UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA _________________________________________________________________
Jurusan Sistem Informasi Program Studi Sistem Informasi Skripsi Sarjana Komputer Semester Genap tahun 2005/2006
PERENCANAAN STRATEGI SISTEM DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI PADA PT PASIR SARI RAYA INDUSTRI SRI KUSRIANA ELAINE OCTAVIA EDO SURYO PAMUNGKAS
0600631800 0600632381 0600663664
Kelas / Kelompok: 08 PAM / 02 Abstrak
PT. Pasir Sari Raya Industri adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang manufaktur tableware berbahan dasar beling yang menyediakan produk-produk seperti gelas, piring, mangkuk, dan lain-lain. Dengan proses bisnis yang kompleks dan cukup besar, PT. Pasir Sari Raya Industri memerlukan perencanaan strategi sistem dan teknologi yang dapat membantu proses bisnis agar berjalan lebih efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor eksternal dan internal dari segi bisnis dan teknologi informasi yang berjalan saat ini dan mengajukan usulan perencanaan strategi yang disesuaikan dengan sistem dan teknologi informasi untuk perusahaan ini. Simpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kebutuhan sistem yang menunjang kinerja operasional atau kegiatan bisnis perusahaan sehingga dapat bertahan dan mampu bersaing Kata Kunci: Perencanaan, Strategi, Sistem, Teknologi, Informasi, PT. Pasir Sari Raya Industri
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KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yesus atas berkat, kasih karuniaNya serta bimbingan-Nya selama ini yang menguatkan kami sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan penulisan skipsi ini yang berjudul “Perencanaan Strategi Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi pada PT. Pasir Sari Raya Industri ” dengan baik dan tepat waktu.
Dalam kesempatan ini,penulis ingin menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada pihak baik yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung telah memberikan dukungan, ide, pendapat, saran, kritik dan bantuan. Dengan segala hormat, penulis ingin menyampaikan terima kasih yang setulusnya kepada : 1.
Yth. Bpk Prof. Dr. Gerardus Polla, MAppSc., selaku rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara, atas kebijaksanaan dan kesempatan yang diberikan kepada penulis untuk menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini.
2. Yth. Bpk. Siswono, S. Kom, MM, selaku ketua jurusan Sistem Informasi Universitas Bina Nusantara atas kebijaksanaan, dan panduan prosedur yang telah diberikan, sehingga penulisan skripsi ini dapat berjalan dengan baik. 3. Yth. Bpk Tri Pudjadi, S. Sos., MM, selaku dosen pembimbing kelas yang telah banyak memberikan ide, saran, kritik, serta bimbingan kepada tim penulis dalam menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. 4. Yth. Bpk Eddy Kurniawan, selaku wakil kepala pemasaran; Bpk Anthoni, selaku kepala EDP; Bpk A.Syukur, selaku kepala SDM; Bpk Albert, selaku kepala Operasional; dan Bpk Ferry, selaku koordinator lapangan dari PT. Pasir Sari Raya Industri.
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5. Orang tua, kakak, adik, saudara-saudara kami yang tercinta yang telah mendukung kami. 6. Segenap dosen yang telah membimbing kami dari awal perkuliahan hingga saat ini. 7. Teman-teman kami yang tercinta yang telah memberikan dukungan, pendapat, saran, kritik, dan motivasi untuk kami. 8. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu per satu, yang telah membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
Kami menyadari bahwa penulisan ini masih belum sempurna, oleh karena itu kami mengharapkan adanya saran-saran, kritik-kritik yang dapat membangun. Semoga penulisan ini dapat memberikan manfaat khususnya pada PT. Pasir Sari Raya Industri dan kepada pihak yang memerlukan.
