (Transplants: January 1990 – June 2008) 100 Male (N=14,799)
Survival (%)
75
Female (N=13,050)
50 p = 0.0003
N at risk at 10 years=928
25
N at risk = 154
N at risk at 10 years=910
HALF-LIFE Male: 5.0 years;
N at risk = 127
Female: 5.4 Years
0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Years
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
Kaplan-Meier Survival by Age Group (Transplants: January 1990 – June 2008) 100 HALF-LIFE 18-34: 5.9 Years; 35-49: 6.3 Years; 50-59: 5.1 Years; 60-65: 4.3 Years; 66+: 3.3 Years
Survival (%)
75
Survival comparisons All p-values significant at p < 0.0001 except 18-34 vs. 35-49: p =0.4955; 60-65 vs. 66+: p = 0.0001
50 18-34 (N = 4,819) 35-49 (N = 7,127) 50-59 (N = 10,069) 60-65 (N = 4,929) 66+ (N = 907)
25
0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Years
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
7
8
9
10
11
12
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
Kaplan-Meier Survival By Diagnosis 100
Alpha-1 (N=2,187) IPF (N=5,459)
Survival (%)
75
(Transplants: January 1990 – June 2008)
CF (N=4,144) IPAH (N=1,123)
COPD (N=9,616) Sarcoidosis (N=660)
HALF-LIFE Alpha-1: 6.1 Years; CF: 7.1 Years; COPD: 5.2 Years; IPF: 4.3 Years; IPAH: 4.9 Years; Sarcoidosis: 5.1 Years
50 Survival comparisons All comparisons with Alpha-1 and CF are statistically significant at 0.01
25
IPAH vs. IPF: p = 0.0210 COPD vs. IPF: p < 0.0001
0 0
1
2
ISHLT
3
4
5
6
7
Years
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
8
9
10
11
12
13
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTATION Kaplan-Meier Survival by Procedure Type (Transplants: January 1990 – June 2008)
Diagnosis: Emphysema/COPD
100 P < 0.0001
Survival (%)
75 N at risk at 5 years = 878
50
N=51
N at risk at 5 years = 1,970
25 COPD/Single lung (N=5,959) N=115
COPD/Double lung (N=3,653)
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Years
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
8
9
10
11
12
13
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTATION
Kaplan-Meier Survival by Procedure Type and Age (Transplants: January 1990 – June 2008)
Diagnosis: Emphysema/COPD
100 P < 0.0001
Survival (%)
75
50 N=22 N=29
25
<50/Single lung (N=724)
<50/Double lung (N=823)
50+/Single lung (N=5,235)
50+/Double lung (N=2,830)
N=34 N=81
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Years
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
8
9
10
11
12
13
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS
(1/1996-6/2008)
Relative Risk of 1 Year Mortality
Risk Factors for 1 Year Mortality Recipient Age
2
1,5
1
0,5
p < 0.0001 0 25
30
35
40
45
50
Recipient Age
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
55
60
65
LONGTRANSPLANTATIE
(no value)
LAS calculator •Date of birth dd-mm-yyyy •Height cm •Weight kg •Lung Diagnosis Code •Assistance level •Diabetes •Assisted Ventilation •Supplemental Oxygen •Amount of oxygen •FVC predicted % •Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure mmHg •Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure mmHg •Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Mean mmHg •Current PCO2 mmHg •Highest PCO2 mmHg •Lowest PCO2 mmHg •→ Change in PCO2 % •Six minute walk distance m •Serum Creatinine mg/ dl
19 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 2099 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
wachtlijst versus longtransplantatie 250
200
150
100
50
0
toekomst donoren • • • • • •
non-heart beating donoren levende familie-donoren niet meer boven de zestig? “behandeling” donoren meer marginale donoren nieuw donorsysteem, meer donoren?
toekomst • betere bewaartechnieken donorlong UMCG • meer enkelzijdig? • kunstlong? • xenotransplantatie • stamcel
toekomst na de transplantatie • betere medicijnen tegen afstoting,minder bijwerkingen • snellere diagnose afstoting • ontwikkeling medicatie voor “tolerantie”
toekomst onderzoek chronische afstoting • • • •
voorspelbaar? verfijning diagnostiek/ soorten? waarom bij wie en wanneer? op zoek naar “biomarkers” die vroeg detecteren
Voeding rondom LOTX Wat is de rol van de diëtist in het transplantatieteam
43
•
Screening
•
Wachtlijst
•
Transplantatie
•
Na de transplantatie
Screening Tijdens opname in ziekenhuis (2 weken) Doel:
beoordelen voedingstoestand
•
Patiënten in kaart brengen
•
Knelpunten opsporen
Wanneer is de operatie??
