THE ANALYSIS OF SENSE RELATIONS FOUND IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF SURA YUSUF
By SYANDRIAN FERDIANA NIM 200932128
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHING TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2013
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THE ANALYSIS OF SENSE RELATIONS FOUND IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF SURA YUSUF
SKRIPSI Presented to the University of Muria Kudus in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in English Education
By SYANDRIAN FERDIANA NIM 200932128
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHING TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MURIA KUDUS UNIVERSITY 2013
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Motto: Read! (Al-Alaq: 1) Never too old to learn (Albert Einstein)
Dedication: For my parents Sudiono and Siti Mariah For my sister and beloved nephew Mardiana Sari and Aufarozdaq For all people that know and love me
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ADVISORS' APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Sarjana Skripsi of Syandrian Ferdiana has been approved by the thesis advisors for further approval by the Examining Committee.
Kudus, July 2013 Advisor I
Rismiyanto, S.S., M.Pd. NIS. 0610701000001146
Kudus, July 2013 Advisor II
Fajar Kartika, S.S., M.Hum. NIS. 0610701000001191
Acknowledged by The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M. Pd. NIP. 19621219-198703-1-001
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EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Skripsi of Syandrian Ferdiana (NIM: 2009 32 128) has been approved by the Examining Committee as a requirement for the Sarjana Degree of English Education.
Kudus, July 2013 Thesis Examining Committee:
Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd. NIS. 0610701000001146
Chairperson
Fajar Kartika, S.S., M.Hum. NIS. 0610701000001191
Member
Agung Dwi Nurcahyo, S.S, M.Pd. NIS. 0610701000001187
Member
Mutohhar, S.Pd, M.Pd. NIS. 0610701000001204
Member
Acknowledged by The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Dr. Drs. Slamet Utomo, M. Pd. NIP. 19621219-198703-1-001
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, I would like to say thanks to Allah because of His blessing and mercy so I can finish this skripsi. I also would like to express my gratitude to: 1. Dr. Slamet Utomo, M.Pd., as the Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muria Kudus University 2. Diah Kurniati, S.Pd., M.Pd., as the Head of English Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty Muria Kudus University 3. Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd., and Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum as the first and second advisors who have approved this skripsi and given a lot of guidance in the completion of this skripsi 4. All lecturers
of English
Education
Department Teacher Training and
Education Faculty Muria Kudus University who have become the facilitators during my study in Muria Kudus University 5. My beloved parents, Sudiono and Siti Mariah who give me everything I need even more than enough 6. My beloved sister and nephew, Mardiana Sari and Aufarozdaq who always give me support in facing some problems 7. My best friends ever, Zulfan, Arik, Kak Fila, Eko Candra, Vyos, Cun Min, Cun Mar, and Ani who accompany and help me during my study 8. My friends and everyone who recognize me that I cannot mention them one by one.
The Writer
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ABSTRACT Ferdiana, Syandrian. 2013. The Analysis of Sense Relations Found in English Translation of Sura Yusuf. Skripsi. English Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisors: (i) Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd. (ii) Fajar Kartika, S.S., M.Hum. Key words: sense relations, word meaning relations, sentence meaning relations, English translation of Sura Yusuf Sense relations is one of sub-chapter on Semantics. Sense relations talks about the explanation of a word meaning based on its relationship with the other words in a language. Moreover, it can give some effects in a text. So the textmaker should know the usage rule of sense relations in a text. Talking about sense relations, there are nine categories. They are synonymy, antonym, hyponymy, homonymy, polisemi, entailment, paraphrase, contradictory, and ambiguity. This research is aimed to find the existence of sense relations in English translation of Sura Yusuf. The existence of sense relations is divided into two types, namely, word meaning relations and sentence meaning relations. It focuses on the whole English translation of Sura Yusuf. The research is conducted using descriptive qualitative. In doing the research, the researcher uses the theory based on Hurford and Heasley. The analysis of texts consisted of analyzing each words and sentences to get the information about its relation to the others. Then the researcher classifies them according to the types. It means that the words and sentences which have meaning relation are divided into some sense relations’ categories The result of this research shows from 145 data, the word meaning relations found in the English translation of Sura Yusuf are in form of synonym (45 pairs), antonym (37 pairs), hyponym (18 pairs), homonym (2 pairs), and polysemi (7 pairs). While the sentence meaning relations found are in form of entailment (9 pairs), paraphrase (2 pairs), contradictory (4 pairs), and ambiguity (6 sentences). So, it can be concluded that the effect which is affected by sense relations to this English translation text is good effect. The good effect is influenced by the existence of synonymy, antonym, hyponym, entailment, contradictory, and paraphrase. This research suggests the text-maker to know the usage rule of sense relations in order to make a good text, English learners, it should be one of additional information for them who are interested in linguistics. The information will be useful for their daily-life because linguistics is not only focused on theory but also makes the learners study about human being life, interaction, and the problem solving of communication’s misunderstanding. Moreover, for all the readers of English translation of Holy Qur’an, the research hopefully can help them to think about the meaning’s misinterpretation if they do not consider the ambiguous words’ existence in the text and the other researchers to do the research further.
