Contoh soal tenses dan Pembahasannya " Contoh soal Tenses dan pembahasannya "
1. `Could you please book me on the next flight to Mexico City? 'I'm sorry, sir. Our airline … to Mexico City." A. will not fly B. has not been flying
D. wasn't able to fly E. doesn't fly
C. did not fly Pembahasan: Could you please book me on the next flight to Mexico City?" "1'm sorry sir. Our airline ... to Mexico City". Kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaan soal mengehendaki suatu alasan tidak memenuhi permintaan customer. Semua pilihan menyatakan tidak terbang ke Mexico. Pernyataan yang berhubungan dengan jadwal, rutinitas selalu diungkapkan dalam bentuk simple present tense (S + VI). Dalam hal ini yang dikehendaki adalah bentuk negatif simple present : S + do/does + not + V1. Jawaban: E 2.
`He has to take a TOEFL test before leaving for the U.S.'
`No, . . . have to; he already took it a few months ago. A. he doesn't
D. he mustn't
B. he isn't
E. he can't
C. he hasn't Pembahasan: He has to take the TOEFL test before leaving for the U.S.' `No, . . . have to; he already took it a few months ago. Kalimat pertama tense-nya adalah present simple (has to = harus).
Maka respon/JAWAB: kalimat tadi harus present simple juga dengan Auxiliary do/does. Does digunakan terhadap untuk orang ketiga tunggal (third person singular). Jawaban: A 3.
I think you had better tell her the truth before somebody else ....
A. can
D. did
B. tells
E. does
C. had Pembahasan: Kalimat pertama bertense present simple, maka kalimat selanjutnya, yang merupakan adverb clause harus ber-tense sama/setara: present simple. Apabila kegiatan (verb) yang dimaksud kalimat kedua sama dengan kalimat pertama, maka verb kalimat kedua harus dalam bentuk elips. Auxiliary do/does digunakan sebagai elips present. Jawaban: E 4.
"Do I hear something?"
"Yes, somebody . . . at the door!" A. knocks
D. has knocked
B. knocked
E. was knocking
C. is knocking Pembahasan: Dari pertanyaan 'Apakah saya mendengar sesuatu?' clan dari Jawaban 'ya' memberi pengertian bahwa seseorang sedang mengetuk pintu. Peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung (pada waktu kini) dinyatakan dengan pola present continuous: S + is/are/am + V-ing. Jawaban: C 5.
"May I borrow your magazine?"
"I'm sorry, my sister . . . it. A. is still reading B. has been reading C. will still read
D. still read E. still reads
Pembahasan: "Bolehkah saya meminjam majalahmu?" JAWAB: I'm sorry memberi pengertian bahwa majalah yang dimaksud tidak ada di tempat. Dengan kata lain, masih sedang dibaca oleh adik saya. Sedang (pada waktu kini) dinyatakan dalam pola present continuous: S + am/is/are + V-ing). Jawaban: A 6.
‘Have the boys had their breakfast?’ 'Not yet, they ....'
A. have taken a bath
D. were taking a bath
B. are still taking a bath
E. would still take a bath
C. will take a bath Pembahasan: `Have the boy had their breakfast?T 'Not yet, they . . .' 'Apakah anak-anak sudah sarapan?' JAWAB: not yet (belum) memberi pengertian bahwa kegiatan yang ditanyakan belum dilakukan oleh subject dengan kata lain mereka masih sedang mandi. Sedang (pada waktu kini) dinyatakan dalam pola Present Continuous: S + am/is/are + V-ing. Jawaban: B 7.
‘Which paintings will be exhibited tomorrow?’
"We don't know yet; they . . . by a team.' A. are still being selected
D. still selected
B. are still selecting
E. still selecting
C. still be selected Pembahasan: `Which painting will be exhibited tomorrow?, 'We don't know yet; they . . . by a team.' Gambar mana yang akan dipamerkan besok? Jawaban `we don't know yet' (kami belum tahu) mengisyaratkan bahwa gambar-bambar (they) masih sedang dipilih oleh tim. Kalimat jawab di atas menghendaki pemakaian pola passive yang menyatakan
sedang, jadi tense-nya adalah/Present Continuou Bentuk passive present continuous berpola S + tobe + being + V3, clan ini dipenuhi oleh (A): They are ' still being selected by a team. Jawaban: A 8.