Jakarta, 16 Juni 2006
Tim penulis
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DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul Luar Halaman Judul Dalam Halaman Persetujuan Soft Cover....................................................................................... i Abstrak.............................................................................................................................. ii Kata Pengantar................................................................................................................. iii Daftar Isi............................................................................................................................ v Daftar Tabel..................................................................................................................... xii Daftar Gambar................................................................................................................ xiv
BAB I : PENDAHULUAN............................................................................................................ 1 1.1
Latar Belakang........................................................................................... 1
1.2
Ruang Lingkup.......................................................................................... 4
1.3
Tujuan dan Manfaat...................................................................................5
1.4
Metodologi Penelitian............................................................................... 6
1.5
Sistematika Penulisan.............................................................................. 12
BAB II : LANDASAN TEORI..................................................................................... 14 2.1 Perencanaan............................................................................................. 14 2.2 Strategi..................................................................................................... 14 2.3 Sistem Informasi...................................................................................... 15
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2.4 Strategi Teknologi Informasi................................................................... 16 2.5 Strategi Sistem Informasi........................................................................ 17 2.6 Metodologi Analisis................................................................................ 17 2.6.1
Analisis PEST......................................................................17 2.6.1.1 Analisis Politik.....................................................18 2.6.1.2 Analisis Ekonomi................................................ 18 2.6.1.3 Analisis Sosial..................................................... 19 2.6.1.4 Analisis Teknologi...............................................19
2.6.2
Analisis Lima Daya Porter...................................................21
2.6.3
Matriks Boston Consulting Group (BCG)...........................22
2.6.4
Analisis Product Life Cycle (PLC)......................................25
2.6.5
Analisis SWOT....................................................................28 2.6.5.1 Strategi SO...........................................................30 2.6.5.2 Strategi ST............................................................30 2.6.5.3 Strategi WO......................................................... 30 2.6.5.4 Strategi WT..........................................................30
2.6.6
Analisis Rantai Nilai (Value Chain )....................................30 2.6.6.1 Aktivitas Primer.................................................. 32 2.6.6.2 Aktivitas Pendukung........................................... 33
2.6.7
Analisis Critical Succes Factor dan Key Perfomance Indicator............................................................................... 34
2.6.8
Analisis Audit Grid.............................................................. 36 2.6.8.1 Hapuskan............................................................. 36 2.6.8.2 Perbaharui............................................................ 36 vi
2.6.8.3 Kaji Kembali....................................................... 37 2.6.8.4 Pelihara dan Kembangkan...................................37 2.6.9
Analisis Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)......................37
2.6.10 Analisis Portfolio McFarlan................................................ 38 2.6.11 Arsitektur Informasi............................................................ 39 2.6.11.1
Tahap I........................................................... 40
2.6.11.2
Tahap II......................................................... 41
2.6.11.3
Tahap III........................................................ 42
2.6.11.4
Tahap IV........................................................ 43
2.7 Teori Pendukung..................................................................................... 43 2.7.1 Mold...................................................................................... 43 2.7.2 Manufaktur............................................................................ 44 2.7.3 Industri................................................................................... 44 2.7.4 Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP)................................... 44 2.7.5 Customer Relationship Management (CRM)........................ 44 2.7.6 Supply Chain Management (SCM)....................................... 45
BAB III : ANALISIS STRATEGI BISNIS DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI................................................................................................. 47 3.1 Gambaran Umum Perusahaan.................................................................47 3.1.1 Visi......................................................................................48 3.1.2 Misi..................................................................................... 48 3.2 Struktur Organisasi..................................................................................49 3.2.1 Tugas, Wewenang dan Tanggung Jawab............................50 vii