44
Screening Antropometrie • Gewicht, BMI Contra-indicatie: •
BMI < 17 BMI > 30
Gewichtsverloop, VVM-index
Beoordeling voedselinname • inname voedingsstoffen versus behoefte • Gebruik aanvullende voedingssupplementen • Voedingsgerelateerde klachten Algemeen • Dieetgeschiedenis • Bekend bij dietist • Dieet na LOTX 45
Screening
46
•
Gegevens verzamelen
•
Conclusie, enige harde eis : BMI
•
Indien verdere dieetbegeleiding nodig is: samen met patient kijken waar dit kan plaatsvinden
Screening Grootste knelpunt Gewicht BMI> 30
47
•
Zeer gemotiveerde/gedreven groep
•
Gewicht beïnvloedbaar
•
Weinig mobiliseren
•
Jojo-effect
Wachtlijst Poliklinisch/1e lijn/eigen ziekenhuis
48
•
BMI
•
Optimaliseren of behouden van de voedingstoestand
•
Inname van voldoende energie en eiwit voor behoud of verbetering van de vetvrije massa
•
Streven naar optimale training samen met juiste dieetadvies
Transplantatie Tijdens opname
49
•
Evalueren en optimaliseren van de benodige voedselinname
•
Afstemming voedings- en trainingsadviezen voor optimaliseren van de voedingstoestand
•
Uitleg over hygienische voedingsrichtlijnen ter voorkoming voedselinfectie bij verminderde weerstand
Na transplantatie Poliklinisch 1e jaar na LOTX: 4 x naar dietist
Daarna 1-2 keer per jaar Zo nodig vaker
50
•
Vragen m.b.t hygiënische voedingsrichtlijnen
•
Herstel en behoud van een gezond gewicht
•
Dieetbegeleiding bij complicaties (DM, overgewicht, nierfunctiestoornissen)
Hygienische voedingsrichtlijnen Nodig ivm gebruik immuunsuppresiva (Prograft, Cellcept) Adviezen m.b.t •
Inkoop
•
Bereiding
•
Bewaren
Vanaf nu altijd deze richtlijnen
51
Hygiënische voedingsrichtlijnen Nieuwe richtlijnen sinds november 2011 i.s.m UMCU en Erasmus MC. Waarom nieuwe richtlijnen?
Behoefte aan landelijke richtlijn, eenduidige informatie voor de patiënt Nieuwe inzichten in hygiene romdom voeding icm Voedingscentrum, Medisch microbiologen en RIVM Lastig door: verschil in inzichten/ “ontbreken evidence”
Wat mag niet/niet toegestaan? rauwe (ongepasteuriseerde) melk en rauwmelkse kazen probiotica zoals in oa. Vifit, Yakult en Actimel Rauw vlees en vleeswaren zoals fricandeau, ossenworst
Rauwe vis zoals in sushi Rauwe schaal- en schelpdieren zoals oesters Zachtgekookt of rauw ei
Warm gehouden vlees, vis, kip- en rijstproducten (> 1 uur) Niet zelf peper strooien Noten zelf pellen en/of onverhit consumeren
Voorverpakte koudgerookte vis zoals zalm, paling en makreel
53
Wat mag wel/is toegestaan? Schaal- en schelpdieren indien gekookt/gebakken Haring (dagvers!)
Geitenkaas, schimmelkaas en buitenlandse kaassoorten mits gepasteuriseerd (bijvoorbeeld Brie,Gorgonzola, Boursin) Milkshake, soft- en schepijs uit ijskraam of restaurant
Snacks/Maaltijden uit afhaal- of bezorgrestaurants mits korter dan 1 uur warmgehouden Rauwe (kiem)groente mits goed gewassen
Hygienische voedingsrichtlijnen
Immuunsuppresieva worden rest van het leven gebruikt = Rest van het leven slechte weerstand
= Rest van het deze voedingsrichtlijnen
55
Film •
56
De patient aan het woord…..
Vragen?
