UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM BASISDATA SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PT. PLAZA ADIKA LESTARI

UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA Jurusan Teknik Informatika Skripsi Sarjana Komputer Semester Ganjil tahun 2005/2006

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM BASISDATA SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PT. PLAZA ADIKA LESTARI KRESNOADI MONICA OCTAVIANI EZAR SUNARNO

0600637325 0600639356 0600639854

Kelas/Kelompok : 07 PNT / 06

Abstrak PT Plaza Adika Lestari merupakan suatu perusahaan bisnis yang bergerak di bidang property management. Pada penyusunan skripsi ini, kami memfokuskan kepada proses perancangan dan analisis terhadap sistem basis data sumber daya manusia (Human Resources Development) PT Plaza Adika Lestari yang belum terstruktur dengan cukup baik. Diharapkan dengan adanya sistem basis data yang baru dan lebih terintegrasi, akan mampu menunjang kegiatan operasional perusahaan khususnya dalam bidang sumber daya manusia, disamping juga untuk menunjang proses analisis informasi yang berhubungan dengan sumber daya manusia. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan meliputi tahap pengumpulan data, tahap analisis data, dan tahap perancangan. Tahap pengumpulan data kami peroleh dari hasil studi pustaka terhadap buku dan wawancara serta sumber-sumber lain yang berhubungan dengan topik pada skripsi ini. Sedangkan tahap analisis dilakukan melalui serangkaian proses pengamatan atau observasi terhadap sistem yang sedang berjalan, diikuti dengan proses analisis terhadap hasil pengamatan tersebut, proses identifikasi kebutuhan informasi dan sistem basis data, serta proses analisis dan perumusan rancangan awal berdasarkan pengamatan yang telah dilakukan. Kemudian tahap yang terakhir yakni tahap perancangan, terbagi dalam tiga bagian yakni perancangan konseptual, perancangan logikal, perancangan fisikal serta perancangan aplikasi. Hasil yang dicapai adalah integrasi data yang lebih baik, konsistensi data, serta tingkat keamanan yang lebih tinggi pada sistem basis data. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sistem yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Kata Kunci : analisis, perancangan, basis data, sumber daya manusia

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PRAKATA

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan skripsi ini dalam rangka memenuhi persyaratan penyelesaian Jenjang Strata-1 di Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta. Dalam skripsi ini, penulis menyadari masih adanya kekurangan. Oleh karena itu penulis masih membuka kritik dan saran yang membangun demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini. Tidak lupa penulis sampaikan terima kasih kepada orang tua penulis atas segala dukungan, nasehat, petunjuk, doa, saran dan bimbingan serta kesempatan yang telah diberikan selama penulisan skripsi ini. Rasa terima kasih juga penulis tujukan kepada : 1. Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara, Prof. Dr. Gerardus Polla, M.App.Sc 2. Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Bina Nusantara, Sablin Yusuf, Ir., M.Sc, M.Comp.Sc. 3. Ketua Jurusan Teknik Informatika, H.M Subekti,BE,M.Sc 4. Sekretaris Jurusan Teknik Informatika, Fredy Purnomo, S.Kom., M.Kom. 5. Bapak Dr. Ir. Abdul Aziz, selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah banyak meluangkan waktu untuk memberikan pengarahan, nasehat, saran, kritik, dan perhatian yang besar serta masukan yang sangat berharga dalam penyusunan skripsi ini. 6. Pimpinan dan segenap staf PT. Plaza Adika Lestari yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk melakukan observasi di perusahaan tersebut.

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7. Dosen-dosen Universitas Bina Nusantara, yang telah membimbing selama perkuliahan sehingga banyak memberikan masukan kepada penulis untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 8. Keluarga penulis termasuk saudara-saudari penulis yang telah memberikan dukungan moril maupun spiritual yang begitu besar sejak penulis masuk Universitas Bina Nusantara sampai dengan tahap penyelesaian skripsi ini. 9. Teman-teman dan semua pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu yang telah membantu dengan memberikan saran, nasehat, dorongan, semangat, dan kritik yang membangun serta bantuan lain baik langsung maupun tidak langsung. Akhirnya dengan segala kerendahan hati, penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini dapat berguna dan bermanfaat bagi pihak-pihak yang memerlukannya.

