44 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN Simpulan Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang deteksi keberadaan virus avian influenza pada unggas air di Propinsi Lampung disimpulkan : 1
Antibodi terhadap H5 virus Avian Influenza ditemukan pada semua jenis unggas air di 8 kabupaten/kota di Propinsi Lampung.
2
Materi genetik virus Avian Influenza (H5N1) tidak ditemukan pada sampel unggas air di Propinsi Lampung.
3
Materi genetik virus Avian Influenza H5Nx dan HxN1 ditemukan pada unggas air di Propinsi Lampung.
Saran 1
Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai keberadaan virus Avian Influenza selain subtipe H5N1 pada unggas Air .
2
Sampel yang menunjukkan hasil RT-PCR positif perlu di sequensing untuk mengetahui urutan nukleotida yang ada dan dapat menjawab pertanyaan mengenai kemunculan pita-p ita non-spesifik pada sampel tersebut.
45 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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48 Sturm-Ramirez KM. 2004. Re-emerging H5N1 influenza viruses in Hong Kong in 2002 are highly pathogenic to ducks. J Virol 78:4892-4901. Takizawa T, Fukuda R, Miyawaki T, Ohashi K, Nakanishi Y. 1995. Activation of the apoptotic fast antigen-encoding gene upon influenza virus infection involving spontaneously produced beta-interferon. Virology 209:288296. Tim AI FKH IPB. 2006. Seroepidemiologi virus avian influenza serta strategi penanggulangannya di Sumatra dan Kalimantan. Laporan Akhir Penelitian Kerjasama Departemen Pertanian dan FKH IPB. Tumpey TM et al. 2002. Characterization of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A virus isolated from duck meat. J Virol 76:6344-6355. Wan H, Perez DR. 2005. Quail carry sialic acid reseptors compatible with binding of avian and human influenza viruses. http://amadeo.com/lit.php . [07-62006] Weaver T. 2005. Avian influenza surveys in waterfowl part I: The role wild and domestic waterfowl in avian influenza outbreaks in domestic poultry. NAHSS Outlook February 2005 www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nsu/outlook Webster RG, Bean WJ, Gorman OT, Chambers TM, Kawaoka Y. 1992. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol Rev 56:152-179. Whittaker GR. Intracellular trafficking of influenza virus : Clinical implications for molecular medecine. http://www.expertreviews.org/ [08-02-2005] [WHO] World Health Organization. 2003. Technical Report Series – Recommendations for production and control of influenza vaccine (Inactivated). [WHO] World Health Organization. 2006. Review o f latest available evidence on risks to human health through potential transmission of avian influenza (H5N1) through water and sewage. Zhou NN et al. 1999. Genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses in American pigs. J Virol 73: 8851-8856
49 Lampiran 1 Alur Penelitian
PENGAMBILAN SAMPEL Serum
Uji HI cepat
Usap Kloaka
(+)
pool @ 10 sampel
(-)
pool @ 10 sampel
Uji mikrotiter HI
(+)
PCR Universal (gen HA)
PCR gen H5
(+)
PCR gen N1
(+)
Pemeriksaan sampel individu gen H5 dan gen N1
50 Lampiran 2 Tabel 7 Hasil pemeriksaan material genetik dengan RT-PCR pada pool sampel unggas air serologis negatif
No. Kode Sampel (Propinsi/Kabupaten) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
LT1I (Lampung/Lampung Timur) LT2I (Lampung/Lampung Timur) LT3I (Lampung/Lampung Timur) LT4I (Lampung/Lampung Timur) LT5I (Lampung/Lampung Timur) LT6I (Lampung/Lampung Timur) LT1E (Lampung/Lampung Timur) LT2E (Lampung/Lampung Timur) LT3E (Lampung/L ampung Timur) ME1I (Lampung/Metro) TB1I (Lampung/Tulang Bawang) TB2I (Lampung/Tulang Bawang) TB3I (Lampung/Tulang Bawang) TB4I (Lampung/Tulang Bawang) TB5I (Lampung/Tulang Bawang) TB6I (Lampung/Tulang Bawang) TB7I (Lampung/Tulang Bawang) TB8I (Lampung/Tulang Bawang) TB9I (Lampung/Tulang Bawang) TB1E (Lampung/Tulang Bawang) LTg1I (Lampung/Lampung Tengah) LTg2I (Lampung/Lampung Tengah) LTg1E (Lampung/Lampung Tengah) LTg2E (Lampung/Lampung Tengah) LTg3E (Lampung/Lampung Tengah) LTg4E (Lampung/Lampung Tengah) LTg5E (Lampung/Lampung Tengah) LTg6E (Lampung/Lampung Tengah) Tg1I (Lampung/Tanggamus) Tg2I (Lampung/Tanggamus) Tg3I (Lampung/Tanggamus) Tg4I (Lampung/Tanggamus) Tg1E (Lampung/Tanggamus) Tg2E (Lampung/Tanggamus) LS1I (Lampung/Lampung Selatan) LS2I (Lampung/Lampung Selatan) LS1E (Lampung/Lampung Selatan) LS2E (Lampung/Lampung Selatan)
Asal Hewan Itik Itik Itik Itik Itik Itik Entok Entok Entok Itik Itik Itik Itik Itik Itik Itik Itik Itik Itik Entok Itik Itik Entok Entok Entok Entok Entok Entok Itik Itik Itik Itik Entok Entok Itik Itik Entok Entok
Hasil RT-PCR UNIV H5 N1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -
51
No. Kode Sampel (Propinsi/Kabupaten) 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
LSA (Lampung/Lampung Selatan) LU1I (Lampung/Lampung Utara) LU2I (Lampung/Lampung Utara) LU3I (Lampung/Lampung Utara) LU4I (Lampung/Lampung Utara) BL1I (Lampung/Bandar Lampung) BL1E (Lampung/Bandar Lampung) BLLUTgLTgA (Lampung/Bandar Lampung; Tanggamus; Lampung Tengah; Lampung Selatan
Asal Hewan Angsa Itik Itik Itik Itik Itik Entok Angsa
Hasil RT-PCR UNIV H5 N1 -
-
-
