Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Pr˚ ubˇehov´e budouc´ı ˇcasy aneb probˇehneme se.
Luk´aˇs R˚ uˇziˇcka
2013
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Vyjadˇrov´an´ı budoucnosti
Pomoc´ı slovesa will se nevyjadˇruje pouze jednoduch´a budoucnost, ale lze tak´e vyj´adˇrit budoucnost s pr˚ ubˇehov´ym i perfektn´ım zabarven´ım. Mluv´ıme po tom o ˇcase Jsou to n´asleduj´ıc´ı konstrukce: budouc´ım pr˚ ubˇehov´em (future progressive) pˇredbudouc´ım (future perfect) pˇredbudouc´ım pr˚ ubˇehov´em (future perfect progressive) V tomto uˇcebn´ım mater´alu se budeme vˇenovat budouc´ımu pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ emu a pˇredbudouc´ımu pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ emu.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Form´aln´ı tvoˇren´ı
Jejich tvoˇren´ı je pomˇernˇe jednoduch´e. Vyjdeme z jejich pˇr´ıtomn´ ych tvar˚ u a pˇrid´ame mod´aln´ı sloveso will. Takˇze: be speaking ⇒ will be speaking have been speaking ⇒ will have been speaking Z´apor a ot´azka se tvoˇr´ı klasick´ym zp˚ usobem, tedy pˇrid´an´ım not resp. inverz´ı. He will not be speaking. Will he be speaking?
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Budouc´ı pr˚ ubˇehov´y
Budouc´ı pr˚ ubˇehov´y tvar zd˚ urazˇ nuje, ˇze dˇej bude v dan´em okamˇziku v budoucnosti pr´avˇe prob´ıhat, nebude tedy jeˇstˇe ˇ ukonˇcen´y. Casto se pouˇz´ıv´a se sign´aln´ım slovem, ud´avaj´ıc´ım nˇejak´y konr´etn´ı ˇcasov´y bod, nebo ˇcasov´y u ´sek, o kter´y se jedn´a.
At 9 o’clock, we will be having breakfast. V t´eto vˇetˇe se dozv´ıd´ame, ˇze v 9 hodin bude prob´ıhat sn´ıdanˇe. Tzn. ˇze zaˇcne pˇred 9. a skonˇc´ı po 9.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Budouc´ı pr˚ ubˇehov´y
Kdyˇz bychom tot´eˇz vyj´adˇrili prost´ym budouc´ım ˇcasem, nebudeme schopni vyj´adˇrit ono prob´ıh´an´ı dˇeje, pouze ozn´am´ıme, ˇze k ˇcinnosti dojde.
We will have breakfast at 9 o’clock. V tomto pˇr´ıpadˇe bude v´yznam . . . v 9 hodin se nasn´ıd´ame“. Jak ” dlouho bude sn´ıdanˇe trvat nelze z t´eto vˇety vytuˇsit.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Budouc´ı pr˚ ubˇehov´y
Nˇekter´e situace ale vyˇzaduj´ı, abychom pr˚ ubˇeh dˇeje vyj´adˇrili, protoˇze na nˇej je vyj´adˇren d˚ uraz.
Do not come at 9 o’clock. I will be sleeping. Podobnˇe jako v tomto pˇr´ıkladu, kdy nˇekomu sdˇeluji, ˇze v urˇcenou hodinu budu jeˇstˇe sp´at“ a proto nechci b´yt ruˇsen. ”
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Cviˇcen´ı 1 — Doplˇnte budouc´ı pr˚ ubˇehov´y
1
At midnight we (sleep) .
2
This time next week we (sit) at the beach.
3
At nine I (watch) the news.
4
Tonight we (cram up) for our English test.
5
They (dance) all night.
6
He (not / play) all afternoon.
7
I (not / work) all day.
8
(eat / you) at six?
9
(drive / she) to London?
10
(fight / they) again?
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
ˇ sen´ı 1 — Doplˇnte budouc´ı pr˚ Reˇ ubˇehov´y
1
At midnight we will be sleeping.
2
This time next week we will be sitting at the beach.
3
At nine I will be watching the news.
4
Tonight we will be cramming up for our English test.
5
They will be dancing all night.
6
He will not be playing all afternoon.
7
I will not be working all day.
8
Will you be eating at six?
9
Will she be driving to London?
10
Will they be fighting again?
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Cviˇcen´ı 2 — Kter´a vˇeta se l´epe hod´ı?