Jakarta, Januari 2006

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

Hal Judul Luar Hal Judul Dalam................................................................................................................ii Hal Persetujuan Hardcover ..............................................................................................iii Abstrak ............................................................................................................................. iv Prakata............................................................................................................................... v Daftar Isi .........................................................................................................................vii Daftar Tabel ....................................................................................................................xii Daftar Gambar................................................................................................................xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN............................................................................................... 1 1.1. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................. 1 1.2. Ruang Lingkup............................................................................................. 2 1.3. Tujuan Dan Manfaat .................................................................................... 3 1.4. Metodologi Penelitian .................................................................................. 4 1.5. Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................. 5

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ........................................................................................ 7 2.1. Teori-teori Basis Data .................................................................................. 7 2.1.1. Pengertian Sistem............................................................................. 7 2.1.2. Pengertian Basisdata ........................................................................ 7

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2.1.3. Database Management System (DBMS) ......................................... 8 2.1.3.1. Komponen DBMS............................................................. 9 2.1.3.2. Keuntungan DBMS......................................................... 12 2.1.3.3. Kerugian DBMS ............................................................. 13 2.1.4. Data Definition Language (DDL) .................................................. 16 2.1.5. Data Manipulation Language (DML) ............................................ 16 2.1.6. Normalisasi .................................................................................... 17 2.1.7. 4th GL (Generation Language) ...................................................... 19 2.1.8. Siklus Hidup Aplikasi Database..................................................... 20 2.1.9. Desain Konseptual, Logikal, Dan Fisikal Basisdata ...................... 23 2.2. Teori-teori Khusus ..................................................................................... 45 2.2.1. Pengertian Sumber Daya Manusia ................................................. 45 2.2.2. Pengertian Sistem Informasi Sumber Daya Manusia..................... 46 2.2.3. Perekrutan ...................................................................................... 46 2.2.4. Cuti................................................................................................. 53 2.2.5. Ijin .................................................................................................. 54 2.2.6. Lembur ........................................................................................... 55 2.2.7. Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja........................................................... 55

BAB III ANALISA SISTEM YANG SEDANG BERJALAN.................................. 58 3.1. Sejarah Organisasi...................................................................................... 58 3.2. Struktur Organisasi .................................................................................... 60 3.3. Wewenang dan Tanggung Jawab............................................................... 62 3.4. Diagram Alir Dokumen Sistem Yang Berjalan ......................................... 65 viii

3.5. Permasalahan yang Dihadapi ..................................................................... 80 3.6. Analisis Kebutuhan Informasi ................................................................... 80 3.7. Usulan Pemecahan Masalah....................................................................... 82

BAB IV PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI ............................................... 83 4.1. Perancangan Basis Data ............................................................................. 83 4.1.1. Perancangan Basis Data Konseptual.............................................. 83 4.1.1.1. Mengidentifikasi Tipe Entity .......................................... 83 4.1.1.2. Mengidentifikasi Tipe Relationship................................ 84 4.1.1.3. Mengidentifikasi Dan Asosiasi Atribut Suatu Entity...... 87 4.1.1.4. Menentukan Domain Atribut .......................................... 96 4.1.1.5. Mengidentifikasi Candidate Dan Primary Key Dari Setiap Entity.................................................................... 97 4.1.1.6. Mengidentifikasi Penggunaan Enhanced Modelling Concepts.......................................................................... 99 4.1.1.7. Mengecek Model Redundansi....................................... 101 4.1.1.8. Validasi Local Conceptual Model Terhadap Transaksi Pengguna ....................................................................... 101 4.1.2. Perancangan Basis Data Logikal.................................................. 103 4.1.2.1. Menghilangkan Feature Yang Tidak Kompatibel Dengan Model Relasional ............................................. 104 4.1.2.2. Pembentukan Relation Untuk Local Logical Data Model ............................................................................ 104 4.1.2.3. Normalisasi ................................................................... 118 ix

4.1.2.4. Pembuatan Model Basis Data Local Logical ................ 140 4.1.3. Perancangan Basis Data Fisikal ................................................... 153 4.1.3.1. Pemilihan DBMS .......................................................... 153 4.1.3.2. Perancangan Basis Data Relasional .............................. 153 4.1.3.3. Merancang Constraints.................................................. 177 4.1.3.4. Analisa Transaksi .......................................................... 181 4.1.3.5. Pemilihan Organisasi File ............................................. 188 4.1.3.6. Pembuatan Index Setiap Entity ..................................... 188 4.1.3.7. Mengestimasi Kapasitas Penyimpanan Yang Dibutuhkan.................................................................... 191 4.1.3.8. Merancang Mekanisme Keamanan ............................... 199 4.2. Perancangan Aplikasi............................................................................... 200 4.2.1. Struktur Menu .............................................................................. 200 4.2.2. State Transition Diagram (STD) .................................................. 203 4.2.3. Spesifikasi Proses......................................................................... 222 4.3. Perancangan Input dan Output ................................................................. 262 4.4. Rencana Implementasi ............................................................................. 291 4.4.1. Spesifikasi Perangkat Keras......................................................... 291 4.4.2. Spesifikasi Perangkat Lunak ........................................................ 291 4.4.3. Cara Pengoperasian Aplikasi ....................................................... 292

BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN........................................................................... 348 5.1. Simpulan .................................................................................................. 348 5.2. Saran......................................................................................................... 349 x

DAFTAR PUSTAKA DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP LAMPIRAN FOTOCOPY SURAT SURVEY

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Tabel Perbandingan Rekrutmen .................................................................... 47 Tabel 4.1 Tabel Identifikasi Entity............................................................................... 84 Tabel 4.2 Tabel Tipe Relationship ............................................................................... 87 Tabel 4.3 Tabel Atribut-atribut Entity ......................................................................... 88 Tabel 4.4 Tabel Domain Atribut .................................................................................. 96 Tabel 4.5 Tabel Candidate dan Primary Key ............................................................... 97 Tabel 4.6 Tabel Binary Relationship one to many ..................................................... 106 Tabel 4.7 Tabel Local Logical Data Model ............................................................... 140 Tabel 4.8 Analisis Transaksi I ..................................................................................... 182 Tabel 4.9 Analisis Transaksi II.................................................................................... 183 Tabel 4.10 Analisis Transaksi III ................................................................................ 184 Tabel 4.11 Analisis Transaksi IV ................................................................................ 185 Tabel 4.12 Analisis Transaksi V ................................................................................. 186 Tabel 4.13 Tabel Perhitungan Ruang Penyimpanan I .................................................. 191 Tabel 4.14 Tabel Perhitungan Ruang Penyimpanan II................................................ 193 Tabel 4.15 Tabel Perhitungan Besar Data pada Clustered Index................................ 195 Tabel 4.16 Tabel Perhitungan Besar Data pada Non-Clustered Index........................ 196 Tabel 4.17 Tabel Perhitungan Data ............................................................................. 197 Tabel 4.18 Tabel Hak Akses ....................................................................................... 199

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Database Application Lifecycle............................................................... 21 Gambar 3.1 Struktur Organisasi PT. Plaza Adika Lestari .......................................... 61 Gambar 3.2 Diagram Alir Pada Proses Perekrutan ..................................................... 66 Gambar 3.3 Lanjutan Diagram Alir Pada Proses Perekrutan ...................................... 67 Gambar 3.4 Diagram Alir Pada Proses Cuti dan Ijin .................................................. 70 Gambar 3.5 Diagram Alir Pada Proses Lembur .......................................................... 71 Gambar 3.6 Diagram Alir Pada Proses Pengunduran Diri .......................................... 73 Gambar 3.7 Diagram Alir Pada Proses Pemecatan ..................................................... 75 Gambar 3.8 Diagram Alir Pada Proses Rasionalisasi ................................................. 77 Gambar 3.9 Diagram Alir Pada Proses Pensiun .......................................................... 78 Gambar 3.10 Diagram Alir Pada Meninggal............................................................... 79 Gambar 4.1 ER Diagram Konseptual .......................................................................... 86 Gambar 4.2 ER Diagram Konseptual dengan Primary Keys ...................................... 98 Gambar 4.3 Contoh Spesialisasi / Generalisasi Pada Entiti PHK dan Karyawan ....... 99 Gambar 4.4 ER Diagram Konseptual dengan Primary Keys dan Generalisasi atau Spesialisasi................................................................ 100 Gambar 4.5 ER Diagram Konseptual dengan Primary Keys dan Generalisasi atau Spesialisasi dan Transaction Pathway ...................... 102 Gambar 4.6 Many-to-many relationship pada Karyawan dan Lembur ..................... 104 Gambar 4.7 ER Diagram Local Logical Data Model dan Transaction Pathway ....... 150