TABLE 1. Definitions of primary graft dysfunction grade
Definitions of primary graft dysfunction grade
Grade 0 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Time points Worst grade
ISHLT PGD definition
Modified ISHLT PGD definition
P/F ratio >300 CXR clear P/F ratio >300 CXR infiltrate P/F ratio 200-300 P/F ratio <200 T0, T12, T24, T48, T72 T(0-48) T(0-72)T(0-48)
NA P/F ratio >300 P/F ratio 200-300 P/F ratio <200 T0, T12, T24, T48
ISHLT, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; PGD, primary graft dysfunction; P/F, partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inhaled oxygen concentration ratio; CXR, chest radiograph; NA, not applicable
Long-term survival stratified by modified primary graft dysfunction grade.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 131, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 73-80
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS Risk Factors for 5 Year Mortality
(1996-6/2004)
N
Relative Risk
P-value
95% Confidence Interval
Donor history of diabetes
214
1.32
0.0037
1.09 - 1.58
Donor cause of death = anoxia
406
0.77
0.0015
0.65 - 0.90
IV inotropes
54
2.02
<0.0001
1.45 - 2.83
Recipient on dialysis
22
1.81
0.0166
1.11 - 2.93
Prior sternotomy
348
1.27
0.0013
1.10 - 1.47
Hospitalized (including ICU)
548
1.25
0.0018
1.09 - 1.44
Recipient history of diabetes
605
1.21
0.0023
1.07 - 1.37
3,548
1.10
0.0091
1.02 - 1.18
DONOR CHARACTERISTICS
RECIPIENT CHARACTERISTICS
Chronic steroid use
(N=7,609)
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS
Relative Risk of 5 Year Mortality
Risk Factors for 5 Year Mortality Recipient Age
(1/1996-6/2004)
2
1,5
1
0,5
p < 0.0001
0 20
25
30
35
40
45
Recipient Age
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
50
55
60
65
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS
Relative Risk of 5 Year Mortality
Risk Factors for 5 Year Mortality Donor Age
(1/1996-6/2004)
2
1,5
1
0,5
p = 0.0063 0 15
20
25
30
35
Donor Age
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
40
45
50
55
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS Risk Factors for 5 Year Mortality
(1/1996-6/2004)
Continuous Factors (see figures) Recipient age
Recipient oxygen required at rest
Transplant center volume
Donor age
Cardiac output
Recipient FEV1 % predicted
Bilirubin
Recipient height (borderline)
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS Risk Factors for 5 Year Mortality Conditional on Survival to 1 Year
(1/1996-6/2004)
Continuous Factors (see figures) Recipient age
Height difference
Transplant center volume
Donor age (borderline)
Cardiac output (borderline)
Recipient Height (borderline)
Recipient FEV1 % predicted (borderline)
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS Risk Factors for 5 Year Mortality
(1996-6/2004)
N
Relative Risk
P-value
95% Confidence Interval
Donor history of diabetes
214
1.32
0.0037
1.09 - 1.58
Donor cause of death = anoxia
406
0.77
0.0015
0.65 - 0.90
IV inotropes
54
2.02
<0.0001
1.45 - 2.83
Recipient on dialysis
22
1.81
0.0166
1.11 - 2.93
Prior sternotomy
348
1.27
0.0013
1.10 - 1.47
Hospitalized (including ICU)
548
1.25
0.0018
1.09 - 1.44
Recipient history of diabetes
605
1.21
0.0023
1.07 - 1.37
3,548
1.10
0.0091
1.02 - 1.18
DONOR CHARACTERISTICS
RECIPIENT CHARACTERISTICS
Chronic steroid use
(N=7,609)
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS
Relative Risk of 5 Year Mortality
Risk Factors for 5 Year Mortality Recipient Age
(1/1996-6/2004)
2
1,5
1
0,5
p < 0.0001
0 20
25
30
35
40
45
Recipient Age
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
50
55
60
65
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS
Relative Risk of 5 Year Mortality
Risk Factors for 5 Year Mortality Donor Age
(1/1996-6/2004)
2
1,5
1
0,5
p = 0.0063 0 15
20
25
30
35
Donor Age
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
40
45
50
55
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS Risk Factors for 5 Year Mortality
(1/1996-6/2004)
Continuous Factors (see figures) Recipient age
Recipient oxygen required at rest
Transplant center volume
Donor age
Cardiac output
Recipient FEV1 % predicted
Bilirubin
Recipient height (borderline)
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141
ADULT LUNG TRANSPLANTS Risk Factors for 5 Year Mortality Conditional on Survival to 1 Year
(1/1996-6/2004)
Continuous Factors (see figures) Recipient age
Height difference
Transplant center volume
Donor age (borderline)
Cardiac output (borderline)
Recipient Height (borderline)
Recipient FEV1 % predicted (borderline)
ISHLT
2010
J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010 Oct; 29 (10): 1083-1141