PENERAPAN METODE ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE DALAM MENINGKATKAN STRATEGI, BISNIS DAN TEKNOLOGI PADA PT.GETRACO UTAMA
LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR Oleh : Dimas Soeratno
1100024185
Fuad Perdana Putra
1100027943
Muhammad Ali Imran
1100015344
Universitas Bina Nusantara Jakarta 2013
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala berkatnya kepada kami, sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi tentang “Penerapan Metode Enterprise Architecture Dalam Meningkatkan Strategi, Bisnis, dan Teknologi Pada PT.Getraco Utama” dengan baik serta tepat pada waktunya. Adapun tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk memenuhi persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan jenjang studi Strata 1 (S1) di Binus University. Pada proses penyusunan dan penyelesaian skripsi ini, penulis menerima banyak bantuan dan dukungan baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dari pihak – pihak yang sangat kami hormati. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih sebesar – besarnya kepada semua pihak yang terhormat : 1. Orang tua serta keluarga kami yang senantiasa memberikan dukungan dan doa kepada kami dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 2. Prof. Dr. Ir. Harjanto Prabowo, MM, selaku Rector of Binus Univerisity 3. Fredy Purnomo, S.Kom., M.Kom., selaku Head of Dept. Computer Science Binus University 4. Bapak Johan, S. Kom., MM, selaku Head of School of Information System Binus University. 5. Taufik Hidayat, S. Kom, MMSI, selaku dosen pembimbing Skripsi Penerapan Metode Enterprise Architecture Dalam Meningkatkan Strategi, Bisnis, dan Teknologi.
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6.
Jimmy Herbowo selaku Presiden Direktur PT. Getraco Utama, Sigit Soeratno selaku Manager Purchasing, serta jajaran divisi dan staff – staff lainnya yang telah mengizinkan dan memberikan informasi kepada kami sehingga skripsi tentang Penerapan Metode Enterprise Architecture Dalam Meningkatkan Strategi, Bisnis, dan Teknologi pada PT. Getraco Utama dapat diselesaikan.
7. Teman – teman yang telah memberikan banyak saran dan masukan baik fisik maupun mental yang tidak dapat kami ucapkan satu persatu.
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Daftar Isi
Halaman Judul Luar ……………………………………………………….……..………i Halaman Judul Dalam ………………………………………………………….………..ii Halaman Persetujuan Hard Cover …………………….……..…………………….........iii Halaman Pernyataan Dewan Penguji …………………………………………………...iv Halaman Pemberian Hak Cipta Non Ekslusif …………………………………………..v Abstrak.............................................................................................................................vi Kata Pengantar ...............................................................................................................viii Daftar Isi ..........................................................................................................................x Daftar Gambar …………………………………………………………...……….........xix Daftar Tabel ……………..…………………………………………………………......xxi
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................1 1.2 Ruang Lingkup ............................................................................................................3 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat .....................................................................................................3 1.4 Kerangka Berfikir.........................................................................................................4 1.5 Metodologi Penelitian .................................................................................................5 1.6 Sistematika Penulisan………………………………………………………..…….…7
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BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI 2.1 Teori – Teori Umum ...................................................................................................9 2.1.1 Pengertian Perencanaan ...............................................................................9 2.1.2 Pengertian Strategi .......................................................................................9 2.1.3 Pengertian Sistem ........................................................................................9 2.1.4 Pengertian Informasi ..................................................................................10 2.1.5 Pengertian Sistem Informasi .......................................................................10 2.1.6 Pengertian Teknologi Informasi .................................................................11 2.1.7 Pengertian Enterprise………………...........................................................11 2.1.8 Pengertian Enterprise Architecture .............................................................11 2.2 Teori - Teori Khusus .................................................................................................12 2.2.1 Analisis Lingkungan Eksternal Bisnis Perusahaan ....................................12 2.2.1.1 Analisis 5(Lima) Daya Persaingan Porter……………………....12 2.2.1.2 Analisis PEST .............................................................................15 2.2.2. Analisis Lingkungan Internal Bisnis Perusahaan………………...17 2.2.2.1 Analisis SWOT………………………………………....17 2.2.2.2Matriks SWOT…………………………………………..18 2.2.2.3 Diagram Analisi SWOT ..............................................................22 2.2.3 Enterprise Architecture ..............................................................................23 2.2.3.1 Pengertian Current Architecture .................................................23 2.2.3.2 Pengertian Future Architecture ...................................................23 2.2.3.3 Strategic Plan ..............................................................................24 2.2.3.4 SWOT Analysis (Analisis SWOT)……….................................24 xii
