70 VIII. SIMPULAN UMUM DAN SARAN Simpulan 1. Penyakit mosaik ditemukan telah tersebar di seluruh sentra produksi nilam di Jawa dan Sumatera, dengan rata-rata tingkat kejadian infeksi virus mencapai 55.5%. 2. Penyakit mosaik dapat menyebabkan penurunan produksi terna basah, terna kering, kadar minyak dan patchouli alcohol berturut-turut mencapai 34.65%, 40.42%, 9.09% dan 5.06%. 3. Potyvirus terdeteksi dominan berasosiasi dengan penyakit mosaik di seluruh sentra produksi nilam di Jawa dan Sumatera; di beberapa daerah seperti Pasaman Barat, Sukabumi, Jambi dan Brebes juga ditemukan penyakit mosaik yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Fabavirus. 4. Hasil identifikasi molekuler menunjukkan bahwa spesies Potyvirus penyebab penyakit mosaik nilam di Indonesia adalah Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV). 5. Ditemukan keragaman genetik di antara isolat-isolat TeMV dalam populasi alami nilam di Indonesia. Keragaman genetik tersebut terlihat dari tingkat homologi sikuen nukleotida pada daerah gen CP dan 3‟ UTR yang masingmasing berkisar 87.1-99.5% dan 78.3-94.7%. 6. Ditemukan dua jenis kutudaun yang mengkoloni pertanaman nilam di lapangan yaitu Aphis gossypii Glover dan Brachycaudus sp. 7. A. gossypii merupakan vektor yang dapat menularkan TeMV secara nonpersisten. 8. TeMV dapat ditularkan secara mekanik pada tiga famili tanaman yaitu Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae dan Amaranthaceae. Respon tanaman C. quinoa, G. globosa dan N. tabacum dapat membedakan TeMV dari anggota Potyvirus lainnya (PaMoV) yang telah dilaporkan menginfeksi tanaman nilam di Jepang. 9. Teknik kultur meristem apikal berpotensi untuk menghasilkan setek nilam bebas virus. Melalui kultur meristem apikal nilam berukuran 0.5-1 mm dapat dihasilkan 90.9% tanaman bebas virus. 10. Perendaman setek batang nilam didalam air panas pada suhu 50–60⁰C selama10–30 menit belum dapat mengeliminasi TeMV dari tanaman nilam terinfeksi. Saran 1. Keberadaan Brachycaudus sp pada tanaman nilam merupakan laporan yang pertama, maka diperlukan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi spesiesnya dan mempelajari siklus hidup serangga tersebut pada tanaman nilam. 2. Telosma mosaic virus (TeMV) juga pertama kali dilaporkan menginfeksi tanaman nilam. Virus ini berbeda dengan TeMV yang ada di GenBank, sehingga belum ada antiserum yang spesifik untuk TeMV isolat Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah membuat antiserum yang spesifik untuk TeMV isolat Indonesia. 3. Masih perlu dilakukan penelitian penggabungan teknik eliminasi virus dengan kultur meristem dengan perlakuan air panas pada suhu yang toleran untuk jaringan nilam.
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