`Have you delivered the package to the customers?
'Not yet, some . . . A. are still being wrapped
D. would be wrapped
B. have been wrapped
E. were wrapped
C. will have been wrapped Pembahasan: `Have you delivered the packages to the customers?’ 'Not yet, some ...' Kalimat jawaban `not yet' di atas menghendaki kalimat yang mengikutinya menyatakan sedang dalam bentuk passive, jadi tense-nya adalah Present Continuous (to be + being + past participle/V3). Bentuk passive dengan tense ini adalah `are still being wrapped' (masih sedang dibungkus). Jawaban: A 9.
Dika : Can I borrow your laptop?
Ditya : Certainly, but what's wrong with yours? Dika . It ... now. A. is being repaired B. repaired
D. has repaired E. is going to repair
C. is repairing Pembahasan: Dari dialog kita tahu bahwa laptop Dika sedang diperbai-ki. Maka pola yang kita gunakan adalah Present Progres-sive karena perbaikan sedang berlangsung dan dalam bentuk pasif. (S + is/am/are + being + V3). Jawaban: A
10. `You look so unhappy, Anton. What's the matter? 'My father his job.'
A. has just lost
D. is losing
B. has been losing
E. loses
C. losing Pembahasan: Dari pernyataan `You look so unhappy' (Kamu kelihatan tidak bahagia) dapat diduga bahwa ayahnya yang kehilangan pekerjaan merupakan penyebabnya. Tense untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang akibat/dampaknya terasa kini (present: look) adalah present perfect: S + have/has + V3. Jawaban: A 11. 'Anwar was promoted president of your company last week; wasn't he? 'I'm glad he was; he____ in this company for years.' A. had worked
D. would work
B. has been working
E. worked
C. was working Pembahasan: I am glad he was; he ... in this company for years.' Keterangan waktu `for years' (selama bertahun-tahun) menunjukkan suatu kegiatan yang terjadi dalam rentang waktu tertentu dari suatu waktu di masa lampau hingga sekarang. Tense untuk menyatakan kegiatan seperti ini dipergunakan present perfect continuous (S + have/has + been + V-ing) Jawaban: B 12. `What are you looking for?’, 'My wallet; I don't know where I____ it.' A. have been putting
D. was putting
B. am putting
E. have put
C. had put Pembahasan: `What are you looking for? 'My wallet; I don't know where I ... it.' 'Apa yang Anda sedang cari?'
Dompet saya; saya tidak tahu di mana saya menyimpannya.' Tense untuk mengungkapkan kejadian yang telah berlangsung dan buktinya masih terasa/ terlihat adalah present perfect tense (have/has + V3). Jawaban: E 13. 'Where is my dictionary? It was on my desk.' `Perhaps somebody ____ A. takes
D. had taken
B. has taken
E. would take
it.'
C. is taking Pembahasan: "Where is my dictionary? It was on my desk "Perhaps somebody ... it "Mana kamus saya? Tadi ada di meja." "Mungkin seseorang ... kamus itu." Bila kita hubungkan kalimat soal dengan pilihan yang ada kalimat soal mengehandaki makna :"Mungkin seseorang telah mengambilnya. Sesuatu yang telah terjadi (sekarang) diungkapkan dalam present perfect (S + have/has + V3/been). Jawaban: B 14. We haven't heard from Didi for such a long time. `We haven't either, since he . . . to Dili.' A. moves
