Lesson 18 VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007 Politik dan Topik-Topik Internasional dalam Berita Political and International Topics in the News This lesson will give you a brief introduction to the domestic politics and international issues of Indonesia. You will also become familiar with how these topics are reported in the news.
Indonesia is a constitutional republic. The elected president is both the head of state and head of the government. The unicameral legislature is made up of the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR), which includes the House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR) plus 195 indirectly selected members. The Assembly meets every five years to elect the president and vice president and to approve broad outlines of national policy. It also has yearly meetings to consider constitutional and legislative changes.
Current Indonesian President
Megawati Sukarnoputri, 2001Politics runs in Megawati's family. Her father, Sukarno, became the first president when Indonesia gained independence after World War II. Both Megawati and her father are popular among the Indonesians. Megawati became the president in July 2001, replacing Abdurrahman Wahid. Her goal is to unite Indonesia, so her priority has been to take action against separatist guerrillas in the state of Aceh and to enforce financial reforms that are in agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Megawati entered politics in 1987 at the age of 40, leaving behind her suburban family lifestyle. In the 1990s, she became the symbol of a popular resistance against the authoritarian rule of President Suharto. Megawati is reluctant to give interviews and make speeches. Some see this as being political cunning, while others see it as a sign of weak leadership. .
240
1. Read along while listening to the following terms and repeat after the speaker. Government Prime minister President Leader/Ruler Dictator Parliament Member of parliament Ministry Election General election Official Political party Vote To vote/ To elect/ To choose Coup d'etat Revolt Rebels Rebellion Oppressed Republic State/Country Democracy/Democratic Term of office Dispute Policy Adopt (a policy) Human rights Religious Environmental Nation Nationality Racial Unrest World Conflict War Invade/Invasion Nuclear bombs/Weapon Troops Innocent people To hit In regards to/ About Difference
Pemerintah Perdana menteri Presiden Pemimpin/ Penguasa Diktator Parlemen Anggota parlemen Kementerian Pemilihan Pemilihan umum Pejabat resmi Partai politik Suara Pilih/ Memilih Kudeta Berontak/ Memberontak Pemberontak Pemberontakan Tertindas Republik Negara Demokrasi Lamanya di jabatan Berselisih Kebijaksanaan Mengambil kebijaksanaan Hak-Hak azasi manusia (HAM) Beragama Lingkungan Bangsa Kebangsaan Ras/ Suku bangsa Keadaan tidak tenang Dunia Sengketa Perang Penyerbuan/ Infasi Bom Nuklir/ Senjata-senjata Pasukan Orang-Orang tidak berdosa Kena Mengenai Perbedaan
241
To eradicate Elimination Goal/Purpose/Intention To need Together Because Main/First The cause/ The reason Goal War To fight News To spread the news To know To exist To have To have a coalition To make To report To hold a conference To announce To continue To look for Form Is formed/ Was formed Bird Bird flu
Berantas/ Memberantas Pemberantasan Tujuan Perlu/ Butuh/ Memerlukan/ Membutuhkan Bersama Sebab/ Karena Utama Penyebab Tujuan Perang Berjuang Berita/ Kabar Memberitakan Tahu Berada Punya Berkoalisi Membuat Lapor/ Melaporkan Berunding Mengumumkan Terus/ Meneruskan Mencari Bentuk/ Shape Terbentuk Burung Kasus flue burung
2. Listen to a news report from Indonesia. Transcribe and translate the report below. Check your work with the Answer Key. Play Audio
242
Grammar Notes The prefixes me, mem, meng, meny, and men are placed in front of root words to form verbs. Note that the noun that precedes the verb does the action that is described by the verb. The prefix mem is used before roots and bases beginning with labial sounds, such as b, p, f, and v. Generally speaking, words that start with the letter p and are prefixed with mem, drop the p and the “p” sound. Pilih (to choose) becomes memilih. (Note: The p and “p” sound are dropped.) Rakyat memilih presiden untuk 4 tahun. (The people voted for the president for four years.) Bunuh (to kill) becomes membunuh. Pembrontak membunuh presiden yang baru. (The rebels killed the new president.) The prefixes pe, pem, peng, peny, and pen are placed in front of verbs or adjectives to turn them into pronouns. As with the prefix me, if the word that is being prefixed begins with a p, then the p is dropped as well as the “p” sound. Pilih becomes pemilih (the voter). Pemilih-pemilih harus berumur diatas 18 tahun untuk memilih. (Voters have to be over 18 to vote.) Berontak (to revolt) becomes pemberontak (the rebels). Pemberontak membunuh orang-orang tidak berdosa. (The rebels killed the innocent people.) Pimpin (to lead) becomes pemimpin (the leader). Pemimpin negara Indonesia adalah seorang wanita. (The leader of the country of Indonesian is a female). When the prefixes pe, pem, peng, peny, and pen are used with the suffix an, the verbs become nouns. Pilih becomes pemilihan (the election). Pemilihan presiden dilakukan tiap 4 tahun. (The election of the president is done every four years.) Berontak (to revolt) becomes pemberontakan (the rebellion). Pemberontakan dimana-mana membuat negara tidak aman. (The rebellion made the country unsafe.)
