Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Going to aneb Pl´anuji, ˇze seknu s pl´anov´an´ım.
Luk´aˇs R˚ uˇziˇcka
2013
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Vyjadˇrov´an´ı budoucnosti Angliˇctina nem´a ˇz´adn´y gramatick´y budouc´ı ˇcas, tak jak ho zn´ame z jin´ych jazyk˚ u. Pom´ah´a si tedy r˚ uzn´ymi gramatick´ymi konstrukcemi, kter´e maj´ı budouc´ı v´ yznam. Kaˇzdou z nich lze pouˇz´ıt, ale z´aroveˇ n kaˇzd´a m´a jin´ y v´ yznam pro vn´ım´an´ı budoucnosti. To mus´ıme m´ıt na zˇreteli. Jsou to n´asleduj´ıc´ı konstrukce: budoucnost vyj´adˇren´a pomoc´ı mod´aln´ıho slovesa will budoucnost vyj´adˇren´a pomoc´ı vazby going to budoucnost vyj´adˇren´a pomoc´ı pˇr´ıtomn´ eho pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ eho ˇcasu budoucnost vyj´adˇren´a pomoc´ı pˇr´ıtomn´ eho prost´ eho ˇcasu V tomto uˇcebn´ım mater´alu se budeme vˇenovat vazbˇe going to Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Form´aln´ı tvoˇren´ı — going to
Z hlediska formy se budouc´ı konstrukce s going to tvoˇr´ı podle vzoru:
BE going to + infinitive tedy:
be going to sleep
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Pˇr´ıklady
N´asleduj´ıc´ı tabulka ukazuje ˇcasov´an´ı kontstrukce going + inf. Oznamovac´ı I am going . . . You are going . . . He is going . . . She is going . . . It is going . . . We are going . . . You are going . . . They are going . . .
Z´ apor I am not going . . . You are not going . . . He is not going . . . She is not going . . . It is not going . . . We are not going . . . You are not going . . . They are not going . . .
Ot´ azka Am I going . . . ? Are you going . . . ? Is he going . . . ? Is she going . . . ? Is it going . . . ? Are we going . . . ? Are you going . . . ? Are they going . . . ?
Pozn´amka: Tvary byly kv˚ uli u ´spoˇre m´ısta zkr´aceny.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Funkce going to
Budoucnost vyj´adˇren´a pomoc´ı vazby going to m˚ uˇze m´ıt dva r˚ uzn´e v´yznamy. 1
osobn´ı pl´an ˇci budouc´ı z´amˇer
2
nevyhnuteln´a budoucnost
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Osobn´ı pl´an
Pokud jsme o budoucnosti uˇz uvaˇzovali a zaˇcali nav´ıc podnikat urˇcit´e kroky k jej´ımu naplnˇen´ı, potom hovoˇr´ıme o tom, ˇze to je tzv. pl´anovan´a budoucnost a pro jej´ı vyj´adˇren´ı pouˇz´ıv´ame vazbu going to.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Osobn´ı pl´an
He is going to fly to New York City. Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Dalˇs´ı pˇr´ıklady
1
I am going to read the new book by Dan Brown.
2
She is going to decorate her flat.
3
We are going to invite all schoolmates.
4
Paul is going to buy a kite.