D. has moved
B. moved
E. had moved
C. was moving Pembahasan: `We haven't heard from Didi for such along time.' `We haven't either, since he . . . to Dili.'
Main clause kalimat di atas berbentuk present perfect tense yang menerangkan kegiatan dimulai waktu lampau dan hingga kini masih berlangsung. Kata since (sejak) menerangkan awal dari kegiatan sehingga untuk melengkapi keterangan waktu tersebut adalah dengan bentuk past (moved). Jawaban: B 15. Anita is looking forward to her birthday because she . . . a new watch. A. promised B. has been promising
D. has been promised. E. has promised
C. being promised Pembahasan: 'Anita is looking forward to her birthday because she . . . a new watch'. (Anita menanti-nanti ulang tahunnya karena dia ... sebuah jam tangan baru). Pernyataan di atas menghendaki bentuk passive yang artinya telah dijanjikan bukan telah menjanjikan. Jadi polanya menggunakan Present Perfect passive S + have/has + been + V3. Pola ini dipenuhi oleh pilihan (D): She has been promised a new watch'. Jawaban: D 16. My friend said, “I have never seen such a good film". From the above statement we may conclude that .... A. it was the first time he went to see a, film B. he seldom went to good movies C. this is the best film he has ever seen D. the film he saw was a bad one E. he has never seen bad films before Pembahasan: `My friend said, 'I have never seen such a good film.' From the above sentence we may concude that ... Kalimat soal mempunyai arti 'Saya belum pernah melihat film sebagus itu' mengandung pengertian bahwa itulah film terbaik yang pernah dia tonton (This is the best film he has ever seen). Jawaban: C
17. Ronny : Are you going to watch the movie on TV tonight? Deny : No, I think I'll watch the recent news. The recent news is news that .... A. tells us about things that have just happened B. provides a lot of advertisements C. is printed in capital letters D. makes the viewers laugh E. is very important Pembahasan: The recent news (berita terakhir) adalah berita yang memberikan segala sesuatu yang baru saja terjadi (tells us about things that have just happened) Jawaban: A 18. Rini : " ... “ Rina : "for almost five years". A. When did you study English? B. How many years will you study English? C. How long have you studied English? D. When will you study English? E. When do you study English? Pembahasan: "for almost five years". "For" di sini menunjukan lamanya waktu. Maka pertanyaan yang sesuai dengan jawaban tersebut harus menyatakan "berapa lama "? Jawaban: C 19. Ronald moved to this town last year. We can say the he ... in this town for a year. A. lives
D. had lived
B. lived
E. was living
C. has lived Pembahasan: Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi mulai di waktu lampau sampai sekarang masih kita gunakan Present Perfect Tense = S + have/has +V3. Jawaban: C 20. Miss Rina...US English since 1989. A. was teach
C. is going to teach
B. has taught
D. taoght
Pembahasan: Kalimat di atas mencerminkan kegiatan lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai saat ini. Jawaban: B 21. 'As a student, I always had instant noodles for breakfast.' This means that I___ for breakfast. A. am having instant noodles
D. have instant noodles
B. like to have instant noodles
E. used to have instant noodles
C. am used to having instant noodles Pembahasan: `I always had instant noodles for breakfast' merupakan pernyataan dalam bentuk past yang mempunyai arti 'dulu saya selalu makan mie instant untuk sarapan'. Dari pilihan yang ada hanya pilihan (E) I used to have instant noodles (saya dulu biasa makan mie) yang semakna dengan kalimat soal. 'Used to' digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan diwaktu lampau. Jawaban: E 22. `When did you realize you had lost your purse? 'When I
money to pay the bus fare.'
A. was needing
D. have needed
B. needed
E. am needing
C. had needed
Pembahasan: Pernyataan kalimat s®al dalam bentuk past (did) maka jawabannya pun harus ber-tense sama. Past. `When' merujuk pada kegiatan yang berlangsung bersamaan bukan kejadian yang berturut-turut, maka `adverb of time' yang diawali conjunction when harus dalam past tense (V2) atau past continuous (was/were V-ing) bukan past perfect (had V3/been). Kata `need' adalah stative verb, kata kerja yang tidak punya bentuk continuous (V-ing). Dengan demikian jawaban yang tepat adalah (B) needed. Jawaban: B 23. `Since when hasn't she been feeling well? 'Since she___ from Singapore.' A. returned
D. had returned
B. has returned
E. has been returning