243
Periksa (to inspect) becomes pemeriksaan (the inspection). The prefix ke, when affixed to a number and followed by a noun, denotes plurality. Do not pluralize the noun since the number in front of the noun makes it plural. Kedua negara itu saling membantu. (Those two countries help each other.) Ketiga anaknya adalah wanita. (Three of her children are females. / Her three children are females.) Note: Do not confuse the usage of the prefix ke (above) with cardinal numbers in Indonesian, which also require the prefix ke. The word yang (meaning “the one which is”) may also be added to a number when no noun is mentioned. The word order of the sentence will tell you which is which (nouns are placed before the cardinal numbers). Ke + tiga becomes ketiga (the third). Anak yang ketiga (the third child) Anak ketiganya adalah wanita. (Her third child is female.) The passive prefix di is the opposite of the active prefix me. It indicates that the object of the verb is the main focus or topic of the sentence. This is very similar to the passive voice in English. Pilih becomes dipilih (has been elected). Presiden Bush dipilih oleh rakyat sebagai presiden A.S. (Bush was elected by the people as the U.S. president.) The suffix kan may be attached to intransitive verbs to form their corresponding transitive verbs. Laku (to do) becomes melakukan (to do something). Pasukan A.S. melakukan operasi militer besar. (The U.S troops conducted a big military operation.) The suffix kan may be used to form passive sentences as well. Operasi militer besar dilakukan oleh pasukan A.S. (The big military operation was conducted by U.S military.) Asking one’s nationality: Apa anda orang Amerika? Ya, saya orang Amerika. Bukan, saya bukan orang Amerika.
Are you American? Yes, I am American. No, I am not American.
244
3. Translate the following statements into English. Check your work with the Answer Key. Presiden dari Amerika Serikat adalah George Bush. ______________________________________________________________________________
Kedua negara Jepang dan Inggeris punya perdana menteri. ______________________________________________________________________________
Anggota-anggota parlemen memilih kebijaksanaan baru. ______________________________________________________________________________
Pasukan pemberontak membunuh diktator itu. ______________________________________________________________________________ Ini adalah pemilihan umum yang kesatu. ______________________________________________________________________________
Kedua partai politik tidah setuju mengenai banyak hal. ______________________________________________________________________________
Hak-hak azasi manusia adalah hal yang penting di dunia sekarang ini. ______________________________________________________________________________
4. Listen to the audio and repeat after the speaker. Indonesia/Indonesian America/ American Canada/Canadian Mexico/Mexican France/French Germany/German England/English
Negara Indonesia/ bangsa Indonesia Negara Amerika/ bangsa Amerika Negara Kanada/ bangsa Kanada Negara Meksiko/ bangsa Meksiko Negara Perancis/ bangsa Perancis Negara Jerman/ bangsa Jerman Negara Inggeris/ bangsa Inggeris
245
Scotland/Scottish Ireland/Irish Spain/Spanish Italy/Italian Netherlands/Dutch Denmark/Danish Sweden/Swedish Norway/Norwegian Finland/Finnish Japan/Japanese China/Chinese Korea/Korean Russia/Russian Thailand/Thai Vietnam/Vietnamese Philippines/Filipino South Africa/South African Egypt/Egyptian Iraq/Iraqi Iran/Iranian Saudi Arabia/Arabian Jordan/Jordanian Syria/Syrian Israel/Israeli Kuwait/Kuwaiti Indian/Indian Afghanistan Pakistan/Pakistani Middle East
Negara Skotlandia/ bangsa Skotlandia Negara Irlandia/ bangsa Irlandia Negara Spanyol/ bangsa Spanyol Negara Italia/ bangsa Italia Negara Belanda/ bangsa Belanda Negara Denmark/ bangsa Denmark Negara Swedia/ bangsa Swedia Negara Norwegia/ bangsa Norwegia Negara Finlandia/ bangsa Finlandia Negara Jepang/ bangsa Jepang Negara China/ bangsa China Negara Korea/ bangsa Korea Negara Rusia/ bangsa Rusia Negara Muangthai/ bangsa Muangthai Negara Vietnam/ bangsa Vietnam Negara Philipina/ bangsa Philipina Negara Afrika selatan/ bangsa Afrika selatan Negara Mesir/ bangsa Mesir Negara Irak/ bangsa Irak Negara Iran/ bangsa Iran Negara Arab/ bangsa Arab Negara Yordania/ bangsa Yordania Negara Suriah/ bangsa Suriah Negara Israel/ bangsa Israel Negara Kuwait/ bangsa Kuwait Negara India/ bangsa India Negara Afganistan/ bangsa Afganistan Negara Pakistan/ bangsa Pakistan Timur tengah
5. Label the world map below with the country names listed above in Indonesian.
246
6. Listen to questions about one’s nationality and write down the answers that you hear. Check your answers with the Answer Key. A. Apa anda dari Suriah? _____________________________________________________ B. Apa anda orang Amerika? __________________________________________________ C. Anda orang apa? __________________________________________________________ D. Anda dari mana? __________________________________________________________ E. Apa anda orang Indonesia? _________________________________________________ F. Apa anda dari negara Afganistan?_______________________________________
247
7. Translate the following terms and phrases into Indonesian. Check your work with the Answer Key. A. The Iraqi leader
B. The Russian official
C. The South African government
D. Racial unrest
E. Environmental issues
F. Religious differences
G. Middle East conflict
H. The war in Iraq
248
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Find three headlines about Indonesia in a national newspaper and translate them into Indonesian.
