Southeast Asian-German ForUm Summer School
Farmer’s Groups in Peri-Urban Areas as Parts of Civil Society Action: Linking Rural and Urban People Harsoyo1/ and Eni Harmayani2/
Globalization • Our planet is now in the process of globalization. • Every element of the society should adjust itself to fit with the world system. • Without adjustment, it will fail to sustain its life.
• Farmers in Peri-Urban (PU) area of Yogyakarta as an element of bigger society of Yogyakarta Special Region should do the same thing, adjust itself to become an integral part of the world system. • (Kampong Bahru should do the same) ??
PU Agriculture
PU locations tend to undergo, over a given period of time, dramatic changes
Changes in Peri-urban Location • Increase land price • there is an influx of people both from rural and urban areas • population density increase • multiple land-uses emerge • construction spreads
Peri-urban Agriculture in Transition
Peri-Urban Communities
Production Agriculture
PU Community/Production Agriculture Interface
Such changes effect the original agricultural production systems Which tend to: ▫ become of even smaller scale ▫ with more intensive production and ▫ a shift from staple crops towards more perishable crops and ▫ animal production to serve a growing urban market (meat, eggs, milk).
problem of adjustment • In the process of change, PU people (a collection of peasants, consist of small farmers with land less than one half hectare, some of them are part time near by city workers) face a problem of adjustment. • The problem could not be solved by individual farmer.
farmer group • They need to work together in the process of adjustment. • Farmer’s group or farmer association in PU area of Yogyakarta could be an alternative for accommodating this need.
Extension Institution (Village Level)
• Farmer’s Group (FG) • FG as working partners of agricultural extension workers
The Role of Community Groups • • • • •
Strengthening social capital Networking Building sense of belonging Demonstrating civic duty and responsibility Bringing people of diverse backgrounds, interests and talents together--community building
What is civil society?
• Civil society refers to the arena of un-coerced collective action around shared interests, purposes and values.
civil society • As elements of civil society, the association or the group could potentially link rural and urban, thus becoming bigger civil society organization, which is bridging and binding people from different ethnic, religious, and geographic location together
Five Essential Forms of Capital • Financial • Physical • Human • Environmental
•Social
Social Capital • Community involvement of people and organizations; participation in community events and projects; diversity of leaders; cooperation among organizations, etc • “the glue that holds community together” • “the social fabric that binds people to community”
Towards Building Social Capital Communication
Trust
Cooperation
In the past community development was about building things..roads, schools, mosques, industrial parks, etc. (Indonesia, still lack of infrastructure)
Now it appears the future of community development is about building or strengthening social capital (Malaysia should start now)
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POOR COUNTRIES AND RICH COUNTRIES ? The difference is the attitude of the people, framed along the years by the education & the culture. The great majority of people in developed (rich) countries apply the following principles in their lives:
1. Ethics, as a basic principle 2. Integrity 3. Responsibility 4. Respect to the laws & rules 5. Respect to the rights of other citizens 6. Work loving 7. Strive for saving & investment 8. Punctuality
EXPECTED REALIZATION OF ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
Encouraging agriculture sector in order to be able to play a role in the global market with products which are appropriate with global market needs and responsive to the possibilities of change, but keep maintaining the assurance of food fulfillment in the province of DIY;
agricultural land conversion • A challenge for this group is halting, or at least slowing down the process of land conversion to non agricultural uses.
Rate of Conversion (Ha/year) • Catur Tunggal (Northern part) 26,71992-202 • Wirokerten (Southern) 0,7 2005
2007
Housing
18.186
19.343
Agriculture
23.191
2.062
Change
• Can Farmers Group playing roles in: ▫ Halting agricultural land conversion?
The Answer could be NO • • • • •
Land price in PU is increasing steadily The burden from increasing property tax in PU Small land size Built up neighboring land (virus) Economic incentive of government and private sectors (related to real estate dev.) • Weak law enforcement
Yes: • • • •
FG is already exist for long period of time Possibility for land consolidation Expanding role of agriculture (agro-tourism) Spatial Planning is already existed
What the FG should say? • Housing devl. should be controlled strictly • Strict regulation and sanctionbto developer and district officials • Incentives for the farmland owners • The need for imposing a certain fixed farm land area in every sub district or even village
Who is benefiting from Freezing Land Conversion: ▫ Existing urban residents ▫ Agro-industry in PU Sugarcane factory (Madukisma)
▫ Global/International Communities Tourists Consumers of “organic agricultural product”
supply chain management • The group could also serve as coupling gear to urban and international community within supply chain management (SCM) context.
• Global scm or local food supplier?
• Local: food security and food safety for urban resident (closeness to the city; organic farming) ▫ Fresh food, safe energy for transportation
• Global: international standard (HACCP, ISO, etc) ▫ Demanding standard for individual farmers
• Can Farmers Group playing roles in SCM? ▫ Globally ▫ Locally
• Sukunan recycling group is able maintain . . .
Terima Kasih
KELEMBAGAAN PENYULUHAN • Kelembagaan di Pusat • Kelembagaan di Propinsi • Kelembagaan di Kabupaten/Kota • Kelembagaan di Kecamatan • Kelembagaan di Desa (Deptan, 2002)
Kelembagaan di Kabupaten/Kota • Unit kerja pengelola dan penyelenggara penyuluhan pertanian (Badan/Kantor/Balai/UPTD Penyuluhan Pertanian atau yang berstatus Sub Dinas/Bagian dan Seksi yang dibentuk berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah) • Dalam pelaksanaan dibantu Komisi Penyuluhan Pertanian Kabupaten/Kota. Fungsi komisi ini: menyiapkan bahan untuk perumusan kebijaksanaan penyuluhan pertanian kabupaten/kota dan bahan untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah dalam pelaksanaan penyuluhan pertanian • Keanggotaan Komisi ini: 60 % unsur non pemerintah, 40 % unsur pemerintah
Kelembagaan di Kecamatan • Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) atau lembaga lainnya yang mempunyai fungsi dan tugas yang sama, ditetapkan dengan Peraturan Daerah dan SK Bupati/Walikota • Dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya dibantu Tim Penyuluh Pertanian. Tim ini terdiri dari Penyuluh Pertanian, Petani Pemandu, LSM, Mantri Tani, Mantri Kesehatan Hewan, dan teknisi pertanian lainnya.
Kelembagaan di Kecamatan • Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) atau lembaga lainnya yang mempunyai fungsi dan tugas yang sama, ditetapkan dengan Peraturan Daerah dan SK Bupati/Walikota • Dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya dibantu Tim Penyuluh Pertanian. Tim ini terdiri dari Penyuluh Pertanian, Petani Pemandu, LSM, Mantri Tani, Mantri Kesehatan Hewan, dan teknisi pertanian lainnya.
EXPECTED REALIZATION OF ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT • Encouraging agriculture sector in order to be able to play a role in the global market with products which are appropriate with global market needs and responsive to the possibilities of change, but keep maintaining the assurance of food fulfillment in the province of
