DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL............................................................................................. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. ii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ............................................................................ iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR ..........................................................................................v DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xiv INTISARI............................................................................................................xv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ xvi BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................1 1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 2 1.4 Batasan Masalah ........................................................................................ 3 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................................... 3 1.6 Keaslian Penelitian .................................................................................... 4 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORI ..............................5 2.1 Volume dan Anggaran Biaya .................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB) ...................................................... 7 2.1.2 Manfaat rencana anggaran biaya ....................................................... 8 2.1.3 Tahapan penyusunan estimasi biaya .................................................. 8 2.1.4 Kesalahan yang sering terjadi pada RAB ........................................ 11 2.2 Pekerjaan Beton ....................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Acuan ............................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Baja tulangan ................................................................................... 12 2.2.3 Campuran beton ............................................................................... 13 2.3 Revit Untuk Penghitungan Volume ........................................................ 14 vi
vii 2.3.1 Building Information Modelling (BIM) .......................................... 15 2.3.2 Revit Structure ................................................................................. 17 2.3.3 Revit user interface.......................................................................... 18 2.3.4 Istilah-istilah dalam Revit ................................................................ 22 2.3.5 Cara menghitung volume dalam Revit 2014 .................................. 26 BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN........................................................................31 3.1 Tahapan Penelitian .................................................................................. 31 3.1.1 Pencarian referensi Revit ................................................................. 32 3.1.2 Pengumpulan data ............................................................................ 32 3.1.3 Pengolahan data ............................................................................... 33 3.1.4 Analisis dan pembahasan ................................................................. 34 3.1.5 Kesimpulan dan saran ...................................................................... 35 3.2 Perangkat Lunak ...................................................................................... 35 BAB 4 ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................36 4.1 Proses Penghitungan Volume Menggunakan Revit ................................ 36 4.1.1 Pemodelan elemen beton ................................................................. 40 4.1.2 Pemodelan elemen tulangan ............................................................ 49 4.1.3 Perhitungan di Revit ........................................................................ 59 4.2 Penghitungan Manual .............................................................................. 62 4.3 Analisis Tiap Elemen .............................................................................. 66 4.3.1 Fondasi tiang pancang ..................................................................... 66 4.3.2 Fondasi poer..................................................................................... 68 4.3.3 Sloof dan balok ................................................................................ 70 4.3.4 Kanopi.............................................................................................. 81 4.3.5 Plat lantai ......................................................................................... 86 4.3.6 Kolom .............................................................................................. 90 4.3.7 Tangga ............................................................................................. 94 4.3.8 Tulangan .......................................................................................... 96 4.4 Total Volume dan Biaya Beton ............................................................. 112 4.5 Total Volume dan Biaya Tulangan ....................................................... 119 BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................128 5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 128
viii 5.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 128 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................130 LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................132
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Elemen primary user interface window bagian atas .......................... 19 Tabel 2.2 Elemen primary user interface bagian bawah ................................... 20 Tabel 2.3 Tools dan options dari ribbon tabs..................................................... 22 Tabel 2.4 Kategori dan deksripsi elemen struktur ............................................. 23 Tabel 2.5 Jenis view dan contoh gambar tiap jenis ............................................ 24 Tabel 3.1 RAB kontrak ...................................................................................... 33 Tabel 4.1 Z-positioning kolom utama ................................................................ 42 Tabel 4.2 Tabel kategori dalam New Schedule Dialog Box ............................... 59 Tabel 4.3 Schedule Revit untuk tiang pancang .................................................. 68 Tabel 4.4 Perbandingan volume tiang pancang ................................................. 68 Tabel 4.5 Clash fondasi dengan elemen struktur lain ........................................ 