1a I will wash the dishes later, mom. 1b I will be washing the dishes later, mom. 2a Tomorrow, she will work all day. 2b Tomorrow, she will be working all day. 3a Jack will switch on the TV. 3b Jack will be switching on the TV. 4a James will walk around noon. 4b James will be walking around noon. 5a They will watch a film all evening. 5b They will be watching a film all evening.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
ˇ sen´ı 2 — Kter´a vˇeta se l´epe hod´ı? Reˇ
1a I will wash the dishes later, mom. 1b I will be washing the dishes later, mom. 2a Tomorrow, she will work all day. 2b Tomorrow, she will be working all day. 3a Jack will switch on the TV. 3b Jack will be switching on the TV. 4a James will walk around noon. 4b James will be walking around noon. 5a They will watch a film all evening. 5b They will be watching a film all evening.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Srovn´an´ı dosavadn´ıch budouc´ıch ˇcas˚ u Pro lepˇs´ı pochopen´ı srovn´ame r˚ uzn´e budouc´ı ˇcasy (o nˇekter´ych jste se mohli dozvˇedˇet v pˇredch´azej´ıc´ıch uˇcebn´ıch materi´alech).
Paul will eat the cake at 2 p.m. Tato vˇeta n´as informuje, ˇze Paul sn´ı dort ve dvˇe hodiny. Jistˇe ho nezhltne nar´az, ale to nen´ı podstatn´e. Pokud bychom chtˇeli vidˇet, jak Paul j´ı dort, pˇrijdeme ve 2 hodiny a celou akci uvid´ıme od zaˇc´atku.
Paul will be eating the cake at 2 p.m. I zde m˚ uˇzeme ve dvˇe hodiny vidˇet Paula j´ıst dort, ale nestihneme zaˇc´atek, kter´y se odehr´al uˇz dˇr´ıve, protoˇze Paul ve dvˇe hodiny bude uprostˇred t´e ˇcinnosti.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Srovn´an´ı dosavadn´ıch budouc´ıch ˇcas˚ u
Kdyˇz pouˇzijeme pˇredbudouc´ı ˇcas, situace se opˇet ponˇekud zmˇen´ı.
Paul will have eaten the cake by 2 p.m. Ve dvˇe hodiny uˇz z akce neuvid´ıme nic, protoˇze dort bude snˇezen´y.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Pˇredbudouc´ı pr˚ ubˇehov´y
Pˇredbudouc´ı pr˚ ubˇehov´y m´a podobn´y v´yznam jako pˇredbudouc´ı prost´y, jenom daleko v´ıce zn´azorˇ nuje, ˇze popisovan´y dˇej zaˇcal dˇr´ıve neˇz v referenˇcn´ım bodˇe, ale neskonˇcil a pokraˇcoval aˇz do referenˇcn´ıho bodu.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Pˇredbudouc´ı pr˚ ubˇehov´y
Kdyˇz si znovu pˇredstav´ıme, jak vypad´a Paulovo jezen´ı dortu, tak v prvn´ım pˇr´ıpadˇe uˇz bude dort snˇezen´y.
Paul will have eaten the cake by 2 o’clock. Pouˇzijeme-li pr˚ ubˇehov´y ˇcas, bude situace vypadat jinak. Jeˇste uvid´ıme zbytky dortu a Paula, jak do sebe cpe posledn´ı sousta. Nav´ıc m˚ uˇzeme ˇr´ıci, jak dlouho uˇz ten dˇej trv´a (pˇredloˇzka for)
By 2 o’clock, Paul will have been eating the cake for two hours.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Cviˇcen´ı 3 — Doplˇnte tvar pˇredbudouc´ıho pr˚ ubˇehov´eho
1
By the end of the week I (work) here for four months.
2
By the end of this month we (live) together for six years.
3
By the end of the term she (study) for nine years.
4
By midnight we (play) this computer game for 48 hours.
5
She (talk) on the phone for the last couple of hours.
6
They (look for) me all night long.
7
He (play) soccer all day long.
8
You (watch) TV all the time.
9
He (not / sleep) all morning.
10
(wait / they) for 2 hours?
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Cviˇcen´ı 3 — Doplˇnte tvar pˇredbudouc´ıho pr˚ ubˇehov´eho 1
2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9 10
By the end of the week I will have been working here for four months. By the end of this month we will have been living together for six years. By the end of the term she will have been studying for nine years. By midnight we will have been playing this computer game for 48 hours. She will have been talking on the phone for the last couple of hours. They will have been looking for me all night long. He will have been playing soccer all day long. You will have been watching TV all the time. He will not have been sleeping all morning. Will they have been sleeping for 2 hours? Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
Prohl´aˇsen´ı
Prohlaˇsuji, ˇze tento uˇcebn´ı materi´al je m´ym duˇsevn´ım vlastnictv´ım, vˇcetnˇe veˇsker´e grafiky. Uˇcebn´ı materi´al byl vytvoˇren pomoc´ı leg´aln´ıho software: Operaˇcn´ı syst´em Archlinux S´azec´ı syst´em LATEX 2ε Vektorov´y program Inkscape Mgr. Luk´aˇs R˚ uˇziˇcka, 2013.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ e budouc´ı ˇ casy