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Gambar 4.8 Struktur Menu Pengguna Admin ............................................................. 201 Gambar 4.9 Struktur Menu Pengguna User................................................................. 202 Gambar 4.10 STD Form Login ................................................................................... 203 Gambar 4.11 STD Halaman Depan............................................................................. 203 Gambar 4.12 STD Menu Utama.................................................................................. 204 Gambar 4.13 STD Menu Transaksi............................................................................. 205 Gambar 4.14 STD Menu Laporan ............................................................................... 206 Gambar 4.15 STD Form Karyawan............................................................................. 206 Gambar 4.16 STD Form Keluarga Karyawan ............................................................. 207 Gambar 4.17 STD Form Pendidikan Karyawan.......................................................... 207 Gambar 4.18 STD Form Kepegawaian ....................................................................... 208 Gambar 4.19 STD Form Bahasa Karyawan ................................................................ 208 Gambar 4.20 STD Form Bank Karyawan ................................................................... 208 Gambar 4.21 STD Form Pelamar ................................................................................ 209 Gambar 4.22 STD Form Keluarga Pelamar ................................................................ 210 Gambar 4.23 STD Form Pendidikan Pelamar ............................................................. 210 Gambar 4.24 STD Form Perusahaan Pelamar............................................................. 210 Gambar 4.25 STD Form Bahasa Pelamar ................................................................... 211 Gambar 4.26 STD Form Keahlian Pelamar................................................................. 211 Gambar 4.27 STD Form Referensi Pelamar................................................................ 212 Gambar 4.28 STD Form Organisasi Pelamar.............................................................. 212 Gambar 4.29 STD Form Test Pelamar ........................................................................ 213 Gambar 4.30 STD Form Interview.............................................................................. 213 Gambar 4.31 STD Form Departemen.......................................................................... 214 xiv

Gambar 4.32 STD Form Jabatan ................................................................................. 214 Gambar 4.33 STD Form Golongan ............................................................................. 215 Gambar 4.34 STD Form Status Kerja ......................................................................... 215 Gambar 4.35 STD Form Pendidikan ........................................................................... 215 Gambar 4.36 STD Form Agama ................................................................................. 216 Gambar 4.37 STD Form Status Menikah .................................................................... 216 Gambar 4.38 STD Form Test ...................................................................................... 216 Gambar 4.39 STD Form Man Power Planning ........................................................... 217 Gambar 4.40 STD Form Detil Kebutuhan Karyawan ................................................. 217 Gambar 4.41 STD Form Request Karyawan............................................................... 217 Gambar 4.42 STD Form Syarat Khusus...................................................................... 218 Gambar 4.43 STD Form Cuti ...................................................................................... 218 Gambar 4.44 STD Form Ijin ....................................................................................... 218 Gambar 4.45 STD Form Lembur ................................................................................ 219 Gambar 4.46 STD Form Detil Lembur ....................................................................... 219 Gambar 4.47 STD Form Peringatan ............................................................................ 219 Gambar 4.48 STD Form Pemecatan............................................................................ 220 Gambar 4.49 STD Form Rasionalisasi ........................................................................ 220 Gambar 4.50 STD Form Pengunduran Diri................................................................. 220 Gambar 4.51 STD Form Meninggal............................................................................ 221 Gambar 4.52 STD Form Pensiun ................................................................................ 221 Gambar 4.53 Form Login ........................................................................................... 263 Gambar 4.54 Form Departemen ................................................................................. 263 Gambar 4.55 Form Jabatan......................................................................................... 264 xv

Gambar 4.56 Form Golongan..................................................................................... 264 Gambar 4.57 Form Status Kerja ................................................................................. 265 Gambar 4.58 Form Pendidikan................................................................................... 265 Gambar 4.59 Form Agama ......................................................................................... 266 Gambar 4.60 Form Status Menikah............................................................................ 266 Gambar 4.61 Form Test.............................................................................................. 267 Gambar 4.62 Form Karyawan .................................................................................... 267 Gambar 4.63 Form Bahasa Karyawan........................................................................ 268 Gambar 4.64 Form Keluarga Karyawan..................................................................... 268 Gambar 4.65 Form Pendidikan Karyawan ................................................................. 269 Gambar 4.66 Form Bank Karyawan........................................................................... 269 Gambar 4.67 Form Kepegawaian............................................................................... 270 Gambar 4.68 Form Peringatan Karyawan .................................................................. 270 Gambar 4.69 Form Pelamar ....................................................................................... 271 Gambar 4.70 Form Bahasa Pelamar ........................................................................... 271 Gambar 4.71 Form Keahlian Pelamar ........................................................................ 272 Gambar 4.72 Form Organisasi Pelamar ..................................................................... 272 Gambar 4.73 Perusahaan Pelamar .............................................................................. 273 Gambar 4.74 Form Keluarga Pelamar........................................................................ 273 Gambar 4.75 Form Pendidikan Pelamar..................................................................... 274 Gambar 4.76 Form Referensi Pelamar ....................................................................... 274 Gambar 4.77 Form Test Pelamar................................................................................ 275 Gambar 4.78 Form Interview ..................................................................................... 275 Gambar 4.79 Form Man Power Planning................................................................... 276 xvi