C. was returning Pembahasan: "Since when hasn't she been feeling well?" "Since she ... from Singapore." Pertanyaan soal dalam bentuk present perfect continuous, dimana menyatakan suatu kegiatan peristiwa yang dimulai pada suatu titik waktu lampau (past) sampai kini terus berlangsung. "Since" (sejak) menunjukkan saat dimulainya kegiatan peristiwa di atas yang berfungsi sebagai keterangan waktu sehingga untuk melengkapi keterangan waktu tersebut adalah bentuk past simple (returned). ` Jawaban: A 24. Tuti came home very late last night. Where did Budiman take her to?' A. She took him to the movies last night B. He took her last night to the movies C. Last night she took him to the movies D. He took her to the movies last night E. To the movies he took her last night
Pembahasan: 'Tuti came home very late last night, where did Budiman take her to?' Yang ditanya adalah kemana Budiman membawanya (Tuti)? Yang membawa adalah Budiman maka subject kalimat jawaban harus He (Budiman). Penempatan adverb of time harus selalu di akhir atau di awal kalimat. Susunan normal sebagai berikut: S + V + O+ Adverb of place + Adverb of time He took her to the movie last night. Jawaban: D 25. 'When did you realize you had lost your purse?' 'When I___ money to pay the conductor. A. was needing
D. have needed
B. needed
E. am needing
C. had needed Pembahasan: Pertanyaan kalimat soal adalah dalam bentuk past (did), maka jawabannya pun harus ber-tense sama: Past Tense. Dari pilihan yang ada, yang merupakan pola past tense hanya (B). needed. Jawaban: B 26. `How long has he been the principal of our school? 'Since I . . . this school.' A. was entering
D. entered
B. have entered
E. had been entering
C. had entered Pembahasan: `How long has he been the principal of our school? 'Since I . . . this school'. Kalimat petama berpola present perfect (have/has V3), di mana menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang dimulai pada suatu titik waktu lampau namun hasilnya bisa terlihat sekarang. `Since' (sejak)
menunjukkan saat dimulainya kegiatan di atas yang berfungsi sebagai ket. waktu (lampau). Keterangan waktu lampau selalu dalam bentuk Past Simple (S + V2): Since I entered this school adalah pilihan yang tepat. Jawaban: D 27. My daughter ... a lot of photographs of the Borobudur when she went there on her last vacation. A. has taken B. has been taking
D. took ,
E. had taken
C. would take Pembahasan: Kegiatan yang ber:angsung pada waktu lampau (when she went there) harus dibentuk dalam pola past tense (S + V2). Jadi jawaban yang benar adalah "my daughter took a lot of photographs of Borobudur." Jawaban: D 28. Police : Yes, madam, what can we do for you? (at the police station) Woman : I want to report. I parked my car in the parking lot. When I got back, the car wasn't there.... A. It is stolen B. It will be stolen
D. It was stolen E. It should be stolen
C. It stole Pembahasan: Dari kontek dialog kita tahu bahwa Mobil wanita itu dicuri. Jadi untuk menyempurnakan dialog tersebut. Kita memerlukan pola pasif, dan keterangan when I got back, menunjukkan suatu kejadian waktu lampau. Maka pola pasif tersebut harus dalam bentuk lampau (past tense) yaitu S + was/were + verb 3. (It was stolen) Jawaban: D 29. A taxi driver who witnessed the accident took my injured brother to the hospital and then. . . my parents. A. call B. called
D. to call E. was calling
C. calling Pembahasan: A taxi driver who witnessed the accident took my injured brother to the hospital and then . . . my parents.' Kata sambung `and' menghubungkan pemakaian jenis dan bentuk kata yang setara. Kalimat di atas menggunakan past (took) maka verb setelah `and' harus dalam bentuk past juga (called). Jawaban: B 30. A : This is a very old building. B : I wasn't even born yet when it .... A. is built B. is being built
D. has been built E. had built
C. was built Pembahasan: Saya belum lahir ketika gedung itu dibangun. Kata diba-ngun memerlukan kalimat pasif dan keterangan saya belum lahir menunjukkan keterangan lampau. Maka kata dibangun tersebut harus dibuat dalam bentuk past tense -pasif (was/were + V3). Jawaban: C 31. “How long has he been the principal of our school?” “Since I...this school.” A. was entering
C. had entered
B. have entered
D. entered
Pembahasan: Anak kalimat di atas mempergunakan kata since yang hanya dapat di pakai dalam past tense. Jawaban: D 32. We went to the movie last night and I thought... A. the film is good
C. It is a good film
B. the film was good
D. It will be a good film
Pembahasan: Bentuk kalimat adalah kalimat lampau (past tense) dengan pola S + was/were + adjective. Jawaban: B 33. Last week Rini...a holiday, she didn’t go for a picnic, she went camping. A. has
C. had
B. have
D. having
Pembahasan: Last week = past tense (S + VII) Jawaban: C 34. `So you have finished typing those letters! When did you do it?ff 'When you A. were attending B. attend
the meeting.'