249
Vocabulary Adopt (a policy) Because Bird flu Bird Conflict Coup d'etat Democracy/Democratic Dictator Difference Dispute Election Elimination Environmental Form General election Goal Goal/Purpose/Intention Government Human rights In regards to/ About Innocent people Invade/Invasion Is formed/ Was formed Leader/Ruler Main/ First Member of parliament Ministry Nation Nationality News Nuclear bombs/ Weapons Official Oppressed Parliament Policy Political party President Prime minister Racial Rebellion Rebels Religious Republic
Mengambil kebijaksanaan Sebab/ Karena Kasus flue burung Burung Sengketa Kudeta Demokrasi Diktator Perbedaan Berselisih Pemilihan Pemberantasan Lingkungan Bentuk Pemilihan umum Tujuan Tujuan Pemerintah Hak-hak azasi manusia (HAM) Mengenai Orang-orang tidak berdosa Penyerbuan/ Infasi Terbentuk Pemimpin/ Penguasa Utama Anggota parlemen Kementerian Bangsa Kebangsaan Berita/ Kabar Bom nuklir/ Senjata-Senjata Pejabat resmi Tertindas Parlemen Kebijaksanaan Partai politik Presiden Perdana menteri Ras/ Suku bangsa Pemberontakan Pemberontak Beragama Republik
250
Revolt State/Country To announce Term of office The cause/ The reason To continue To eradicate To exist To fight To have a coalition To have To hit To hold a conference To know To look for To make To need To report To spread the news To vote/ To elect/ To choose Together Troops Unrest Vote War War World
Berontak/ Memberontak Negara Mengumumkan Lamanya di jabatan Penyebab Terus/ Meneruskan Berantas/ Memberantas Berada Berjuang Berkoalisi Punya Kena Berunding Tahu Mencari Membuat Perlu/ Butuh/ Memerlukan/ Membutuhkan Lapor/ Melaporkan Memberitakan Pilih/ Memilih Bersama Pasukan Keadaan tidak tenang Suara Perang Perang Dunia
251
Answer Key Exercise 2 Serangan Mortir di Irak Tewaskan 3 Tentara A.S Menurut militer Amerika di Irak, tiga tentara Amerika tewas dan sembilan lainnya cedera dalam dua serangan mortir terpisah Rabu malam. Para pejabat militer mengatakan, dua orang tentara tewas dan enam lainnya luka-luka di kota Balad, 70 km sebelah utara Baghdad. Mortar Attacks in Iraq Kill 3 U.S. Soldiers The U.S. military in Iraq says three American soldiers were killed and nine others wounded in two separate attacks late Wednesday. Military officials say two army soldiers were killed and six wounded in the town of Balad, about 70 kilometers north of Baghdad. Exercise 3 A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
The president of the United States is George Bush. Japan and Great Britain both have prime ministers. Members of parliament voted to adopt the policy. Rebel forces killed the dictator. This was the first political election. The two political parties disagree on many issues. Human rights are an important issue in the world right now.
Exercise 6 A. B. C. D. E. F.
Are you from Syria? Are you American? What are you? Where are you from? Are you Indonesian? Are you from Afghanistan?
No, I’m from Egypt. No, I’m Canadian. I’m Vietnamese. I’m from India. Yes, I’m from Jakarta. I live in Afghanistan, but I am Pakistani.
A. B. C. D. E. F.
Apa anda dari Suriah? Tidak, saya dari Mesir. Apa anda orang Amerika? Tidak, saya orang Kanada. Anda orang apa? Saya orang Vietnam. Anda dari mana? Saya dari India. Apa anda orang Indonesia? Ya, saya dari Jakarta. Apa anda dari negara Afganistan? Saya tinggal di Afganistan, tetapi saya orang Pakistan.
Exercise 7 A. Pemimpin negara Irak. B. Pejabat Rusia.
252
C. D. E. F. G. H.
Pemerintah negara Afrika selatan. Keadaan tidak tenang mengenai suku bangsa (lit. unrest regarding racial.) Hal-hal tentang lingkungan. Perbedaan beragama. Sengketa di Timur tengah (lit. conflict in Middle east) Perang di Irak.
A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.
The Iraqi leader The Russian official The South African government Racial unrest Environmental issues Religious differences Middle East conflict The war in Iraq
253