2.2.3.5 CONOPS Scenario.......................................................................24 2.2.3.6 Concept of Operation Diagram ...................................................24 2.2.3.7 Business Plan ……………..........................................................25 2.2.3.8 Swim Lane Process Diagram…....................................................25 2.2.3.9 Business Process Diagram...........................................................26 2.2.3.10 Activity / Product Matrix ..........................................................26 2.2.3.11 Use Case Narrative & Diagram.................................................26 2.2.3.12 Object State-Transition Diagram ..............................................26 2.2.3.13 Logical Data Model ..................................................................27 2.2.3.14 Activity / Entity Matrix ............................................................27 2.2.3.15 Data Dictionary……………………………………….……….27 2.2.3.16 System Communication Description………………….………27 2.2.3.17 System Data Flow Diagram……………………………….…..28 2.2.3.18 Network Connectivity Diagram…………………………….…27 2.2.3.19 Security and Privacy Plan………………………………….….28 2.2.3.20 Technology Forecast……………………………………….….29 2.2.3.21 Workforce Plan………………………………………….….….29 2.2.3.22 Organization Chart…………………………………….………29 2.2.3.22 Knowledge & Skill Profile………………………………....….29 2.2.4 Enterprise Architecture Management Plan………………………….….....30 2.2.4.1 EA Program Management………………………………………30 2.2.4.1.1 Governance and Principles……………………………30 2.2.4.1.2 Support For Strategy And Business…………………..30 xiii
2.2.4.1.3 EA Roles and Responsibility …………………………31 2.2.4.1.4 EA Program Budget ....……………………………….31 2.2.4.1.5 Program Performance Measures ...………………..…..31 2.2.4.2 EA current Architecture Summary ……………………………..32 2.2.4.2.1 Strategic Goals and Initiatives .......…………….……..32 2.2.4.2.2 Business Service and Information Flow..……….……32 2.2.4.2.3 System and Applications ...…………………….……..32 2.2.4.2.4 Technology Infrastructure ...………………….………33 2.2.4.2.5 IT Security ...…………………………………….……33 2.2.4.2.6 EA Standard ..………………………………….….….33 2.2.4.2.7 Workforce Requirements ……………..……….….…..33 2.2.4.3 EA Architecture Summary ..…………………………….….…..33 2.2.4.3.1 Future Operating Scenarios ..…………………..……..34 2.2.4.3.2 Planning Assumption ...……………………….……...34 2.2.4.3.3 Updating Current & Future View ...…………….……34 2.2.4.3.4 EA Sequencing Plan ..………………………….…….35 2.2.4.3.5 Configuration Management ...………………….…….35 2.2.4.4 EA Glossary and References ...…………………………….…..35 2.2.5 EA Repository ..…………………………………………………….……35
BAB 3 ANALISIS ARSITEKTUR BERJALAN 3.1 Strategic Goals & Initiatives .....................................................................................36 3.1.1 Latar Belakang Perusahaan ........................................................................36 xiv
3.1.2 Visi dan Misi Perusahaan ...........................................................................37 3.2 Tujuan Strategis dan Inisiatif ....................................................................................38 3.2.1 Analisis Lingkungan Internal dan Eksternal ..............................................38 3.2.1.1 Analisis Lingkungan Eksternal ...................................................39 3.2.1.1.1 Lima Daya Saing Porter ...............................................39 3.2.1.1.2 Analisis Value Chain ...................................................43 3.2.1.1.3 PEST …………………………………………….…...44 3.2.1.2 Analisis Lingkungan Internal………………………………...…46 3.2.1.2.1 SWOT …………..........................................................46 3.2.1.2.2 Matrix SWOT ..............................................................48 3.2.1.2.3 EFAS ............................................................................49 3.2.1.2.4 IFAS .............................................................................50 3.2.1.2.5 Diagram Analisis SWOT ..............................................51 3.2.1.3 CONOPS …………….................................................................54 3.2.1.3.1 CONOPS Scenario ………….......................................54 3.2.1.3.2 CONOPS Diagram .......................................................57 3.2.3.2.2 Impor ............................................................................57 3.2.1.3.3 Perencanaan Strategis ..................................................58 3.3 Produk dan Layanan ..................................................................................................58 3.3.1 Rencana Bisnis …………..........................................................................58 3.3.1.1 Gambaran Umum Bisnis ............................................................58 3.3.1.2 Executive Team Profile ..............................................................59 3.3.1.3 Hubungan Kegiatan Bisnis Dengan Tujuan Strategis …............60 xv
