Bidang Ilmu Ekonomi
LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN DISERTASI DOKTOR TAHUN ANGGARAN 2010
Judul
: Pengaruh Deplisi dan Degradasi Lingkungan terhadap Sustainabilitas Sumber Daya Alam di Sulawesi Selatan
Peneliti
: Andi Himayah Thahir
Dibiayai Oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional sesuai dengan Surat Perjanjian Penugasan Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Penugasan Penelitian Disertasi Doktor Tahun Anggaran 2010 Nomor : 492/SP2H/PP/DP2M/VI/2010, tanggal 11 Juni 2010.
Universitas Brawijaya Malang 2010
RINGKASAN Andi Himayah Thahir, Program Doktor Ilmu Ekonomi, Pascasarjana Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Brawijaya, 2010. Pengaruh Deplisi dan Degradasi Lingkungan terhadap Sustainabilitas Sumber Daya Alam di Sulawesi Selatan. Promotor, Prof. DR. Umar Burhan, SE, MS., Prof. S.M. Kiptiyah, SE, MSc. (Co-Promotor), DR. Sasongko, SE, MS. (Co-Promotor). Latar belakang penelitian adalah adanya kenyataan deplisi dan degradasi lingkungan di Sulawesi Selatan yang dibuktikan dengan fenomena yang ada. Diduga, deplisi disebabkan oleh perambahan hutan oleh masyarakat. Perambahan dimaksud diantaranya: penebangan liar, pemukiman pada kawasan hutan serta ladang berpindah yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat yang diduga, masyarakat perambah tersebut tergolong miskin. Akibat lanjutan perambahan hutan adalah degradasi lingkungan yang dari banyak penelitian, degradasi menyebabkan turunnya hasil produksi pertanian karena lahan-lahan pertanian tergerus banjir atau mengalami kekeringan panjang (Appasamy dan Nelliyat, 2007). Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi sustainabilitas sumber daya alam karena apabila berlangsung terus akan menyebabkan habisnya sumber daya alam tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya perambahan hutan yang terjadi di Sulawesi Selatan serta akibat lanjutannya seperti degradasi yang diukur dengan banjir dan kekeringan, sehingga dampak banjir mau pun kekeringan terhadap lahan-lahan pertanian produktif dapat diketahui. Metode yang akan digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian adalah metode survey terutama untuk mengetahui penyebab perambahan hutan, penghitungan luas hutan yang terdeplisi, luas lahan pertanian dan perikanan yang mengalami degradasi, serta penghitungan biaya konservasi dengan willingness to pay (kesediaan untuk membayar). Juga dilakukan metode pemantauan kerusakan lahan melalui GIS (Geographical Information System). Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kawasan hulu sungai pada 3 (tiga) lokasi, yaitu hulu sungai Saddang di Kabupaten Tana Toraja, hulu sungai Bila di Kabupaten Enrekang serta hulu sungai Jeneberang di Kabupaten Gowa, mengalami deplisi sehingga wilayah tersebut merupakan lahan kritis. Bahkan, di hulu Sungai Jeneberang 47% dari seluruh wilayah hutan merupakan lahan yang sangat kriitis; sedangkan di hulu Sungai Saddang yang berlokasi di Tana Toraja, hanya 37% lahan yang tidak kritis. Salah satu penyebab dari deplisi hutan di Tana Toraja ini adalah eksploitasi hasil hutan, disamping adanya lokasi pertambangan emas di daerah hutan lindung dan hutan konservasi. Tanda-tanda degradasi juga terjadi, dimana beberapa sungai sudah mengalami penurunan debit air, bahkan kekeringan. Pada lokasi penelitian, baik pada DAS Jeneberang, DAS Bila mau pun DAS Saddang, sustainabilitas tidak ditemukan dengan adanya pemakaian sumber daya hutan yang berlebihan, tidak terkontrol dengan adanya illegal logging (penebangan liar), serta penanaman kembali yang tidak memenuhi adanya keberlanjutan pemakaian sumber daya hutan. Penetapan metode willingness to pay (WTP) pada lokasi menghasilkan hal yang positif, dalam artian minat masyarakat untuk konservasi lahan pada ketiga wilayah amat besar. Hasil-hasil WTP ini menunjukkan konservasi dapat dilakukan selama dapat dikoordinasi dengan baik. Kata Kunci: deplisi, degradasi, lahan pertanian produktif, sustainabilitas.
SUMMARY Andi Himayah Thahir, Doctoral Program in Economics, Graduate Studies Faculty of Economics, University of Brawijaya, 2010. Influence of Depletion and Environmental Degradation toward Natural Resources Sustainability in South Sulawesi. Promoter, Prof. DR. Umar Burhan, SE, MS., Prof.. S.M. Kiptiyah, SE, MSc. (Co-Promotor), DR. Sasongko, SE, MS. (Co-Promotor). The background of the research is the fact that there is a phenomenon about depletion and environmental degradation in South Sulawesi. Allegedly, depletion caused by forest encroachment by the people. Encroachment include: illegal logging, settlements in forest areas and shifting cultivation which done by people who believed are poor. As a result of forest encroachment is environmental degradation. Some studies found that degradation cause a decline in agricultural production because agricultural lands eroded by flood or desertification (Appasamy and Nelliyat, 2007). This can affect the sustainability of natural resources because if continued, natural resources lead to end. The purpose of this study is to know the size of forest encroachment in South Sulawesi and the effect of forest depletion and environmental degradation as measured by the floods and desertification, so the impact of flood on productive agricultural lands can be known. Method used to achieve the goal of research is a survey method primarily to determine the causes of forest encroachment, length of depletion forest, degradation on river basin and the number of productive lands affected, especially in farmlands and fisheries, and calculating the cost of conservation with willingness to pay (WTP). Also conducted monitoring methods of land damage through GIS (Geographical Information System). Research result shows that the region upstream of the river in 3 (three) locations, namely upstream Jeneberang River in Gowa district, upstream Bila River in Enrekang district and upstream Saddang River in Tana Toraja district, having depletion so the region in question is a critical area. In fact, in the upstream Jeneberang River, about 47% of the total forest area is very ctitical, while in the Upper stream Saddang River located in Tana Toraja, only 37% of the land that is not critical. One of the causes of forest depletion in Tana Toraja is the exploitation of forest products, in addition to the location of gold mining in protected forest areas and forest conservation. The signs of degradation also occurs, where several rivers have decreased water discharge, and even drought. In Jeneberang River Basin, Bila River Basin and Saddang watershed, sustainability was not found with the excessive use of forest resources, illegal logging, and replanting that do not meet the sustainability of resource use forest. Determination method of Willingness to Pay (WTP) at the location to produce look like a positive thing, in terms of very large community interest in land conservation in the three regions. WTP results that conservation can be done if there is good coordination of government and peole together to get natural resources sustainability. Keywords: depletion, degradation, productive agricultural land, sustainability.
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