70 Tabel 4.6 Schedule Revit untuk fondasi poer..................................................... 70 Tabel 4.7 Penghitungan manual untuk sloof ...................................................... 71 Tabel 4.8 Penghitungan manual untuk balok ..................................................... 72 Tabel 4.9 Clash beam dengan elemen struktur lain ........................................... 74 Tabel 4.10 Schedule Revit untuk balok B1 elevasi +3.95 ................................. 75 Tabel 4.11 Schedule Revit untuk balok dan sloof .............................................. 79 Tabel 4.12 Perbandingan total volume sloof dan balok ..................................... 79 Tabel 4.13 Total volume sloof dan balok .......................................................... 80 Tabel 4.14 Perbandingan biaya sloof dan balok ................................................ 80 Tabel 4.15 Perbandingan total biaya balok dan sloof ........................................ 81 Tabel 4.16 Penghitungan manual untuk balok kanopi ....................................... 83 Tabel 4.17 Schedule Revit untuk balok kanopi.................................................. 83 Tabel 4.18 Clash plat dengan elemen struktur lain ............................................ 84 Tabel 4.19 Perbandingan volume plat kanopi pada Revit dan manual .............. 85 Tabel 4.20 Perbandingan total volume kanopi ................................................... 86 Tabel 4.21 Perbandingan total biaya kanopi ...................................................... 86 Tabel 4.22 Perhitungan manual plat lantai ......................................................... 89 Tabel 4.23 Schedule Revit pada plat lantai ........................................................ 89
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Tabel 4.24 Perbandingan volume plat lantai ...................................................... 90 Tabel 4.25 Perbandingan biaya plat lantai ......................................................... 90 Tabel 4.26 Clash kolom dengan elemen struktur lain........................................ 91 Tabel 4.27 Kolom dan elevasinya ...................................................................... 92 Tabel 4.28 Perbandingan volume kolom ........................................................... 93 Tabel 4.29 Perbandingan biaya kolom ............................................................... 93 Tabel 4.30 Semua parameter tangga .................................................................. 94 Tabel 4.31 Semua kode tipe tulangan ................................................................ 97 Tabel 4.32 Perbandingan metode estimated dan volume rebar ......................... 99 Tabel 4.33 Perbandingan tulangan fondasi, sloof, dan balok .......................... 101 Tabel 4.34 Perbandingan total biaya Revit tanpa tiang pancang ..................... 104 Tabel 4.35 Penghitungan manual volume tulangan sampel balok B2 ............. 106 Tabel 4.36 Perbandingan panjang dan volume tulangan sampel balok B2 ..... 106 Tabel 4.37 Perbandingan volume tulangan Revit dan manual ......................... 108 Tabel 4.38 Total berat dan biaya tulangan ....................................................... 110 Tabel 4.39 Perbandingan volume beton ........................................................... 114 Tabel 4.40 Perbandingan biaya beton .............................................................. 117 Tabel 4.41 Total volume dan biaya beton bangunan ....................................... 119 Tabel 4.42 Selisih total volume dan biaya bangunan ....................................... 119 Tabel 4.43 Perbandingan volume tulangan dan manual (cm3) ........................ 121 Tabel 4.44 Perbandingan berat dan biaya tulangan ......................................... 123 Tabel 4.45 Harga satuan 1 kg pekerjaan pembesian ........................................ 125 Tabel 4.46 Penghitungan total tulangan Revit ................................................. 126 Tabel 4.47 Perbandingan total tulangan bangunan .......................................... 126
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Contoh bentuk WBS ...................................................................... 10 Gambar 2.2 Hubungan Revit Structure dengan aplikasi lain ............................. 17 Gambar 2.3 Recent files window ........................................................................ 18 Gambar 2.4 Primary user interface window bagian atas ................................... 19 Gambar 2.5 Primary user interface bagian bawah ............................................ 20 Gambar 2.6 Ribbon tabs ..................................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.7 Tahapan menemukan Schedule/Quantities .................................... 28 Gambar 2.8 Name field schedule ....................................................................... 28 Gambar 2.9 Schedule properties dialog box ...................................................... 29 Gambar 2.10 Hasil footing schedule .................................................................. 29 Gambar 2.11 Tahapan ekspor schedule ............................................................. 30 Gambar 2.12 Penyimpanan hasil ekspor schedule dalam format teks ............... 30 Gambar 3.1 Flowchart penelitian ...................................................................... 31 Gambar 4.1 Komponen bangunan yang dihitung .............................................. 36 Gambar 4.2 Model bangunan ............................................................................. 37 Gambar 4.3 Pengecekan satuan.......................................................................... 38 Gambar 4.4 Level elevasi................................................................................... 39 Gambar 4.5 Grid bangunan ................................................................................ 39 Gambar 4.6 Pembuatan slab beton dengan Family Editor ................................. 40 Gambar 4.7 Pembuatan tiang pancang dengan family editor ............................. 40 Gambar 4.8 Fondasi dalam tampilan 3D............................................................ 41 Gambar 4.9 Parameter K1 Lantai 1.................................................................... 42 Gambar 4.10 Peletakan elemen kolom pada pertemuan grid ............................ 43 Gambar 4.11 Pengaturan parameter balok B2 di lantai 2 .................................. 43 Gambar 4.12 Pembuatan balok dari as ke as...................................................... 44 Gambar 4.13 Balok kanopi yang rata luar ......................................................... 44 Gambar 4.14 Pemodelan kolom praktis ............................................................. 45 Gambar 4.15 Clash kolom praktis dengan balok yang berada di atasnya ......... 45 Gambar 4.16 Sketch tangga ................................................................................ 46