3.3.1.4 Struktur Organisasi ….................................................................60 3.3.1.5 Peran dan Tanggung Jawab ........................................................61 3.3.1.6 Prospek Pasar dan Strategi Kompetitif .......................................63 3.3.1.7 Swimlane …………...................................................................64 3.3.1.8 Business Process / Services Model ............................................65 3.3.1.9 Business Process / Product Matrix ............................................65 3.3.2.0 Use Case Narrative & Diagram .................................................66 3.3.2.0.1 Use Case Diagram ......................................................66 3.3.2.0.2 Use Case Narrative ......................................................68 3.3.2.1 Business Cycle ............................................................................69 3.4 Data dan Informasi ...................................................................................................69 3.4.1 Object State Transition Diagram ...............................................................69 3.4.2 Logical Data Model ……….......................................................................71 3.4.3 Activity / Entity Matrix .............................................................................72 3.4.4 Data Dictionary (Kamus Data)……………………………………...……74 3.5 Sistem dan Aplikasi ………………………………………………………..…....…76 3.5.1 System Data Flow Diagram ……………………………………..…....….76 3.6 Security ……………………………………………………………………..….......78 3.6.1 Security and Privacy Plan ………………………………………..…....…78 3.7 Standards ……………………………………………………………………......…79 3.7.1 Technology Forecast ………………………………………………...…..79 3.8 Workforce ……………………………………………………………………...…..80 3.8.1 Workforce Plan …………………………………………………….....….80 xvi
3.9 Permasalahan Yang Dihadapi ………………………………………………...……81 3.10 Pemecahan Masalah Yang akan Dilakukan ………………………………...…….82
BAB 4 REKOMENDASI ARCHITECTURE YANG BARU 4.1 Update Strategi Goal & Inisiative ............................................................................83 4.1.1 Perencanaan Strategis ................................................................................83 4.1.2 Strategi Bisnis Usulan................................................................................84 4.1.3 Struktur Organisasi Usulan ........................................................................85 4.1.4 Usulan Peran Dan Tanggung Jawab ..........................................................86 4.1.4.1 Rekomendasi Kualifikasi Personil SI/TI Yang Dibutuhkan ..…87 4.1.5 SWOT .......................................................................................................88 4.1.6 Usulan CONOPS Diagram........................................................................89 4.1.7 Pengukuran Kinerja Peneyawaan Gedung ................................................92 4.2 Business Product and Services .................................................................................94 4.2.1 Swimlane Usulan .......................................................................................94 4.2.2 Business Process / Services Model ………………………………..…….95 4.2.3 Business Process / Product Matrix ............................................................95 4.2.4 Use Case Narrative & Diagram..................................................................96 4.2.4.2 Use Case Narrative ....................................................................97 4.3 Data & Information ..................................................................................................98 4.3.1 Object State Transition Diagram Usulan ..................................................98 4.3.2 Logical Data Model ................................................................................100 4.3.3 Activity / Entity (CRUD) Matrix............................................................101 xvii
4.4 System & Application ............................................................................................103 4.4.1 System Data Flow Diagram ....................................................................103 4.5 Network & Infrastructure ......................................................................................104 4.5.1 Network Connectivity Diagram ............................................................104 4.6 Security .................................................................................................................104 4.6.1 Usulan Security and Privacy Plan ..........................................................104 4.7 Standards ………………………………………………………………………..105 4.7.1 Technology Forecast …………………………………………………..105 4.8 Workforce Plan .....................................................................................................106 4.8.1 Workforce Plan ………………………………………………………..106 4.9 Enterprise Architecture Management Plan ……………………………….