GRAMMATICAL COHESION FOUND IN THE MOVIE SCRIPT OF G.I. JOE: THE RISE OF COBRA WRITTEN BY STUART BEATTIE
By CICIK SRI RAHAYU NIM 200732144
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHING TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS 2012
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GRAMMATICAL COHESION FOUND IN THE MOVIE SCRIPT OF G.I. JOE: THE RISE OF COBRA WRITTEN BY STUART BEATTIE
SKRIPSI Presented to the University of Muria Kudus in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in English Education
By CICIK SRI RAHAYU NIM 200732144
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHING TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS 2012
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO There is happiness when another smile cause of me. When we believe and sure about something, do it. The big change started from little change in our self.
DEDICATION The „skripsi‟ is dedicated to: Bapak Sumadi and ibu Suwarti . Her beloved brothers Budiyanto and Sutriyono. The only one sister, Erna Fitriyani. Her husband Bambang Rusmanto. Her beautiful baby, Noura Lathifiya Azzahra as a miracle in her live.
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ADVISORS' APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Sarjana Skripsi of Cicik Sri Rahayu has been approved by the thesis advisors for further approval by the Examining Committee.
Kudus,
September 2012
Advisor I
Dr. Slamet Utomo, M. Pd. NIP. 19621219 198703 2 001
Advisor II
Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd, M.Pd. NIS. 0610701000001207
Acknowledged by The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd NIP. 19560619-198503-1-002
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EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL This is to certify that the Skripsi of Hasna Fashla (2007-32-212) has been approved by the Examining Committee as a requirement for the Sarjana Degree in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language.
Kudus, 29 September 2012 Skripsi Examining Committee:
Ahdi Riyono, S.S, M.Hum NIS. 0610701000001160
Chairperson
Diah Kurniati, S.Pd, M.Pd NIS. 0610701000001190
Member
Nuraeningsih, S.Pd, M.Pd NIS. 0610701000001201
Member
Titis Sulistyowati, S.S, M.Pd NIP. 19810402 200501 2 001
Member
Acknowledged by The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to say „Alhamdulillahirobbil‟alamin‟, thanks to Allah SWT for blessing and mercy so that the writer be able to finish the skripsi entitled “Grammatical Cohesion Found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie”. On the second, the writer wants to express her gratitude to: 1. Drs. Susilo Raharjo, M.Pd. as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muria Kudus University. 2. Fitri Budi Suryani, S.S. M.Pd. as Head of English Education Department. 3. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd. as the first advisor who has approved and given continuous guidance in the completion of this skripsi. 4. Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd. M.Pd. as the second advisor who has given the contributive critics during the completion of this skripsi. 5. All lecturers of English Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muria Kudus University for their sharing knowledge and experience. Gratitude for their dedication, guiding, and caring. 6. Her big family; her parents, brothers and sister who always support in all condition. 7. Her little family; her beloved husband and daughter as the main motivator in her life.
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8. All of her friends in English Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muria Kudus University for the beautiful moment in building the friendship. Finally, the writer realizes that this skripsi has a lot of disadvantages and its still far from being perfect. Therefore, suggestions and criticisms are always needed for betterment. Hopefully, her study can give benefit and useful for herself and everyone who interested in reading this final project.
Kudus, September 2012
Cicik Sri rahayu
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ABSTRACT Rahayu, Cicik Sri. 2012. Grammatical Cohesion Found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie. Skripsi: English Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muria Kudus University. Advisors: (i) Dr. Slamet Utomo, M. Pd. (ii) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd. M.Pd. Key words: Grammatical Cohesion, G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Movie Script. Language as a communication tool is important to create a good relationship with another. The function of language is accommodates as sender of information to listener or reader. Language is divided into two types, they are spoken and written. Both should be accepted public readers well. It means that spoken or written must be made well-organized term, cohesion and coherence. Cohesion parts of language to creating good text. To identify cohesion in discourse or text, we need to analyze grammatical and lexical cohesion. But in this research, the writer only focuses on grammatical cohesion which consists of Reference, Substitution, Ellipsis and Conjunction. In this research, there are two objectives of the research. First, to describe the types of grammatical cohesion found in the movie script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra written by Stuart Beattie. And the second one is to describe the percentage of the types of grammatical cohesion found in the movie script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra written by Stuart Beattie. The writer used descriptive qualitative to obtain the objectives of the research. The data of this research is grammatical cohesion while the data source of this research is movie script of “G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra written by Stuart Beattie”. The result of this research is found 1471 grammatical cohesion which consists of 1220 as reference, 29 as substitution, 30 as ellipsis and 192 as conjunction. From the calculation above, the percentage of each type of grammatical cohesion are reference has 82.94%, substitution has 1.97%, ellipsis has 2.04% and the last conjunction has 13.05%. So it can be conclude that the most dominant grammatical cohesion found in the movie script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra written by Stuart Beattie is reference it was 82.94%. Relating to the analyzing of movie script, the writer suggests that we have to choose the appropriate text in learning process. To know that the texts have a good or not, analyzing cohesion is needed. It because to make easier in understanding and improving our language skill. The writer hopes that this result of the research is useful for the reader, students, further research especially for the English teacher, so that they can choose a good text to improve their students‟ ability.