Gambar 4.80 Form Detil Kebutuhan Karyawan......................................................... 276 Gambar 4.81 Form Request Karyawan ...................................................................... 277 Gambar 4.82 Form Syarat Khusus ............................................................................. 277 Gambar 4.83 Form Cuti.............................................................................................. 278 Gambar 4.84 Form Ijin ............................................................................................... 278 Gambar 4.85 Form Lembur ........................................................................................ 279 Gambar 4.86 Form Detil Lembur ............................................................................... 279 Gambar 4.87 Form Peringatan ................................................................................... 280 Gambar 4.88 Form Pemecatan ................................................................................... 280 Gambar 4.89 Form Rasionalisasi................................................................................ 281 Gambar 4.90 Form Pengunduran Diri ........................................................................ 282 Gambar 4.91 Form Meninggal ................................................................................... 282 Gambar 4.92 Form Pensiun ........................................................................................ 283 Gambar 4.93 Laporan Cuti ......................................................................................... 284 Gambar 4.94 Laporan Ijin .......................................................................................... 285 Gambar 4.95 Laporan Lembur ................................................................................... 286 Gambar 4.96 Laporan Pemecatan............................................................................... 287 Gambar 4.97 Laporan Pensiun ................................................................................... 288 Gambar 4.98 Laporan Pengunduran Diri ................................................................... 289 Gambar 4.99 Laporan Rasionalisasi........................................................................... 290 Gambar 4.100 Form Login ......................................................................................... 292 Gambar 4.101 Form Menu Utama.............................................................................. 293 Gambar 4.102 Form Departemen ............................................................................... 294 Gambar 4.103 Form Jabatan....................................................................................... 295 xvii

Gambar 4.104 Form Golongan................................................................................... 296 Gambar 4.105 Form Status Kerja ............................................................................... 298 Gambar 4.106 Form Pendidikan................................................................................. 299 Gambar 4.107 Form Agama ....................................................................................... 300 Gambar 4.108 Form Status Menikah.......................................................................... 302 Gambar 4.109 Form Test............................................................................................ 303 Gambar 4.110 Form Karyawan .................................................................................. 304 Gambar 4.111 Form Keluarga Karyawan................................................................... 306 Gambar 4.112 Form Kepegawaian............................................................................. 307 Gambar 4.113 Form Bahasa Karyawan...................................................................... 308 Gambar 4.114 Form Bank Karyawan......................................................................... 310 Gambar 4.115 Form Pendidikan Karyawan ............................................................... 311 Gambar 4.116 Form Peringatan Karyawan ................................................................ 312 Gambar 4.117 Form Pelamar...................................................................................... 313 Gambar 4.118 Form Bahasa Pelamar ......................................................................... 315 Gambar 4.119 Form Keluarga Pelamar...................................................................... 316 Gambar 4.120 Form Pendidikan Pelamar................................................................... 317 Gambar 4.121 Form Organisasi Pelamar ................................................................... 318 Gambar 4.122 Form Pengalaman Pelamar ................................................................. 320 Gambar 4.123 Form Referensi Pelamar ..................................................................... 321 Gambar 4.124 Form Test Pelamar.............................................................................. 322 Gambar 4.125 Form Interview ................................................................................... 323 Gambar 4.126 Form Keahlian Pelamar ...................................................................... 325 Gambar 4.127 Form Man Power Planning................................................................. 326 xviii

Gambar 4.128 Form Detil Kebutuhan Karyawan....................................................... 328 Gambar 4.129 Form Request Karyawan .................................................................... 329 Gambar 4.130 Form Syarat Khusus ........................................................................... 331 Gambar 4.131 Form Cuti............................................................................................ 332 Gambar 4.132 Form Ijin ............................................................................................. 334 Gambar 4.133 Form Lembur ...................................................................................... 335 Gambar 4.134 Form Detil Lembur ............................................................................. 336 Gambar 4.135 Form Peringatan.................................................................................. 338 Gambar 4.136 Form Pemecatan ................................................................................. 340 Gambar 4.137 Form Rasionalisasi ............................................................................. 341 Gambar 4.138 Form Pengunduran Diri ...................................................................... 343 Gambar 4.139 Form Meninggal ................................................................................. 344 Gambar 4.140 Form Pensiun ...................................................................................... 346

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