Peran Riset dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional

Kuliah Umum

Peran Riset dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional Benyamin Lakitan

Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa 14 November 2014

Amanah Konstitusi

“Pemerintah memajukan iptek dengan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai agama dan persatuan bangsa untuk memajukan peradaban serta kesejahteraan umat manusia” Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Pasal 31 Ayat (5)

Tantangan ke Depan

OBJECTIVES

More food

• POPULATION GROWTH

Higher quality Safer

• CONVERSION • DEGRADATION

Less land Less water

• HUMAN ACTIVITIES

Climate changes CONSTRAINTS

The Challenges

• ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Land Conversion Increase Urban Area

Land Degradation

Decrease Availability

Population Growth Agric. Intensification

Agricultural Land

Food Demand Agric. Extensification Income Growth

Animal-based Food Demand

Increase Demand

Use of resources has reached substantial proportions

• In 2005, agriculture occupied about 38% of the global land area (FAOSTAT, 2007) • Agriculture would need an area equivalent to one half and two-third of the current terrestrial land area by 2030 and 2070, respectively Schneider et al. (2011)

SESUAI 100,7 juta hektar

UNTUK PERTANIAN

DIKELOLA

Sesuai

34%

Belum

36%

54%

Tidak Sesuai

46%

Sudah

64% TOTAL 188,2 juta hektar DIKELOLA 64,1 juta hektar

INDONESIA

CLIMATE CHANGE

BURDEN ON LAND

FOOD PRICE

BIOFUEL

FOOD DEMAND INCREASE

DIRECT

PRODUCTIVITY

ENERGY DEMAND INCREASE

CONVERSION

OTHER DEMANDS FOR LAND

RESIDENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRIES

POPULATION GROWTH 6.5 billion to 9 billion by 2050

OIL PRICE

http://benyaminlakitan.com

Land Availability

Increase in demand for food and agricultural products, decrease in land availability, and effort to improve farmers’ prosperity have led to urgency for intensifying agricultural activities and improving value of produced products

Land conversion

Population growth Food & Non-food demands Prosperity increase

Intensive agriculture

Limited Availabile land

Required agricultural Land Land degradation

BIO INDUSTRY Efficient use of resources

SQHV agricultural products

Water scarcity, not a lack of arable land, that will be the major constraint to increased food production over the next few decades

Hanjra and Qureshi (2010)

Hanjra and Qureshi (2010)

• Only 19% of agricultural land cultivated through irrigation supplies 40% of the world’s food (Molden et al., 2010) • Irrigated agriculture is the dominant user of water, accounting for about 80% of global water use (Molden et al., 2007).

Kondisi yang Dituju

Boleh dari impor (policy brief FAO 2006)

UU Pangan 2012

adalah kondisi terpenuhinya pangan bagi negara sampai dengan perseorangan, yang tercermin dari tersedianya pangan yang cukup, baik jumlah maupun mutunya, aman, beragam, bergizi, merata, dan terjangkau serta tidak bertentangan dengan agama, keyakinan, dan budaya masyarakat, untuk dapat hidup sehat, aktif, dan produktif secara berkelanjutan. World Food Summit, 1996


Ketahanan Pangan

UU Pangan 2012

adalah kemampuan negara dan bangsa dalam memproduksi pangan yang beraneka ragam dari dalam negeri yang dapat menjamin pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan yang cukup sampai di tingkat perseorangan dengan memanfaatkan potensi sumber daya alam, manusia, sosial, ekonomi, dan kearifan lokal secara bermartabat.


Kemandirian Pangan

UU Pangan 2012

adalah hak negara dan bangsa yang secara mandiri menentukan kebijakan pangan yang menjamin hak atas pangan bagi rakyat dan yang memberikan hak bagi masyarakat untuk menentukan sistem pangan yang sesuai dengan potensi sumber daya lokal. Declaration of Nyéléni, 2007


Kedaulatan Pangan

ORIENTASI KONSUMEN

• •

ORIENTASI PRODUSEN

STABILITY

SUSTAINABLE

UTILIZATION

WELFARE

ACCESS

ECO-FRIENDLY

AVAILABILITY

LOCAL RESOURCES

SECURITY

SOVEREIGNTY

EKONOMI POLITIK

• •

INKLUSIF EKOLOGIS

Peluang Berkiprah

OFF FARM

AGROINDUSTRI

ON FARM SAPROTAN [INPUT]

PENANGANAN HASIL BUDIDAYA [PRODUKSI]

ALSINTAN [INPUT]

PEMASARAN PENGOLAHAN HASIL

LEMBAGA PENUNJANG

Lakitan (2011)

AGROINDUSTRI HILIR Penurunan Kehilangan Hasil

BUDIDAYA

AGROINDUSTRI HULU Peningkatan Produksi

Riset Pangan BIOMATERIAL

TEKNO BUDIDAYA

SISTEM INFO & PEMASARAN

TEKNO KEMASAN

GIZI

pasar

saprotan

PEMULIAAN & TEKNO BENIH

produksi alsintan

RANCANG-BANGUN ALSIN

distribusi

konsumsi

pasca panen

TEKNO PENGOLAHAN

TEKNO TRANSPORTASI

KULINER TEKNO KEAMANAN PANGAN

Aksi yang Relevan

Technology is clearly needed to increase productivity. Agriculture-related colleges and research institutions in Indonesia have the required capacity to develop agricultural technology. However, ...

R&D Capacity http://benyaminlakitan.com

Not DemandDriven

... most of the indigenous technologies are not relevant to real needs and/or problems of domestic farmers. Even if the technologies are substantially relevant; in many cases, they are not finacially affordable by domestic farmers, do not significantly increase profit if used, and/or less competitive compared to similar technologies available in the market.


Sistem Inovasi 1 INFORMASI KEBUTUHAN & PROBLEMA SENSITIVITAS

Perguruan Tinggi PENGEMBANG TEKNOLOGI

KETERBUKAAN

Fasilitator Intermediator Regulator

PENGGUNA TEKNOLOGI

RELEVANSI KAPASITAS ADOPSI

2 PAKET TEKNOLOGI

Petani

• The World Bank (2010)


What is not disseminated and used is not an innovation


4 Pre-requisites for Technology to be Used 1. Relevant to User’s Need 2. Within Range of User’s Absorptive Capacity 3. Increase Profit 4. Competitive to Similar Technology Available in the Market

Required Technology

Socially Inclusive Transforming current traditional agriculture into bioindustry-oriented agribusiness should be executed by gradually inserting newly introduced practices while continuing traditional ones so that local community will not be left behind.



Inclusive & Gradual

Traditional knowledge and local wisdom have to be treated as reference in developing technology for establishing productive agriculture

Accumulated Experiences

Local Wisdom

Developed Technology


Traditional Knowledge

Grassroots Innovation

New Perspective on Sustainable Agriculture (Lakitan, 2014)

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

GRASSROOTS INNOVATION

SOCIAL DIMENSION

ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION


PRODUCTIVE

ECONOMIC DIMENSION


Peran Riset dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional

Recommend Documents