Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Podm´ınkov´e vˇety aneb D´av´a t´ata ultim´ata? Luk´aˇs R˚ uˇziˇcka
2013
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Podm´ınkov´e vˇety Podm´ınkov´e vˇety se ˇr´ık´a podm´ınkov´ym souvˇet´ım, kter´e se skl´adaj´ı pˇrev´aˇznˇe ze dvou (hlavn´ı a vedlejˇs´ı) vˇet a jsou spojeny spojkou if.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Poˇrad´ı podm´ınkov´ych vˇet Na jejich poˇrad´ı nez´aleˇz´ı. Nˇekter´e zaˇc´ınaj´ı hlavn´ı vˇetou . . .
. . . a jin´e vˇetou vedlejˇs´ı.
Jestliˇze podm´ınkov´a vˇeta zaˇc´ın´a vedlejˇs´ı vˇetou, je mezi vˇetami ˇc´arka. Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Vedlejˇs´ı versus hlavn´ı vˇeta
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Vedlejˇs´ı versus hlavn´ı vˇeta
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Vedlejˇs´ı versus hlavn´ı vˇeta
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Vedlejˇs´ı versus hlavn´ı vˇeta
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Shrnut´ı
Co zat´ım v´ıme o podm´ınkov´ych souvˇet´ıch? 1
Skl´adaj´ı se z vˇety hlavn´ı a vedlejˇs´ı1
2
Vedlejˇs´ı vˇeta je uvozena spojkou IF.
3
Na poˇrad´ı nez´aleˇz´ı.
1
V nˇekter´ych pˇr´ıpadˇech m˚ uˇze b´yt jedna z vˇet vynech´ ana, protoˇze je z kontextu jasn´ a. Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Typy podm´ınkov´ych vˇet
Podm´ınkov´e souvˇet´ı v angliˇctinˇe se dˇel´ı na 4 typy. Tyto se snadno poznaj´ı podle jin´ych slovesn´ych tvar˚ u. St´al´a pravda (Zero Conditional) Podm´ınka re´aln´a v pˇr´ıtomnosti (First Conditional) Podm´ınka nere´aln´a v pˇr´ıtomnosti (Second Conditional) Podm´ınka nere´aln´a v minulosti (Third Conditional) Kaˇzd´y podm´ınkov´y typ m´a jin´y v´yznam. O tom pozdˇeji.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Pˇrehled — St´al´a pravda
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
St´al´a pravda
Kdyˇz chceme vyj´adˇrit, ˇze nˇeco se automaticky dˇeje, pokud se dˇeje nˇeco jin´eho, m˚ uˇzeme to vyj´adˇrit podm´ınkou typu 0 (st´alou pravdou).
If it rains, we stay at home. V obou vˇet´ach, hlavn´ı i vedlejˇs´ı, je pouˇzit´y pˇr´ıtomn´ y prost´ yˇ cas. Spojku if bychom mohli pˇreloˇzit jako kdyˇ z, kdykoliv. V´yznam tohoto souvˇet´ı by znˇel
Kdyˇz prˇs´ı, z˚ ust´av´ame doma. Jedn´a se v podstatˇe o rutinn´ı zvyk, kter´y je dodrˇzov´an.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Pˇrehled — Re´aln´a v pˇr´ıtomnosti
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Re´aln´a v pˇr´ıtomnosti Re´aln´a podm´ınka v pˇr´ıtomnosti m´a, navzdory sv´emu n´azvu, ˇ ık´a n´am, ˇze dˇej pod podm´ınkou je re´alnˇe budouc´ı platnost. R´ moˇzn´y, m˚ uˇze b´yt splnˇen a pokud bude, nastane tak´e dˇej ve vˇetˇe hlavn´ı.
If we have money, we will buy the new book by Dan Brown. Ve vˇetˇe vedlejˇs´ı (po if) je pouˇzit´y pˇr´ıtomn´ y prost´ yˇ cas. Ve vˇetˇe hlavn´ı je pouˇzito will + infinitiv. Spojku if bychom mohli pˇreloˇzit jako kdyˇ z, jestliˇ ze. V´yznam tohoto souvˇet´ı by znˇel
Kdyˇz budeme m´ıt pen´ıze, koup´ıme si novou knihu od Dana Browna. Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Pˇrehled — Nere´aln´a v pˇr´ıtomnosti
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Nere´aln´a v pˇr´ıtomnosti
Nere´aln´a podm´ınka v pˇr´ıtomnosti n´am ˇr´ık´a, ˇze dˇej pod podm´ınkou nen´ı re´alnˇe moˇzn´y, nem˚ uˇze b´yt splnˇen a proto tak´e nenastane dˇej ve vˇetˇe hlavn´ı. Tato podm´ınka se vztahuje na pˇr´ıtomnost.