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xii Gambar 4.17 Parameter pemodelan tangga ....................................................... 46 Gambar 4.18 Tangga dalam 3D ......................................................................... 47 Gambar 4.19 Plat kanopi .................................................................................... 47 Gambar 4.20 Garis sketch plat lantai ................................................................. 48 Gambar 4.21 Plat lantai 3 ................................................................................... 48 Gambar 4.22 Rebar Cover Setting ..................................................................... 49 Gambar 4.23 Kode tulangan di dalam Revit ...................................................... 49 Gambar 4.24 Pengaturan parameter tulangan sengkang .................................... 51 Gambar 4.25 Garis referensi pada balok ............................................................ 52 Gambar 4.26 Section pada balok ....................................................................... 52 Gambar 4.27 Tulangan yang di-input dalam section ......................................... 53 Gambar 4.28 Placement Orientasi ..................................................................... 53 Gambar 4.29 Pengaturan tulangan utama pada balok ........................................ 54 Gambar 4.30 Pengaturan tulangan sengkang pada balok................................... 54 Gambar 4.31 Tulangan di-input ke dalam bangunan ......................................... 55 Gambar 4.32 Parameter tulangan spiral fondasi ................................................ 56 Gambar 4.33 Tulangan fondasi .......................................................................... 56 Gambar 4.34 Tulangan kolom ........................................................................... 57 Gambar 4.35 Tulangan plat kanopi .................................................................... 57 Gambar 4.36 Pola tulangan satu blok plat lantai................................................ 58 Gambar 4.37 Tulangan plat lantai 3 ................................................................... 58 Gambar 4.38 Data dengan format teks ............................................................... 60 Gambar 4.39 Membuka data hasil schedule Revit ............................................. 60 Gambar 4.40 Pilihan delimited........................................................................... 61 Gambar 4.41 Pilihan tab dan tanda petik ........................................................... 61 Gambar 4.42 Diambil pilihan general ............................................................... 62 Gambar 4.43 Hasil ekspor schedule dalam aplikasi spreadsheet ...................... 62 Gambar 4.44 Panjang balok ............................................................................... 64 Gambar 4.45 Lebar plat kanopi .......................................................................... 64 Gambar 4.46 Luasan plat kanopi ....................................................................... 65 Gambar 4.47 Hitungan manual sengkang .......................................................... 66 Gambar 4.48 Elevasi awal dan ujung tiang pancang ......................................... 67
xiii Gambar 4.49 Clash fondasi poer dan sloof ........................................................ 69 Gambar 4.50 Panjang balok dalam penghitungan manual ................................. 71 Gambar 4.51 Denah balok B1 pada elevasi +3,95 ............................................. 72 Gambar 4.52 Clash balok B1 pada elevasi +3,95 .............................................. 73 Gambar 4.53 Parameter concrete rectangular beam 0,1 × 1 × 10 m ................. 73 Gambar 4.54 Dimensi kolom K1 di ujung balok B1 ......................................... 74 Gambar 4.55 Sloof TB1 mengalami clash dengan kolom dan fondasi.............. 76 Gambar 4.56 Clash antartipe .............................................................................. 77 Gambar 4.57 Balok B3 yang clash dengan balok lain ....................................... 78 Gambar 4.58 Data volume balok B3 yang mengalami clash ............................. 78 Gambar 4.59 Balok dan plat kanopi ................................................................... 82 Gambar 4.60 Kanopi yang mengalami clash dengan kolom ............................. 82 Gambar 4.61 Contoh ukuran plat kanopi ........................................................... 84 Gambar 4.62 Pengukuran manual contoh satu panel plat lantai ........................ 87 Gambar 4.63 Pengukuran satu panel plat lantai dari sisi dalam balok............... 88 Gambar 4.64 Luasan yang hilang....................................................................... 88 Gambar 4.65 Posisi kolom K1 dan fondasi poer ............................................... 91 Gambar 4.66 Pemodelan tangga ........................................................................ 94 Gambar 4.67 Nosing pada tangga ...................................................................... 96 Gambar 4.68 Pemodelan tulangan gedung......................................................... 97 Gambar 4.69 Posisi tulangan fondasi ............................................................... 101 Gambar 4.70 Balok bertulang B2 sebelum terkena clash ................................ 102 Gambar 4.71 Balok bertulang B2 setelah terkena clash .................................. 102 Gambar 4.72 Spasi sengkang tumpuan berjarak 150 mm ................................ 103 Gambar 4.73 Spasi sengkang tumpuan 300 mm .............................................. 103 Gambar 4.74 Penghitungan sengkang .............................................................. 105 Gambar 4.75 Total bar length satu sengkang ................................................... 107 Gambar 4.76 Pembesaran nilai stirrup/tie bend diameter ................................ 108 Gambar 4.77 Tulangan fondasi poer ................................................................ 110 Gambar 4.78 Perbandingan tulangan K1 dan KP ............................................ 110 Gambar 4.79 Pemodelan Revit pada bangunan ............................................... 112
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran A
Gambar As Built Drawing
Lampiran B
Rencana Anggaran Biaya Kontrak
Lampiran C
Analisis Harga Satuan Kontrak
Lampiran D
Hasil Schedule Revit
Lampiran E
Hasil Penghitungan Manual
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