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ABSTRAKSI Rahayu , Cicik Sri. 2012. Grammatical Cohesion yang ditemukan dalam skrip film “G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra” ditulis oleh Stuart Beattie. Skripsi: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Bahasa inggris. Pembimbing: (i) Dr. Slamet Utomo, M. Pd., (ii) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd. M.Pd. Kata Kunci: Grammatical Cohesion, G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra skrip film. Bahasa merupakan salah satu alat komunikasi yang penting dalam membangun hubungan yang baik dengan orang lain. Fungsi bahasa juga dapat mengakomodasi antara pengirim informasi kepada pendengar maupun pembaca. Bahasa dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu bahasa lisan dan tulis. Keduanya harus memiliki makna yang bisa dipahami dengan mudah oleh orang lain. Hal ini bararti bahasa lisan maupun tulis harus terorganisasi, keduanya harus memiliki kesatuan kohesi dan koheren. Kohesi merupakan bagian dari bahasa untuk menciptakan teks yang baik. Untuk memahami teks yang kohesi membutuhkan analisis grammatical dan lexical kohesi. Namun dalam penelitian ini, penulis hanya fokus dalam analisa grammatical kohesi yang terdiri dari reference, substitution, ellipsis dan konjungsi. Terdapat dua tujuan dalam penelitian ini. Pertama untuk menggambarkan jenis-jenis grammatical kohesi yang ditemukan dalam skrip film “G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra” yang ditulis oleh Stuart Beattie. Yang kedua adalah untuk menggambarkan persentasi dari jenis-jenis grammatical kohesi tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah grammatical kohesi, sedangkan sumber data yang digunakan adalah skrip film “G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra” yang ditulis oleh Stuart Beattie. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pada penelitian ini, terdapat 1471 grammatical kohesi yang terdiri dari 1220 reference, 29 substitution, 30 ellipsis dan 192 konjungsi. Dari hasil penghitungan tersebut, persentasi dari masing-masing jenis grammatical kohesi adalah 82.94% reference, 1.97% substitution, 2.04% ellipsis dan 13.05%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa reference adalah grammatical kohesi yang paling banyak ditemukan dalam skrip film “G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra” yang ditulis oleh Stuart Beattie yaitu dengan persentasi 82.94%. Sehubungan dengan analisa pada skrip film ini, penulis menyarankan agar kita harus memilih text yang cocok digunakan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Untuk mengetahui bagus atau tidaknya suatu text, analisa kohesi sangat dibutuhkan. Hal ini dikarenakan untuk mempermudah pemahaman dan peningkatan kemampuan belajar siswa. Penulis berharap agar hasil dari penelitian ini dapat berguna untuk pembaca, murid, peneliti yang akan datang dan khususnya para guru bahasa inggris, agar mereka dapat memilih teks yang baik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan belajar siswa mereka.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ................................................................................................................
i
LOGO ...................................................................................................................
ii
TITLE ...................................................................................................................
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................
iv
ADVISOR‟ APPROVAL ....................................................................................
v
EXAMINERS‟ APPROVAL ………………………………………………….. .
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRAKSI ........................................................................................................
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TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................
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LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................... xiii LIST OF APPENDICES ...................................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1
Background of the Research .....................................................................
1
1.2
Statements of the Problem.........................................................................
4
1.3
Objectives of the Research ........................................................................
4
1.4
Significances of the Research ...................................................................
4
1.5
Limitation of the Research ........................................................................
5
1.6
Operational Definition...............................................................................
6
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1
Text ...........................................................................................................
7
2.2
Discourse Analysis …….. .........................................................................
8
2.3
Cohesion and Linguistic Context…… ......................................................
9
2.4
Cohesion ………….. ................................................................................. 11
2.5
Kinds of Cohesion ..................................................................................... 12
2.5.1 Grammatical Cohesion….…………. ........................................................ 12
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2.5.1.1
Reference ……………………………………………………………… 12
2.5.1.2
Substitution …………………………………………………………… 17
2.5.1.3
Ellipsis…………………………………………………………………. 18
2.5.1.4
Conjunction….………………………………………………………… 20
2.5.2 Lexical Cohesion………………………………………………………… 21 2.5.2.1
Reiteration …..………………………………………………………… 21
2.5.2.2
Collocation …..………………………………………………………... 22
2.6
G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra …………....................................................... 23
2.7
Synopsis ………………………………………………………………… 23
2.8
Review of the previous Research…………………..……………………. 26
2.9
Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………... 27
CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1
Research Design. ....................................................................................... 27
3.2
Data and Data Source ................................................................................ 28
3.3
Data Collection …………… .................................................................... 28
3.4
Data Analysis….. ...................................................................................... 28
CHAPTER IV: FINDING OF THE RESEARCH 4.1
Grammatical Cohesion found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie ............................................................ 32
4.2
The percentage of Grammatical Cohesion found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie…………………..
75
CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION 5.1
Discussion ……….. .................................................................................. 77
5.1.1 The Types of Reference Found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie ……………………………….. 77
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5.1.2 The Types of Substitution Found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie ……………………………….. 79 5.1.3 The Types of Ellipsis Found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie …………………………………….. 81 5.1.4 The Types of Conjunction Found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie ……………………………….. 82 5.2
The Percentage of Grammatical Cohesion Found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie …………………. 83
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1
Conclusion............ ..................................................................................... 84
6.2
Suggestion ......... ....................................................................................... 85
BIBLIOGRAPHY…….. ....................................................................................... 86 APPENDICES………… ...................................................................................... 87 CURRICULUM VITAE ...................................................................................... 114 STATEMENT……………………………………………………………….. ..... 115
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LIST OF TABLE Table
Page
3.4.1 Sample of the analysis of Grammatical Cohesion Found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie ……… 29 3.4.2 Sample of percentage Grammatical Cohesion Found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie………. 31 4.1.1 Findings of Grammatical Cohesion found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie…………………....... 33 4.1.2 The percentage of Grammatical Cohesion found in the Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra Written by Stuart Beattie……………... 76
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
1.
Page
Movie Script of G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra written by Stuart Beattie…... 88
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