5
Tom and Elsa are going to get married.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Potvrzen´y pl´an (dohoda)
Kdyˇz si napl´anujeme nˇejakou aktivitu v budoucnosti a tento pl´an si oboustrannˇe zajist´ıme, mluv´ıme o nˇem potom za pouˇzit´ı pˇr´ıtomn´ eho pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ eho ˇ casu s odpov´ıdaj´ıc´ım budouc´ım ukazatelem. Narozd´ıl od osobn´ıho z´amˇeru, ke kter´emu nemus´ı jeˇstˇe doj´ıt, zde m´ame potvrzenou dohodu, ke kter´e doj´ıt uˇz mus´ı.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Pˇr´ıklad
Kdyˇz chci jet na v´ylet k tetˇe, m˚ uˇzu zaˇc´ıt pl´anovat jak a kdy tam pojedu. V tuto chv´ıli m˚ uˇzu ˇr´ıct, ˇze:
I am going to visit my aunt next weekend. V momentˇe, kdy o tomto m´em pl´anu budu informovat tetu samotnou a m˚ uj pl´an se stane oboustrannˇe potvrzen´ym pl´anem, nebo vz´ajemnou dohodou, budu o budoucnosti referovat takto:
I am visiting my aunt next weekend.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Pozor Pozor! Nˇekdy se n´am mohou pl´est going to a pˇr´ıtomn´ y pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ yˇ cas, zvl´aˇst’ tehdy, obsahuj´ı-li tyto konstrukce sloveso go. N´asleduj´ıc´ı tvar je pˇr´ıtomn´ y pr˚ ubˇ ehov´ y:
Johny is going to Prague next week. N´asleduj´ıc´ı tvar je vazba going to. Vˇsimnˇete si, ˇze narozd´ıl od t´e prvn´ı obsahuje tato sloveso go“ dvakr´ at. Jednou jako ˇc´ast dan´e ” vazby a podruh´e jako v´yznamov´e sloveso.
Johny is going to go to Prague next week. Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Nevyhnuteln´a budoucnost
O nevyhnuteln´e budoucnosti hovoˇr´ıme tehdy, m˚ uˇzeme-li jiˇz v pˇr´ıtomnosti pozorovat dˇeje, kter´e nevyhnutelnˇe spˇej´ı k nˇejak´emu konci a tento konec povaˇzujeme za t´emˇeˇr za jist´y. Pro vyj´adˇren´ı takov´eto jistoty tak´e pouˇz´ıv´ame vazbu going to.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Nevyhnuteln´a budoucnost
He is going to fall down.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Dalˇs´ı pˇr´ıklady
1
The car is going very fast. It is going to crash.
2
Look at her, she is going to have a baby.
3
Look at the clouds, it is going to rain.
4
Blonde: A banana skin on the pavement? I am going to fall.
5
The patient has massive bleeding, he is going to die.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Cviˇcen´ı Doplˇ nte slovesa v z´avorce do vˇet za pouˇzit´ı vazby going to“. ” 1 He (to phone) his friend. 2
We (to play) a new computer game.
3
My sister (to watch) TV.
4
You (to have) a picnic next Tuesday.
5
Jane (to go) to the office.
6
They (to walk) to the bus stop this afternoon.
7
His brother (to write) a letter to his uncle today.
8
She (to visit) her aunt.
9
I (to do) my homework after school.
10
Sophie and Nick (to meet) their friends.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
ˇ sen´ı Reˇ Doplˇ nte slovesa v z´avorce do vˇet za pouˇzit´ı vazby going to“. ” 1 He is going to phone his friend. 2
We are going to play a new computer game.
3
My sister is going to watch TV.
4
You are going to have a picnic next Tuesday.
5
Jane is going to go to the office.
6
They are going to walk to the bus stop this afternoon.
7
His brother is going to write a letter to his uncle today.
8
She is going to visit her aunt.
9
I am going to do my homework after school.
10
Sophie and Nick are going to meet their friends.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
Prohl´aˇsen´ı
Prohlaˇsuji, ˇze tento uˇcebn´ı materi´al je m´ym duˇsevn´ım vlastnictv´ım, vˇcetnˇe veˇsker´e grafiky. Uˇcebn´ı materi´al byl vytvoˇren pomoc´ı leg´aln´ıho software: Operaˇcn´ı syst´em Archlinux S´azec´ı syst´em LATEX 2ε Vektorov´y program Inkscape Mgr. Luk´aˇs R˚ uˇziˇcka, 2013.
Luk´ aˇs R˚ uˇziˇ cka
Going to