If she loved me, I would marry her. Ve vˇetˇe vedlejˇs´ı (po if) je pouˇzit´y minul´ y prost´ yˇ cas. Ve vˇetˇe hlavn´ı je pouˇzito would + infinitiv. Spojku if bychom mohli pˇreloˇzit jako kdyby. V´yznam tohoto souvˇet´ı by znˇel
Kdyby mˇe milovala, vzal bych si ji.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Pˇrehled — Nere´aln´a v minulosti
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Nere´aln´a v minulosti Nere´aln´a podm´ınka v minulosti n´am ˇr´ık´a, co by se bylo stalo v minulosti, kdyby podm´ınka byla b´yvala splnˇena. Protoˇze splnˇena nebyla, druh´y dˇej se tak´e nikdy nemohl st´at. Podm´ınka se odkazuje na minulost.
If you had waited for me yesterday, we could have gone to the cinema. Ve vˇetˇe vedlejˇs´ı (po if) je pouˇzit´y pˇredminul´ y prost´ yˇ cas. Ve vˇetˇe hlavn´ı je pouˇzito would + have + pˇr´ıˇ cest´ı minul´ e. Spojku if bychom mohli pˇreloˇzit jako kdyby. V´yznam tohoto souvˇet´ı by znˇel
Kdyby jsi na mˇe byla vˇcera poˇckala, byli bychom mohli j´ıt spolu do kina. Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
ˇ Casov´ y posun mezi podm´ınkami
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
ˇ Casov´ y posun mezi podm´ınkami
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
ˇ Casov´ y posun mezi podm´ınkami
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
ˇ Casov´ y posun mezi podm´ınkami
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Cviˇcen´ı 1 — Doplˇnte spr´avn´y tvar slovesa 1
I always call him if I (need) something.
2
Your parents would be really happy if you (pass) your final exams.
3
She won’t do it if you (not ask) her nicely.
4
Keep the book if you (want).
5
If you had a car, you (can travel) around more easily.
6
If I had taken your advice, it (not happen) to me.
7
I ’ll buy the book if it (have) more illustrations.
8
You’re going to the mountains at the weekend? What will you do if it (rain)?
9
If he had the money, he (buy) a new computer.
10
If I were you, I (tell) them the truth.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
ˇ sen´ı 1 Reˇ 1
I always call him if I need something.
2
Your parents would be really happy if you passed your final exams.
3
She won’t do it if you don’t ask her nicely.
4
Keep the book if you want.
5
If you had a car, you could travel around more easily.
6
If I had taken your advice, it wouldn’t have happened to me.
7
I’ll buy the book if it has more illustrations.
8
You’re going to the mountains at the weekend? What will you do if it rains?
9
If he had the money, he would buy a new computer.
10
If I were you, I would tell them the truth.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Cviˇcen´ı 2 — Doplˇnte spr´avn´y tvar slovesa
1
You have to study hard if you (want) to be a lawyer.
2
Don’t touch the dog. It (bite) you if you did.
3
If I were taller, I (can play) basketball.
4
I want to know if you (come) back next year.
5
If you (not hurry), you’ll be late for work.
6
Would you mind if I (open) the window for a minute?
7
If you (speak) English, it would be easier for you to find a job.
8
If he (not be) so rich, she would never marry him.
9
What will she think of me if she (find) out the truth?
10
Don’t hesitate to call me if you (need) anything.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
ˇ sen´ı 2 Reˇ
1
You have to study hard if you want to be a lawyer.
2
Don’t touch the dog. It would bite you if you did.
3
If I were taller, I could play basketball.
4
I want to know if you come back next year.
5
If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late for work.
6
Would you mind if I opened the window for a minute?
7
If you spoke English, it would be easier for you to find a job.
8
If he wasn’t so rich, she would never marry him.
9
What will she think of me if she finds out the truth?
10
Don’t hesitate to call me if you need anything.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
Prohl´aˇsen´ı
Prohlaˇsuji, ˇze tento uˇcebn´ı materi´al je m´ym duˇsevn´ım vlastnictv´ım, vˇcetnˇe veˇsker´e grafiky. Uˇcebn´ı materi´al byl vytvoˇren pomoc´ı leg´aln´ıho software: Operaˇcn´ı syst´em Archlinux S´azec´ı syst´em LATEX 2ε Vektorov´y program Inkscape Mgr. Luk´aˇs R˚ uˇziˇcka, 2013.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Podm´ınkov´ e vˇ ety