……...107 4.9.1 EA Program Management ………………………………...…..………..107 4.9.1.1 Governance and Principles …………………………………..107 4.9.1.2 Support for Strategy and Business …………………………..108 4.9.1.3 EA Roles and Responsibility ………………………………...108 4.9.1.4 EA Program Budget …………………………………..……...109 4.9.1.5 EA Program Performance Measures …………………..……..110 4.10 EA current Architecture Summary ……………………………………...………111 4.10.1 Strategic Goals and Initiatives ………………………………..………111 4.10.2 Business Service and Information Flows ……………………...……..111 4.10.3 System and Application …………………………………………...….111 4.10.4 Technology Infrastructure ……………………………………...…….112 4.10.5 IT Security ……………………………………………………...…….112 xviii
4.10.6 EA Standards …………………………………………..….…...…….112 4.10.7 Workforce Requirement ………………………………...….…...…….113 4.11 EA Future Architecture Summary ……………………………….…...…...…….113 4.11.1 Future Operating Scenario …………………………….…….....…..…113 4.11.2 Planning Assumptions …………………………………………...……114 4.11.3 Updating Current & Future Views ……………………………..…….114 4.11.4 Sequencing Plan ……………………………………….………..…….117 4.11.5 Configuration Management ………………………………….…..…...118 4.12 EA Glossary and Referances ………………………………………….…..……119 4.13 EA Repository Design .........................................................................................121
BAB 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 SIMPULAN ...........................................................................................................123 5.2 SARAN ..................................................................................................................124 DAFTAR PUSTAKA RIWAYAT HIDUP SURAT SURVEY
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1 Kerangka Berfikir …………………………………………………..4 Gambar 2.1 Lima Daya Persaingan Porter ………………………………..…......13 Gambar 2.2 Diagram Analisis SWOT ...................................................................22 Gambar 2.3 Analisis SWOT .................................................................................26 Gambar 3.1 Analisis Lima Daya Saing Porter pada PT. Getraco Utama ..............42 Gambar 3.2 Diagram Cartesius Analisis SWOT ...................................................52 Gambar 3.2 Diagram SWOT .................................................................................53 Gambar 3.3 CONOPS Diagram ............................................................................57 Gambar 3.4 Struktur Organisasi PT. Getraco Utama ……………………………61 Gambar 3.5 Swim Lane …………………………………………………………64 Gambar 3.6 Business Process/Services Model ………………………………….65 Gambar 3.7 UseCase ............................................................................................67 Gambar 3.8 Business Cycle ……………………………………………………..69 Gambar 3.9 Object State Transition Diagram …………………………………..71 Gambar 4.0 Logical Data Model ………………………………………..………71 Gambar 4.1 Diagram konteks / Level 0 ……………………………..…………..77 Gambar 4.2 : Struktur organisasi usulan ……………………………..………….85 Gambar 4.3 Diagram SWOT …………………………………………..………..88 Gambar 4.4 CONOPS Diagram Usulan ………………………………..……….89 Gambar 4.5 Usulan Swimlane proses penjualan……………….………...………94 Gambar 4.6 Business Process / Service Model Usulan ………………..….…….95 xx
Gambar 4.7 Use Case Diagram Usulan …………………………………..…….96 Gambar 4.8 Object State Transition Diagram ………………….………....……99 Gambar 4.9 Logical Data Model Usulan ………………………………...……100 Gambar 4.10 Diagram Konteks / Level 0 Usulan ………………...……...……103 Gambar 4.11 Network Connectivity Diagram Usulan …………………...……104 Gambar 4.12 Sequencing Plan …………………………………………..…….118 Gambar 4.13 EA Repository Design ………………………….………...……..121
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Matrix SWOT ........................................................................................21 Tabel 3.1 Matrix SWOT .......................................................................................48 Tabel 3.2 External Factor Analysis Summary .......................................................50 Tabel 3.3 Internal Factor Analysis Summary ……………………………………51 Tabel 3.4 Kombinasi Strategi Matrik SWOT ……………………………………53 Tabel 3.5 Business Process / Product Matix …………………………………….66 Tabel 3.6 Activity/Entity Matrix ……………………………………….……….72 Tabel 3.7 Data Dictionary ....................................................................................74 Tabel 3.8 Current Technology ………………………………………………… 79 Tabel 4.1 Usulan Peran dan Tanggung Jawab ……………………………..……86 Tabel 4.2 Pengukuran Kinerja Penyewaan Gedung PT. Getraco Utama …..…...93 Tabel 4.3 Business Process / Product Matrix Usulan …………………...…..…..95 Tabel 4.4 Use Case Narrative Usulan ……………………………………..……97 Tabel 4.5 Activity / Entity (CRUD) Matrix Usulan ……………………..…….101 Tabel 4.6 Technology Forecast Usulan …………………………………..……105 Tabel 4.7 EA Roles and Responbility ……………………………………..…..108 Tabel 4.8 Rincian Biaya Teknologi ………………………………………...….109 Tabel 4.9 Rincian Biaya Sumber daya …………………………………..…….110 Tabel 4.10 Sequencing Plan ……………………………………………..…….117
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