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ABSTRAK Ferdiana, Syandrian. 2013. Hubungan Antar Makna yang Ditemukan di Terjemahan Bahasa Inggris Surah Yusuf.. Skripsi. Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (i) Rismiyanto, SS, M.Pd. (ii) Fajar Kartika, S.S., M.Hum. Kata Kunci: hubungan antar makna, hubungan antar makna kata, hubungan antar makna kalimat, terjemahan bahasa Inggris Surah Yusuf. Hubungan antar makna merupakan salah satu sub-bab dari pelajaran Semantik. Hubungan antar makna adalah penjelasan dari makna kata berdasarkan hubungannya dengan kata-kata yang lain di dalam sebuah bahasa. Terlebih lagi, hubungan antar makna bisa memberikan berbagai efek dalam sebuah teks. Jadi, para pembuat teks diharapkan untuk mengetahui aturan penggunaan dari hubungan antar makna dalam pembuatan teks. Berbicara mengenai hubungan antar makna, ada 9 macam hubungan antar makna. Yaitu, sinonim, antonim, hiponim, homonim, polisemi, entailmen, parafrase, kontradiksi, dan ambiguitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan adanya hubungan antar makna di Terjemahan Bahasa Inggris Surah Yusuf. Keberadaan hubungan antar makna dibagi menjadi dua tipe, yaitu, hubungan antar makna kata dan antar kalimat. Penelitian ini difokuskan di seluruh bagian dari Terjemahan Bahasa Inggris Surah Yusuf. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan teori hubungan antar makna dari Hurford dan Heasley. Analisa terhadap data terdiri dari penganalisasian pada masing-masing kata dan kalimat untuk memperoleh informasi tentang hubungan mereka terhadap kata atau kalimat yang lain. Kemudian, peneliti mengklasifikasikannya berdasarkan tipenya. Itu berarti, katakata dan kalimat-kalimat yang memiliki hubungan makna dengan kata atau kalimat yang lain dibagi kedalam beberapa macam hubungan antar makna. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 130 data, jenis hubungan antar makna kata yang ditemukan di teks terjemahan tersebut dalam bentuk sinonim (45 pasang), antonim (37 pasang), hiponim (18 pasang), homonim (2 pasang), dan polisemi (7 pasang). Sementara untuk hubungan antar kalimat dalam bentuk entailmen (9 pasang), parafrase (2 pasang), kontradiksi (4 pasang), dan ambiguitas (6 kalimat). Jadi, bisa disimpulkan bahwa efek yang diberi oleh hubungan antar makna dalam teks terjemahan bahasa Inggris ini adalah efek yang baik. Efek yang baik ini dipicu oleh keberadaan dari sinonim, antonim, hiponim, entailmen, parafrase, dan kontradiksi. Penelitian ini menyarankan kepada para pembuat teks untuk mengetahui aturan penggunaan dari hubungan antar makna dalam membuat teks yang bagus, para pelajar bahasa Inggris, penelitian ini bisa menjadi informasi tambahan bagi mereka yang tertarik dengan ilmu kebahasaan. Informasi yang mereka dapatkan akan berguna untuk kehidupan sehari-hari mereka karena linguistik merupakan ilmu yang tidak hanya terfokus pada teori, tapi bisa juga membuat mereka tahu ix
tentang kehidupan manusia, interaksi, dan pemecahan masalah terhadap kesalah pahaman komunikasi. Terlebih lagi bagi para pembaca karya terjemahan bahasa Inggris Al-Qur’an, penelitian ini diharapkan mampu untuk membentu mereka berpikir tentang kemungkinan adanya kesalah-tafsiran makna jika mereka tidak mempertimbangkan adanya kata-kata maupun kalimat yang ambigu dalam sebuah teks dan peneliti lain agar melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page COVER……………............................................................................................. i LOGO .................................................................................................................. ii TITLE ................................................................................................................. iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION .......................................................................... iv ADVISORS' APPROVAL ................................................................................. v EXAMINEERS’ APPROVAL ............................................................................ vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRAK............................................................................................................ ix TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... xi LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................... xiv LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................... xv LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................... xvi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Research............................................................................