3.3 Gambaran Umum Persaingan Industri....................................................56 3.3.1 Analisis PEST.....................................................................56 3.3.1.1 Analisis Politik...............................................56 3.3.1.2 Analisis Ekonomi...........................................57 3.3.1.3 Analisis Sosial................................................57 3.3.1.4 Analisis Teknologi.........................................58 3.3.2 Analisis Lima Daya Porter..................................................59 3.3.2.1 Persaingan Industri.........................................59 3.3.2.2 Ancaman Produk Pengganti...........................60 3.3.2.3 Kekuatan Tawar Menawar dengan Pemasok.........................................................60 3.3.2.4 Ancaman Pendatang Baru..............................61 3.3.2.5 Kekuatan Tawar Menawar dengan Pembeli...........................................................61 3.3.3 Analisis Boston Consulting Group (BCG).........................62 3.3.4
Analisis Product Life Cycle 3.3.4.1 Diagram Product Life Cycle……………..….65 3.3.4.2 Tahapan Product Life Cycle……………..….65 3.3.4.2.1 Emerging ( Introduction )………………....65 3.3.4.2.2 Growth.........................................................66 3.3.4.2.3 Mature..........................................................66 3.3.4.2.4 Decline.........................................................67
3.3.5
Analisis Value Chain........................................................68 3.3.5.1 Aktivitas Primer……………………………….68 viii
3.3.5.2 Aktivitas Pendukung…………………...……..69 3.3.6
Analisis Sistem Yang Sedang Berjalan............................71
3.3.7
Diagram Jaringan………………………………………..74
3.3.8
Audit Grid………………………………………………75 3.3.8.1 Aplikasi Produksi dan Pabrik............................75 3.3.8.2 Aplikasi Akunting.............................................77 3.3.8.3 Aplikasi Marketing……………………….......79 3.3.8.4 Aplikasi HRD....................................................81
3.3.9
Analisis SWOT………………………………………….84 3.3.9.1
Strength (kekuatan)……………………....... 84
3.3.9.2
Weakness (kelemahan)……………………...85
3.3.9.3 Peluang (Opportunities)……………………..85 3.3.9.4 Ancaman (Threats)……………………….......86 3.3.10 Analisis Matriks SWOT…………………………….......87 3.3.10.1 Matriks EFAS dan IFAS...…………………...88 3.3.11 Goals and Problem……………………….…………......94 3.3.11.1 Goals…………………………………………..94 3.3.12 Critical Success Factor dan Key Performance Indicator…………………………………….………......95 3.4 Subjek Data……………………………………………….……………96 3.5 Entity Relationship Diagam……………………………….…………...97 3.6 Kesimpulan Analisis Strategi Bisnis dan Teknologi Informasi……………………………………………………....……......98
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BAB IV : USULAN STRATEGI SISTEM INFORMASI DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI.......................................................................99 4.1
Tren Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi Informasi..................................99 4.1.1 Hardware....................................................................................100 4.1.2 Sistem Operasi............................................................................101 4.1.3 Jaringan.......................................................................................103
4.2 Aplikasi Perusahaan...............................................................................104 4.2.1 Business Intellegence.................................................................104 4.2.2 CRM (Customer Relationship Management).............................105 4.2.3 SCM (Supply Chain Management)............................................105 4.2.4 ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning)........................................106 4.2.5 Data Quality Management..........................................................106 4.2.6 Operational Development...........................................................108 4.3 Aplikasi Matriks Portofolio McFarlan...................................................109 4.4 Usulan Struktur Organisasi....................................................................116 4.4.1 Tugas dan Wewenang................................................................118 4.5 Clustering Matrix...................................................................................121 4.5.1 Clustering Matrix Tahap I ........................................................121 4.5.2 Clustering Matrix Tahap II.......................................................122 4.5.3 Clustering Matrix Tahap III......................................................123 4.5.3 Clustering Matrix Tahap III.....................................................124 4.6 Arsitektur Data...................................................................................125 4.7 Usulan Entity Relationship Diagram pada PT.PASARI......................127 4.8 Usulan Hardware dan Software...........................................................128 x
4.9
4.8.1
Hardware................................................................................128
4.8.2
Software..................................................................................130
Usulan Jaringan...................................................................................132
4.10 Usulan Aplikasi...................................................................................133 4.11 Jadwal Implementasi..........................................................................135 4.11.1 Prioritas Pengembangan Sistem..............................................135 4.11.2 Jadwal Pelaksanaan.................................................................136 4.11.3 Analisa Biaya..........................................................................137 4.12 Estimasi Biaya ....................................................................................138
BAB V : SIMPULAN DAN SARAN...........................................................................140 5.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................140 5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 141
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................. 142 RIWAYAT HIDUP .................................................................................................... 147 LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................................. L1 SURAT SURVEI
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1
Tabel pertimbangan faktor PEST ...............................................................20
Tabel 2.2
Matriks SWOT ............................................................................................29
Tabel 2.3