D. attended E. had attended
C. have attended Pembahasan: 'When did you do it 'When you ... the meeting?' 'Kapan anda mengerjakan pekerjaan itu?' 'Saat anda ... pertemuan.' Kalimat soal dalam bentuk pertanyaan lampau past (when did), maka kalimat jawabannya-pun harus dalam bentuk past. Conjuction 'when' menyatukan kegiatan tersebut berlangsung ber-samaan oleh karena itu harus dipergunakan bentuk past tense (S + V2) atau past continuous (S + was/were + V-ing). Dalam hal ini past continuous lebih tepat alih-alih past tense untuk mengatakan 'saat anda sedang menghadiri pertemuan' (when you were atending the meeting). Jawaban: A 35. I didn't hear the thunder during the storm last night because I…..soundly. A. have been sleeping B. has slept
D. was sleeping E. have slept
C. am sleeping
Pembahasan: Conjunction `because' menyatakan kalimat hubungan sebab-akibat. Kalimat pertama, sebagai result, dalam bentuk past (didn't) oleh karenanya kalimat selanjutnya, sebagai reason, harus dalam past juga. Dalam hal ini saya tidak bisa mendengar guntur selama badai tadi malam karena saya sedang tidur. 'Sedang' di waktu lampau diungkapkan dengan past continuous: S + was/were + V-ing. Jawaban: D 36. `Did you see the children when you came home this afternoon?' 'No, they their teacher in Priok' A. visited
D. were visiting
B. had visited
E. would have visited
C. to visit Pembahasan: "Did you see the children when you came home this afternoon?" "No. they ... their teacher in Priok." "Apakah Anda bertemu anak-anak saat pulang tadi sore?" "Tidak, mereka ... guru mereka di Priok" Jawaban yang dikehendaki adalah alasan bahwa anak-anak tidak ada dirumah, yaitu sedang berkunjung ke gurunya di Priok. Pernyataan dalam past (did) maka jawabannya pun dalam past. Ungkapan sedang di waktu lampau dinyatakan dengan bentuk past continous : S + was/were + V-ing. Jawaban: D 37. 'I wonder why Agus is absent. He might be sick.' `He isn't. I saw him when I... for the bus.' A. wait
D. is waiting.
B. was waiting
E. have waited
C. had waited Pembahasan: 'I saw him when I... for a bus.'
Kalimat `I saw him when' menunjukan tense yang harus digunakan untuk kalimat sesudah when, yakni past continuous tense (was/were + V-ing), yang menyatakan kegiatan sedang berlangsung saat kejadian lain sedang berlangsung. Jawaban: B 38. Nukmi : What was your sister doing when you arrived home last night? Rendra : She ... in the kitchen. A. cooks
D. has been cooking
B. is cooking
E was cooking
E. has cooked Pembahasan: Ungkapan yang paling tepat untuk menjawab pertanyaan Nuki adalah: "She was coking", karena pertanyaan memiliki bentuk Past Continuous Tense yang ditandai dengan keterangan waktu: when you arrived. Jawaban: E 39. The engine….smoothly when it suddenly stopped. A. runs B. running
D. was running E. is running
C. has run Pembahasan: `The engine . . . smoothly when it suddenly stopped.' Kalimat `when it suddenly stopped' menunjukkan bahwa tense yang digunakan pada kalimat sebelumnya adalah dalam bentuk past continuous (S + was/were + V-ing), yang menyatakan suatu peristiwa/kegiatan sedang berlangsung pada saat peristiwa lain terjadi di waktu lampau (when . . .) Jawaban: D 40. `When did the farmer find that ancient tool? 'When he . . . his field.' A. was ploughing B. has ploughed
D. is ploughing E. has been ploughing
C. had ploughed Pembahasan: `When did the farmer find that ancient tool? 'When he . . `. his field.' Kalimat pertama (pertanyaan) bertense past (did), maka kalimat jawaban harus daian, juga. Dalam hal ini past continuous (was/were V-ing) lebih tepat karena menyatakan pekerjaan/kejadian terjadi pada saat pekerjaan/kejadian lain dilakukan pada kurt:n Waktu lampau. 'Kapan petani itu menemukan alat kuno itu? 'saat dia sedang mencangkul ladang (When he was ploughing his field). Jawaban: A 41. 'When did the accident happen?' 'When the goods . . . from the truck.' A. were unloading B. were being unloaded