1
1.2 Statements of the Problem ...............................................................................
5
1.3 Objectives of the Research ..............................................................................
5
1.4 Significances of the Research..........................................................................
5
1.5 Limitation of the Research...............................................................................
6
1.6 Operational Definition......................................................................................
7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Semantics .......................................................................................................
8
2.2 Sense Relations ..............................................................................................
10
2.2.1 Word Meaning Relations….…………. ........................................................
12
2.2.1.1 Synonymy….…………..............................................................................
14
2.2.1.2 Antonym….…………................................................................................
15
2.2.1.3 Hyponymy….…………. ............................................................................
17
2.2.1.4 Homonymy….…………............................................................................
17
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2.2.1.5 Polysemi….…………. ...............................................................................
18
Sentence Meaning Relations….…………. ................................................
18
2.2.2.1 Entailment….…………. ............................................................................
19
2.2.2.2 Paraphrase….………….............................................................................
20
2.2.2.3 Contradictory….………….........................................................................
20
2.2.2.4 Ambiguity….…………..............................................................................
21
2.2.3
The Effects of Sense Relation’s Realization in a Text….…………. ........
22
2.3
Al-Qur’an as the Revelation of Allah….…………....................................
24
2.4
Sura Yusuf….…………. ............................................................................
26
2.5
Translation….…………. ............................................................................
26
2.6
English Translation of Holy Qur’an….…………. ....................................
28
2.7
Biography of M. Taqiuddin Al-Hilali and M. Mukhsin Khan ..................
28
2.8
Review of Previous Research….…………. ..............................................
29
2.9
Theoretical Framework….…………. ........................................................
30
2.2.2
CHAPTER III METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1
Design of the Research ..............................................................................
31
3.2
Data and Data Source ................................................................................
32
3.3
Data Collection… .......................................................................................
32
3.4
Data Analysis…..........................................................................................
33
CHAPTER IV: FINDING 4.1
4.2
Word
Meaning Relations Found in English Translation of Sura
Yusuf….…………. ....................................................................................
35
Sentence Meaning Relations Found in English Translation of Sura Yusuf .......…................ .............................................................................
45
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CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION 5.1 Word
Meaning
Relations
Found
in
English
Translation
of
Sura
Yusuf……….......….......... ...............................................................................
50
5.2 Sentence Meaning Relations Found in English Translation of Sura
Yusuf.......….......................…….......................................................................
58
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1
Conclusion ................................................................................................
65
6.2
Suggestion ......... .......................................................................................
66
REFERENCES ........................................................................................ APPENDICES ........................................................................................ CURRICULUM VITAE ....................................................................................
67 69 82
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LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Word
Page Meaning
Relations
Found
in
English
Translation
of
Sura
Yusuf….…………. ........................................................................................ 35 4.2 Sentence Meaning Relations Found in English Translation of
Sura Yusuf………………................................................................................
xiv
45
LIST OF FIGURES Figure
Page
2.1
Synonymous pair……………………………………………………
15
2.2
Translation process…………….……………………………………
27
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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix
Page
1.
Script of the English translation of Sura Yusuf .......................................
69
2.
Statement ..................................................................................................
81
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