BIDANG ILMU EKONOMI
LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN DISERTASI DOKTOR TAHUN ANGGARAN 2010
Judul
: Analisis Kesejahteraan Muzakki Berdasarkan
Peneliti
Pengeluaran Konsumsi Sedekah (Studi di Kota Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur) : Ambo Wonua Nusantara
Dibiayai Oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional sesuai dengan Surat Perjanjian Penugasan Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Penugasan Penelitian Disertasi Doktor Tahun Anggaran 2010 Nomor : 492/SP2H/PP/DP2M/VI/2010, tanggal 11 Juni 2010.
Universitas Brawijaya Malang 2010
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RINGKASAN Ambo Wonua Nusantara : Program Doktor Ilmu Ekonomi Pascasarjana Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Brawijaya Malang 2010. Analisis Kesejahteraan Muzakki Berdasarkan Pengeluaran Konsumsi Sedekah (Studi Di Kota Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur). Prompotor Agus Suman; Ko-promotor I Khusnul Ashar; Ko-promotor II Multifiah. Tujuan hidup tiap manusia adalah untuk mencapai kesejahteraan. Hal ini sesuai dengan maksud Tuhan menciptakan manusia sebagai hamba yang patuh ( ’abid), kreatif (khalifatullah), dan mengajak kepada kepatuhan dan kreatifitas (da’i), tujuanNya adalah agar manusia dapat mencapai kesejahteraannya. Secara umum, kesejahteraan sering diartikan sebagai terpenuhinya segala kebutuhan dan keinginan. Semakin terpenuhi kebutuhan-kebutuhan dan keinginan-keinginan maka semakin sejahtera keadaan seorang individu ataupun suatu masyarakat. Oleh karena itu Chapra (2001) merekomendasikan semua faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku individu dan memiliki potensi untuk memberikan kontribusi pada kesejahteraan seluruh manusia harus diperhitungkan. Faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain seperti pendapatan/ kekayaan, umur, status perkawinan, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pengalaman, kesehatan, etnisitas, religiusitas, perilaku mulia dan sebagainya. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui: 1). pengaruh Karakteristik Individu (umur, status perkawinan, etnis/suku bangsa, pendidikan, kesehatan, pendapatan dan pengalaman bersedekah) baik secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap Kesejahteraan Muzakki yang diproksi melalui pengeluaran konsumsi sedekah , 2).pengaruh Nilai-nilai religius terhadap Kesejahteraan Muzakki yang diproksi melalui pengeluaran konsumsi sedekah di Kota Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur. Lokasi penelitian di Kota Malang tepatnya pada dua Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional (Laznas): Baitul Maal Hidayatullah (BMH) dan Yayasan Dana Sosial Al Falah (YDSF). Populasinya adalah seluruh muzakki/ donatur yang terdaftar pada kedua Laznas tersebut. Sampelnya adalah donatur yang telah terdaftar dan aktif minimal selama tiga tahun. Hipotesis penelitian diuji dengan menggunakan analisa regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan, pengalaman bersedekah dan nilai-nilai religius berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan muzakki yang diproksi melalui pengeluaran konsumsi sedekah, sedangkan umur, status perkawinan, etnis/suku bangsa, pendidikan dan kesehatan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. Dari ketiga faktor tersebut, pendapatan adalah faktor yang paling dominan pengaruhnya terhadap kesejahteraan muzakki yang diproksi melalui pengeluaran konsumsi sedekah. Kata Kunci :, Kesejahteraan muzakki, Konsumsi sedekah, Karakteristik individu, nilai-nilai religius
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SUMMARY Ambo Wonua Nusantara. Doctorate Program of Economics, Post- Graduate Program of Faculty of Economics of Brawijaya University. Malang, 2010. Analysis of The Welfareof Donors (Muzakki) Based on the Expenditure of Charity Consumption (A Study in the Municipality of Malang, East Java). Supervisor: Agus Suman, Co-Supervisor I: Khusnul Ashar; Co-Supervisor II: Multifiah. All human beings basically wants to achieve well-being. This is consistent with the idea of God creating human beings as obedient creature ('abid), who is creative (khalifatullah) and tending towards obedience and creativity (da'i). God’s objective is that human beings can achieve their well-being. Generally, well-being is understood as the fulfillment of all needs and wants. More fulfillment of needs and wants means that an individual or a society is better off. Therefore, Chapra (2001) recommends that all factors influencing the behavior of individual and having the potential to contribute to the wellbeing of all mankind should be considered. These factors are among others income/wealth, age, marital status, gender, education level, experience, health, ethnicity, religiosity, virtuous deeds and others. The objective of this research is to: (1) determine the impact of individual characteristics (age, marital status, ethnicity/race, education, health, income and charity experience) both simultaneously and partially towards the well-being of donors (muzakki) which is proxied by the expenditure of charity consumption; (2) the impact of religious values on the well-being of charity recipients as proxied by the expenditure of charity consumption in the municipality of Malang, province of East Java. The location of research in Malang is two nation-wide charity raising institutions (lembaga amil zakat nasional, abbreviated as Laznas): Baitul Maal Hidayatullah (BMH) and Yayasan Dana Sosial Al-Falah (YDSF). The population is all donors (muzakki) listed in the two institutions. The sample is taken from the donors who are listed and have been active for at least three years. The research hypotheses were tested with multiple regression analysis. The research findings shows that the income, charity experience, and religious values have a significant impact on the well-being of the donors (muzakki), as proxied by the expenditure of charity consumption, while age, marital status, ethnicity/race, education and health do not have significant impact. Of the three factors, income has the strongest impact on donors' welfare as proxied by the expenditure of charity consumption. Keywords: donor's well-being, charity consumption, individual characteristics, religious values
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