SOAL TUTORIAL OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (Jawaban untuk soal konsep hanya saya berikan berupa point-point saja, tentunya dalam ujian kalian harus elaborasi point-point tersebut!! GOOD LUCK!!) 1. Jelaskan konsep Transaction Cost of Economics dalam kaitannya dengan Supply Chain Management? (riset lebih mendalam dari literature-literatur lain akan lebih baik) Uncertainty Asset Specificity Frequency Opportunism Bounded Rationality Kelima hal di atas menjadi pertimbangan dalam keputusan Make or Buy
2. Jelaskan dan uraikan konsep penerapan Supply Chain Strategies!Bagaimana penerapannya dalam perusahaan anda (Business Development Project)? Kraljic Matrik Sourcing StrategiesSupply base Configurationsupplier selection criteriasupplier relationship model 3. Jelaskan mengapa Supply Chain memiliki peranan penting dalam mereduksi emisi karbon! (riset lebih mendalam dari literature-literatur lain akan lebih baik)
Elaborasi berdasarkan gambar diatas!cari literature lain..you can find a lot of information about this issue
4. Sebutkan 4 quality Guru(s) dan terangkan konsep mereka mengenai quality! (riset lebih mendalam dari literature-literatur lain akan lebih baik)
5. Jelaskan konsep dan penerapan 7 Total Quality Management tools! Check Sheet Histogram Pareto Control Chart Fishbone Diagram Scatter diagram Flow chart 6. Jelaskan langkah-langkah pembuatan Control Chart!
7. Kerjakan soal 6.16 (Heizer, Operations Management)! p 1
p
S6.16 UCL pˆ
p
3
LCL pˆ
p
3
UCL pˆ
0.015
3
0.015 0.985 500
LCL pˆ
0.015
3
0.015 0.985 500
n p 1
p n 0.0313 0.0013 or zero
8. Kerjakan soal S6.10 X
10, R
3.3
(a) Population standard deviation = 1.36,
1.36 (b) Using
x
UCL
10
3 0.61
11.83
LCL
10
3 0.61
8.17
x
5
0.61
Using A2 = 0.577
UCL
10
3.3 0.577
11.90
LCL
10
3.3 0.577
8.10
(c) UCL = 2.115(3.3) = 6.98 LCL = 0(3.3) = 0 (d) Yes, both mean and range charts indicate process is in control.
9. Kerjakan soal S6.11 A2
.577, D4
2.115, D3
0
X
10.0005,
R
0.0115
UCL x
10.0071
LCL x
9.9939
UCL R
0.0243
LCL R
0
Original Data
Sample
Sample Mean (in.)
Range (in.)
10.002 10.002 9.991 10.006 9.997 9.999 10.001 10.005 9.995 10.001 10.001 10.006
0.011 0.014 0.007 0.022 0.013 0.012 0.008 0.013 0.004 0.011 0.014 0.009
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Are Both the Mean and Range in Control? Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
The mean for sample 3 is outside of the lower limit. The reason for this outlier should be investigated, the causes eliminated, and the process studied again and new limits set. If the instructor wishes to illustrate the concept of setting valid control limits, he/she can have the students eliminate out of control points. The correct process is to eliminate the range outliers first. Here there are none. If we eliminate the offending sample number 3, the recomputed limits would be: A2
0.577,
D4
2.115,
D3
0
X UCL x
10.0023 10.0091
R LCL x
0.0119 9.9954
UCL R
0.0252
LCL R
0
Revised Control Limits
Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sample Mean (in.)
Range (in.)
Are both the Mean and Range in Control?
10.002 10.002
0.011 0.014
Y Y
10.006 9.997 9.999 10.001 10.005 9.995 10.001 10.001 10.006
0.022 0.013 0.012 0.008 0.013 0.004 0.011 0.014 0.009
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
These limits reflect a process that is now in control.
10. Kerjakan soal S6.12 Sample Number
Sample Range
Sample Mean
1.10 1.31 0.91 1.10 1.21 0.82 0.86 1.11 1.12 0.99 0.86 1.20
46 45 46 47 48 47 50 49 51 52 50 52
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
R
1.049, X
UCLX
48.583, n
X
A2
10. Use X
47, R
R
47
0.308 1
47.308
R
47
0.308 1
46.692
LCLX
X
A2
UCLR
D4
R
1.777 1 1.777
LCLR
D3
R
0.223 1
1.0, n
10
0.223
The smallest sample range is 0.82, the largest 1.31. Both are well within the control limits. Almost all the averages are outside the control limits. Therefore the process is out of control. While the range is within limits, the average is outside limits, and apparently increasing. Immediate action is needed to correct the problem and get the average within the control limits again.