D. they were unloading E. unloaded
C. being unloaded Pembahasan: 'When did the accident happen? 'When the goods . . . from the truck.' Walimat di atas menghendaki jawaban passive dalam bentuk Past Continuous, yakni was/ were + being + V3. Jawaban: B 42. Ahmad : Mah, what were you doing when I phoned your mother last night? Halimah : I ... TV A. am watching D. will watch B. was watching E. watch C. have watched Pembahasan:
Dari ucapan Ahmad: "Apa yang sedang kamu lakukan ketika saya menelpon ibumu tadi malam?" Kita menge-tahui bahwa Ahmad menanyakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan Halimah tadi malam. Maka untuk menyempurnakan jawaban Halimah, kita harus menggunakan pola past progressive (S+ was/were + verb - ing). Jawaban: B 43. I was sleeping when my father...the announcement about me in the radio. A. heard
C. was hearing
B. hears
D. Will hear
Pembahasan: Kalimat di atas berpola past continous tense karena kata hear adalah kata yang tidak lazim ditambah – ing maka diubah ke bentuk VII Jawaban: A 44. Rina ... a bath when I phoned her. A. is taking B. has taken
D. was taking E. has been taking
C. had taken
Pembahasan: Untuk menyatakan sesuatu sedang terjadi di suatu waktu/ kejadian lain terjadi di waktu lampau kita gunakan Past Continuous = S + was/were + V 1+ ing. Jawaban: D 45. `Could you tell brother to meet me at the library tomorrow? `Sure, I____ him.' A. am telling
D. will be telling
B. will tell
E. would have told
C. be telling Pembahasan: "Could you tell your brother to meet me at the library tomorrow?" "Sure, I ... him"
Ungkapan spontan yang menyatakan sesuatu akan dilakukan harus dinyatakan dalam Simple Future : S'+ shall/will + V1. Jawaban: B 46. Daru : What are you going to do after leaving the college? Dimas : Well, I don't want to be jobless. So I'm ... getting a job soon. A. planning B. thinking of
D. intending E. would like
C. going to Pembahasan: Untuk menyatakan suatu rencana dimasa depan, kita gunakan be + planning to, be + thinking of, be + going to, be + intending to, be + going to. Jadi pilihan A, C dan D salah karena tidak diikuti bare infinitive (get). Jawaban: B 47. `Oh, dear! I forgot to bring my dictionary.' `That's all right. I . . . you mine.' A. am lending B. am going to lend
D. lend E. will be lending
C.' will lend Pembahasan: `Oh, dear! I Forgot to bring my dictionary.' `That's alright. I . . . you mine.' Respon yang tepat pada situasi itu adalah penggunaan Simple Future. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang tidak direncanakan sebelumnya (spontan) digunakan will. Jawaban: C 48. "What is your plan for this weekend?" °I . . . my brother." A. will have visited
D. visited
B. have visited
E. will visit
C. will have been visiting Pembahasan: Kalimat pertanyaan: "What is your plan for this weekend?" mempunyai arti "Apa rencana anda akhir pekan nanti?" Tense untuk menyatakan suatu rencana di waktu mendatang adalah simple future (S + will/shall + V1). Jawaban: E 49. Yusniar
: “I plan to see ‘the ghost’ with Tina.”
Supriadi : “When...it?” A. have you seen C. did you want to see
C. Are you going to see? D. Were you going to see
Pembahasan: Kalimat diatas adalah bentuk dari future tense. S + to be + going to + V. ...are you going to see it? Jawaban: C 50. Father : Are you sure you will pass'? Riana : Believe me, Dad. I'll do better in the next examination. From the dialogue we know that Riana ... to do better in the next examination. A. hopes
D. decides
B. likes
E. promises
C. wishes Pembahasan: Ucapan "I’ll do ..." mengandung pengertian bahwa kalimat tersebut sebelumnya tidak direncanakan. Jadi, pada saat itu Riana memutuskan (decides) apa yang akan dilakukannya. Jawaban: D