Tabel McFarlan ..........................................................................................38
Tabel 2.4
Clustering Matrix Tahap 1 .........................................................................40
Tabel 2.5
Clustering Matrix Tahap 2 .........................................................................41
Tabel 2.6
Clustering Matrix Tahap 3 .........................................................................42
Tabel 2.7
Clustering Matrix Tahap 4 .........................................................................43
Tabel 3.1
Tabel Fungsi Bisnis PT PASARI ...............................................................53
Tabel 3.2
Aset teknologi pada PT PASARI ...............................................................71
Tabel 3.3
Tabel Nilai Bisnis pada Aplikasi Produksi dan Pabrik ..............................75
Tabel 3.4
Tabel Nilai Teknis pada Aplikasi Produksi dan Pabrik ..............................76
Tabel 3.5
Tabel Nilai Bisnis pada Aplikasi Akunting ................................................77
Tabel 3.6
Tabel Nilai Teknis pada Aplikasi Akunting ...............................................78
Tabel 3.7
Tabel Nilai Bisnis pada Aplikasi Marketing ..............................................79
Tabel 3.8
Tabel Nilai Teknis pada Aplikasi ...............................................................80
Tabel 3.9
Tabel Nilai Bisnis pada Aplikasi HRD ......................................................81
Tabel 3.10 Tabel Nilai Teknis pada Aplikasi HRD ......................................................82 Tabel 3.11 Tabel Hasil Kesimpulan Audit Grid ...........................................................83 Tabel 3.12 Tabel Matriks SWOT .................................................................................87 Tabel 3.13 External Strategy Factor Analysis Summary (EFAS) PT PASARI ..........88 Tabel 3.14 Internal Strategy Factor Analysis Summary (IFAS) PT PASARI ..............89 Tabel 3.15 Critical Success Factors dan Key Performance Indicators .......................95 Tabel 3.16 Subjek Data pada PT PASARI ...................................................................96 xii
Tabel 4.1
Tabel Pemetaan Aplikasi Portfolio ...........................................................110
Tabel 4.2
Matriks McFarlan .....................................................................................111
Tabel 4.3
Usulan Fungsi dan Tanggung jawab ........................................................118
Tabel 4.4
Clustering Matrix Tahap I ........................................................................121
Tabel 4.5
Clustering Matrix Tahap II .......................................................................122
Tabel 4.6
Clustering Matrix Tahap III .....................................................................123
Tabel 4.7
Clustering Matrix Tahap IV .....................................................................124
Tabel 4.8
Arsitektur Data .........................................................................................125
Tabel 4.9
Usulan Hardware......................................................................................128
Tabel 4.10 Usulan Software.........................................................................................130 Tabel 4.11 Usulan Aplikasi ........................................................................................133 Tabel 4.12 Prioritas Pengembangan Sistem ...............................................................135 Tabel 4.13 Jadwal Pelaksanaan ..................................................................................136 Tabel 4.14 Analisis Biaya ...........................................................................................137
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1
Pengaruh dan dampak dari IT ................................................................... 1
Gambar 1.2
Kerangka Kerja Perencanaan Strategis Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi .................................................................................6
Gambar 2.1
Definisi Sistem Informasi ........................................................................16
Gambar 2.2
Analisis Lima Kekuatan Bersaing Porter ................................................22
Gambar 2.3
Portofolio Produk Boston Consulting Group ..........................................23
Gambar 2.4
Tahapan Siklus Hidup Produk .................................................................25
Gambar 2.5
Analisis Value Chain................................................................................31
Gambar 2.6
Diagram Audit Grid .................................................................................36
Gambar 2.7
Kunci Utama Entity Relationship Diagram ............................................37
Gambar 3.1
Struktur Organisasi PT. PASARI ............................................................49
Gambar 3.2
Gambar Analisis PEST ............................................................................56
Gambar 3.3
Analisis Lima Daya Porter ......................................................................59
Gambar 3.4
Boston Consulting Group PT.PASARI ...................................................62
Gambar 3.5
Product Life Cycle PT.PASARI ..............................................................65
Gambar 3.6
Value Chain PT. PASARI .......................................................................68
Gambar 3.7
Diagram Jaringan PT PASARI ................................................................74
Gambar 3.8
Diagram Audit Grid .................................................................................83
Gambar 3.9
Diagram Analisis SWOT PT. Pasir Sari Raya Industri ...........................92
Gambar 3.10 ERD dari PT. PASARI ............................................................................97 Gambar 4.1
Roadmap Intel Processor ......................................................................100
Gambar 4.2
Pengembangan Windows Vista .............................................................102 xiv
Gambar 4.3
Usulan Struktur Organisasi ....................................................................117
Gambar 4.4
Usulan ERD PT.PASARI ......................................................................127
Gambar 4.5
Usulan Jaringan .....................................................................................132
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