11. Kerjakan soal S7.16 Given:
Price ( P) = $8 unit Variable cost (V ) = $4 unit Fixed cost (F ) = $50,000 (a) Breakeven in units is given by: BEPx
F P
V
50,000 8 4
50,000 4
12,500 units
(b) Breakeven in dollars is given by: BEP$
F 1
V P
50,000 1 84
50,000 1 0.50
(c) Profit is given by: Profit Volume Contribution 100,000
8
400,000
50,000
4
$100,000
Fixed cost
50,000 $350,000
12. Kerjakan soal S7.22 Where: FC = $37,500 VC = $1.75 P = 2.50 (a) Break-even quantity for the manual process in units: F P
V
37,500 2.50 1.75
50,000 bags
(b) Revenue at the break-even quantity: 50,000 2.50 $125,000 and 37,500 BEP$ V 1 P 37,500 $125,000 1.75 1 2.50 (c) Break-even quantity for the mechanized process: where: F = 75,000 75,000 BEPu 60,000 bags 2.50 1.25 (d) Revenue at nized process: 60,000 × 2.50 = $150,000
and
the
break-even
P = 1.25
quantity
for
the
mecha-
75,000 = $150,000 1.25 1 2.50
(e) Monthly profit or loss of the manual process if they expect to sell 60,000 bags of lettuce per month: Profit=2.50(60,000)–37,500–1.75(60,000)= $7,500 (f) Monthly profit or loss of the mechanized process if they expect to sell 60,000 bags of lettuce per month 2.50(60,000) – 75,000 – 1.25(60,000) = 0.0 (breakeven) (g) They should be indifferent to the process selected at 75,000 bags. 37,500 1.75X 75,000 1.25X 37,500 .5X 75,000 X (h) The manual process be preferred over the mechanized process below 75,000 bags. The mechanized process be preferred over the manual process above 75,000 bags.
13. Kerjakan soal S7.25 (a) Break-even volume: Total fixed cost =
1800 rent, utilities, etc. + 2000 entertainment = 3800
Selling Price
Volume
Revenue
Percent of Total Revenue
1.50 10.00 2.50 6.25
30000 10000 10000 20000
45000 100000 25000 125000 295000
0.153 0.339 0.085 0.424 1.000
Drinks Meals Desserts/etc. Sandwiches
Food Cost
Total Variable Cost Factor*
Total Variable Cost
0.75 5.00 1.00 3.25
1.10 1.43 1.10 1.43
0.83 7.15 1.10 4.65
Drinks Meals Desserts/etc. Lunch/Sandwiches
* The total variable cost factor for meals and sandwiches is developed as: 1.00 food cost 0.33 labor, at two-thirds of food cost 0.10 variable expenses at 10% of food costs 1.43
The total variable cost factor for drinks and desserts/wines is developed as: 1.00 food cost0.10 variable expenses at 10% of costs 1.10 total variable expense
Drinks Meals Desserts Lunch
P
V
V/P
1–V/P
Wi
[1–(V/P)Wi
1.50 10.00 2.50 6.25
0.83 7.15 1.10 4.65
0.55 0.72 0.44 0.74
0.45 0.28 0.56 0.26
0.153 0.339 0.085 0.423 1.000
0.069 0.095 0.048 0.110 0.322
F
BEP$ 1
Drinks Meals Desserts/Wine Lunch/ Sandwiches
Vi Wi Pi
3800 0.322
$11,801.24
Selling Price
Fraction of Total Revenue
Dollar Volume
BEP Units
1.50 10.00 2.50
0.153 0.339 0.085
1805.59 4000.62 1003.11
1204 401 402
6.25
0.424
5003.73
810
(b) Monthly breakeven, to include a profit of $35,000 per year Total Fixed Cost =
1800 rent, utilities, etc. + 2000 entertainment
=
+ 2917 (35,000 /12) profit 6717
F
BEP$ 1
Vi Wi Pi
6717 0.322
$20,860.25
Drinks Meals Desserts/Wine Lunch/ Sandwiches
Selling Price
Fraction of Total Revenue
Dollar Volume
BEP Units
1.50 10.00 2.50
0.153 0.339 0.085
3191.62 7071.62 1773.12
2128 708 710
6.25
0.424
8844.75
1516
14. Kerjakan soal 8.17
Cost(Dallas) FC (Dallas)
Q VC (Dallas) $600,000 $28Q $6Q Q Q
Cost(Detroit) FC (Detroit) Q VC (Detroit) $800,000 $22Q $200,000 $200,000 / $6 33,333
15. Kerjakan soal 8.18 10,000,000 + 2,500V = 25,000,000 + 1,000V 1,500V = 15,000,000 V = 10,000.
16. Kerjakan soal 8.19 a) Crossover is where ProfitBonham = ProfitMcKinney; or – 800,000 + 15,000X = – 920,000 + 16,000X Crossover is at 120 units. (b, c) McKinney is preferable beyond 120 units, Bonham below 120 units. (d) Bonham has break-even at about 53 units; McKinney about 58, so both are beyond break-even at the crossover.
17. Discussion Questions (halaman 376 chapter 9) nomor 1-4 ! 1.
The seven layout strategies are: Fixed position or project layout Process-oriented layout Warehouse layout Retail layout Product-oriented/repetitive layout Office layout Work cells
2.
Fixed position layouts are complicated by: limited space at virtually all sites; at different stages of the process, different materials are needed; and the volume of materials needed is dynamic. 3.
(a) The advantages of a process layout are:
It can simultaneously handle a wide variety of products or services, especially in terms of “batches” or “job lots.” It has considerable flexibility with respect to equipment and labor assignments.
(b) The disadvantages of a process layout are:
The use of general purpose rather than special purpose equipment tends to make the overall process somewhat less efficient. Orders take more time and money to move through the system because of the difficult scheduling, setting up the process for a wide variety of orders, and considerable material handling. Labor skill requirements tend to be high because of the use of general purpose equipment. Work-in-process inventories tend to be high.
4. Most organizations have some procedure for documenting movement of their product. For instance, a hospital has doctor’s orders indicating the tests and procedures that a patient is to undergo. A machine shop has routing documents indicating the operations that an order is to follow as the product moves through the shop. And an auto repair shop knows what repairs, parts, and labor are used on a particular job and as a result where the job was done and the trips made necessary.
