SABAH PENENTUAN BATAS DARAT NKRI DENGAN NEGARA TETANGGA: PERMASALAHAN DAN TANTANGANNYA B.2700-B.3100
Tg. Datu
C.500-C.600
P.Sebatik
G. Raya
S. Buan
SARAWAK
S. Simantipal S. Sinapad
PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR Batu Aum D. 400
PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT
BG. (Ret.) Makmur Supriyatno
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION 2. Related Sciences 3. Planning Process
1. THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHY
4. BASIC LAW
5. STEPS JOINT SURVEY & DEMARCATION
6. STEPS OF JOINT MEETING 7. PROBLEMS AND CHALLANGES
LAND INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY
8. OBP
CITIZENS GOVERNMENT
STATE
TERRITORIES
INTERNATIONAL RELATION
INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY
LAND
IRIAN-PNG
NTT-TIMLE
MARITIME
KALIIMANTAN-MAL
2004 KM + OBP
AIR
GEOGRAFI
Geography Techniques
Physical Geography
Human Geography History (Historycal Geography)
Engineering (Remote Sensing)
Penology (Soils Geography)
Meteorology (Climatology)
Biology (BioGeography)
Statistics (Quantitative Methods in Geography)
Geology (Geomorpholog y)
Political Science (Political Geography)
Economics (Economic Geography)
Geodesy (Cartography)
Computer Sciene (GIS)
LAND INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY
Anthropology /Psychology, Sociology (Behavioral Geography) Demography (Population Geography)
Reconnaissance
GEOGRAFI
Geodesy To define geographical Phenomenon
Law
Engineering Management
Measuring/ Surveying History Demarcations International Law
National Law
Ethnography Boundary Pillars
Conventions/ Agreements
Computer Science
Ratifications Adoption to National Law System
LAND INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY
Technical: International Law
Conventions/ Agreements Short Range Study the Conventions and/or Agreements
Bilateral Meeting
Grand Planning
-Human Resources (competencies of surveyors or technical supports and non technical supports); -Equipments (GPS Receivers, measurements, drawing, etc.) -Software (segmentations, mechanism on the field, technical mechanism, standards of accuracies) ; -Resources (map, satellite images, aerial photographs, list of ground control points, histories, etc.)
SURVEY PROCEDURE (Software)
PRACTICAL EXERCISE (Separate Nation)
Non-technical: Middle Range
Long Range
-Organizations; - Financials/Budget System; -Political Considerations (International/National); -Transportation System; -Security System (military uniforms, arms/weapons, badges, etc); -Logistics System; -Communications System; -Working Period; -Point of Entry; -Helicopter Crossing;
Joint FIELD WORK (SURVEY & DEMARCATION)
-- Date commencement; FEED BACK
International Law
Conventions/ Agreements
Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands defining Boundaries in Borneo, signed at London, dated 20th of June 1891
Protocol between Great Britain and The Netherlands, Relative to the Boundarybetween the State of North Borneo and the Dutch Possession in Borneo, signed at London dated 28th of September 1915
MoU 1973 (SURVEY PROCEDUR)
IST Joint FIELD WORK (SURVEY & DEMARCATION)
REVISE SURVEY PROCEDUR 1989
Joint SURVEY & DEMARCATION Convention between The United Kingdom and The Netherlands, signed at Hague dated 26 of March 1928.
MoU
Team Leader
Sign
Field Plan (Peta Lapangan) Travers & Height Plan (Peta Detail)
Chief of Field Parties
Technical Progress Report Special Report Sign Field Plan Sign Travers & Height Plan Proposals Planning for the Next Program.
Technical Progress Report Special Report Sign Field Plan Sign Travers & Height Plan Other Matters Proposals Planning for the Next Program.
Head of Joint Technical Committee
Technical Progress Report Special Report Sign Field Plan Sign Travers & Height Plan Other Matters Proposals Planning for the Next Program.
Minutes of Meeting Field Plan Draft Maps of MoU
Head of National Committee
Minutes of Meeting Signing MoU Map of MoU
Co-Project Director
Report (s) Field Plan Travers & Height Plan
Minutes of Meeting Field Plan Travers & Height Plan
Pejabat 1974-Sekarang: Perwira Dittopad (Kapten CTP) 1 Sektor = 1 CFP (Masings membawahi 2 Team) 2 Sektor = 2 CFP (Sektor Timur & Sektor Barat) Pejabat 1974-Sekarang: Perwira Dittopad (Kolonel CTP) 1 Sektor 1 CPD (Masings membawahi 2 Team) 2 Sektor = 2 CPD (Sektor Timur & Sektor Barat)
Problems and Challenges to Define/Understand the Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969, Convention 1891, 1915 and 1928 on the First Survey & Demarcation
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Problems and Challenges to Define/Understand
the Convention on the Law of Treaties, 23 May 1969 Article 2, Use the terms, 1. (c) “full powers” means a document emanating from the component authority of a State designating a persons to represent the State for negotiating, adopting of authenticating the text of a treaty, for expressing the consent of the State to be bound by a treaty, or for accomplishing any other act with respect to treaty; Article 26 “Pacta sunt Servanda, Every treaty in force is binding upon the parties to it and must be performed by them in good faith”;
Article 29 “Territorial scope of treaty, unless a different intention appears from treaty or is otherwise established, a treaty is binding upon each party in respect of its entire territory” Article 62 Fundamental change of circumstances “2. A fundamental change of circumstances may not be invoked as a ground for terminating or withdrawing from a treaty. (a) if the treaty establishes a boundary; or ….. (rebus sic stantibus) Catatan: 1. Chairman di berikan full power oleh Pemerintah Para Pihak; 2. Memorandum of Understanding (MoU ) tidak ada dalam terminologi the Law of Treaty; 3. MoU ditandangani Chairman JBC Indonesia-Malaysia; 4. Pertanyaannya: Apakah sebuah MoU sama dan setingkat dengan sebuah Treaty?
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International Law
Conventions/ Agreements
Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands defining Boundaries in Borneo, signed at London, dated 20th of June 1891
Protocol between Great Britain and The Netherlands, Relative to the Boundarybetween the State of North Borneo and the Dutch Possession in Borneo, signed at London dated 28th of September 1915
Joint SURVEY & DEMARCATION
MoU
FULL POWER
International Law ? ADOPTION TO NATIONAL LAW
RATIFICATION ? Convention between The United Kingdom and The Netherlands, signed at Hague dated 26 of March 1928.
DPR + PEMERINTAH = UNDANGUNDANG
Problems and Challenges to Define/Understand
The Convention 1891, 1915 and 1928 on the First Survey & Demarcation
Principles Descriptive Boundary Line Deskripsi bersifat “umum”; Menerjemahkan deskripsi bersifat “umum” Convention, untuk dibumikan atau diterjemahkan di lapangan/di medan; Garis batas memotong Pulau sebitik (Sebatik) pada 4⁰ 10 ‘ dilanjutkan ke arah Timur; Garis batas mengikuti “watershed”; Garis batas memotong Sungai; Garis batas mengikuti sebelah kanan Sungai—dari arah sebelah Timur.
Problems and Challenges to Define/Understand
The Convention 1891, 1915 and 1928 on the Before Survey & Demarcation (1973) Di SEKTOR TIMUR (Sebagian Provinsi Kaltim/Sabah) Sungai yang memotong watershed, yaitu: Sungai Pentjiangan (GP 1); Sungai Agisan (GP 2) dan Sungai Sebuda (GP 3)—terletak di Kaltim/Sabah; Titik tengah (middle line) Muara Terusan Tambu; Penggunaan teknik “Astronomi” untuk pengukuran Pulau Sebatik;
Di SEKTOR Barat (Provinsi Kalbar dan sebagian Provinsi Kaltim/Sabah)
Tanjung Datu ada watershed—sesuai dengan Convention, namun setelah itu tidak ada watershed—relatif datar tidak sesuai dengan Convention; Gunung Raya—isi Convensi 1928 tidak sesuai dengan kondisi di lapangan; Batu Aum—isi Convensi 1928 tidak sesuai dengan kondisi di lapangan; Gunung Jagoi (Poko Payung) garis batas mengikuti tepi kanan Sungai Boewan menjapai Sungai Berenas—tidak jelas di lapangan.
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Technical Problems and Challenges on the First Survey & Demarcation (1974)
Indonesia tidak punya “Datum” yang dekat dengan “Border”—pakai datum Malaysia; Harusnya ada “Datum bersama”; System Proyeksi Peta menggunakan Proyeksi Rectified Screw Orthomorphic” (RSO)—proyeksi peta Malaysia; Menentukan “watershed” dan “BUKAN watershed” di lapangan/di medan; Human Resources Expertise and Skill; Experience in survey & demarcation; Equipments (T0, T2, EDM, etc.)—dimiliki Indonesia; Topographic Maps (1 : 50.000 and >)—Indonesia tidak punya; Other resources (satellite image, aerial photography, etc.); Understanding terminologies in technological aspects.
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Non-Technical Problems and Challenges in Conducted First Survey & Demarcation (1974)
Uninvolved of Lawyers; Experience in survey & demarcation; Accessibilities to reach the border area; Government support; Only Military had personnel, knowledge, capabilities to do the job at the time; Negotiators; Standard Competency.
equipments,
and
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Non-technical Problems and Challenges on the Survey & Demarcation
Uninvolved of Lawyers; Human Resources Expertise and Skill—TOD and TOA; Tidak ada Organisasi yang Concern terhadap “garis batas Internasional”— BNPP—mengkoordinasikan pembangunan—tidak mengelola garis batas; Equipments; Sampai dengan 2004 Indonesia punyai Topographic Maps (1 : 50.000 and >) and other resources (satellite image, etc.) Accessibilities to reach the border area; Political situation; Economical situation; Government support; Negotiators; Standard Competency; Understanding terminologies; etc.
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OUTSTANDING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS (OBP)
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10 OUTSTANDING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS (OBP) DALAM SURVEI DAN PENEGASAN BATAS INDONESIA (PROVINSI KALBAR & KALTIM DAN MALAYSIA (SARAWAK-SABAH) SABAH B.2700-B.3100
Tg. Datu C.500-C.600
P.Sebatik
G. Raya S. Buan
SARAWAK
S. Simantipal S. Sinapad
PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR Batu Aum D. 400
PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT
SEKTOR TIMUR (Sebagian Garis Batas Provinsi Kaltim – Sabah)
a.Pulau Sebatik; b.Priority Area II (B-C) Sinapad Sesai River; c. Priority Area II (B-C) Simantipal River; d.Priority Area II (B-C) B 2700-B 3100; 5 e.Priority Area III (C-D) C 500-C 600.
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SEKTOR BARAT (Garis Batas Provinsi Kalbar dan sebagian Gari Batas Provinsi Kaltim – Sabah)
1)Priority Area III (D-E) Gunung Raya; 2)Priority Area III (D-E) D 400; 3)Priority Area VI (E-F) Batu Aum; 4)Priority Area VI (E-F) Gunung Jagoi; dan 5)Priority Area I (A-C) Tanjung Datu (A88 – A 156).
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Konstruksi dan Dimensi Tugu Batas Indonesia - Malaysia
Tugu Type A
Tugu Type C
Tugu Type B
Tugu Type D
SEKIAN DAN TERIMAKASIH
TANYA & JAWAB
