AN ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF SPEECH ACTS FOUND IN THE HELP MOVIE SCRIPT
By ANIEK RAHAYU LISTIANA NIM. 200732049
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS 2012
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AN ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF SPEECH ACTS FOUND IN THE HELP MOVIE SCRIPT
SKRIPSI Presented to the University of Muria Kudus in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Completing the Sarjana Program in English Education
By ANIEK RAHAYU LISTIANA NIM. 200732049
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS 2012
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO: There is a will, there is a way If you can dream it, you can do it (Walt Disney) Believe you can and you’re halfway there (Theodore Roosevelt)
DEDICATED TO: My beloved mother, Kusriati My dearest brothers, Wahyu Hadi K. and Wahyu Agum K. My closest friends who always give me support
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ADVISORS’ APPROVAL
This is to certify that the Sarjana Skripsi of Aniek Rahayu Listiana has been approved by the thesis advisors for further approval by the Examining Committee.
Kudus, March 2012 Advisor I
Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum NIS. 0610701000001191 Advisor II
Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd., M.Pd. NIS. 0610701000001207
Acknowledged by The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Drs. Susilo Rahardjo, M.Pd. NIP. 19560619 198503 1 002
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EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL This is to certify that the Skripsi of Aniek Rahayu Listiana (200732049) has been approved by the Examining Committee as a requirement for the Sarjana Degree in the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language.
Kudus, March 2012 Thesis Examining Committee:
Fajar Kartika, S.S., M.Hum. NIS. 0610701000001191
, Chairperson
Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd., M.Pd. NIS. 061071000001207
, Member
Nuraeningsih, S.Pd., M.Pd. NIS. 061701000001201
, Member
Suprihadi, M.Pd. NIP. 195706161984031015
, Member
Acknowledged by The Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Dean,
Drs. Susilo Raharjo M.Pd. NIP. 195606191985031002
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I gratefully thanks Allah SWT the almighty for a great endless blessing so that I was able to finish this final project entitled, “An Analysis of Types of Speech Acts Found in The Help Movie Script” I realized that actually couldn’t complete without advice, encouragement, guidance, and suggestions. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to: 1. Drs. Susilo Raharjo, M.Pd as the dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty. 2. Fitri Budi Suryani, M.Pd as the head of English Education Department. 3. Fajar Kartika, SS, M.Hum as the first advisor who has been so helpful and wisely in advising and encouraging for this skripsi 4. Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd., M.Pd as the second advisor who always gives advice, suggestion and consideration during the process in making this skripsi. 5. All of lecturers in English Education Department Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Muria Kudus University. 6. My beloved Mom, my brother and younger brother who have supported me financially, morally, and spiritually so that I can finish my research proposal. 7. My best friends, who are always in my side and give attention, support and accompanies me in every time and everywhere.
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And the last, I would like to express thank to all people that can I mention one by one. Hopefully, this paper will be useful for the readers especially to the learners of English and improvement of English learning in Muria Kudus University. Then, I would like to appreciate any critics or comment for the betterment of this study.
Kudus, Macrh 2012 Aniek Rahayu Listiana
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ABSTRACT Listiana, Aniek Rahayu. 2012. An Analysis of Type of Speech Acts Found in The Help Movie Script. Skripsi. English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University. Advisors (i) Fajar Kartika, SS. M.Hum., (ii) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd., M.Pd.
Key words: speech acts, illocutionary acts, movie script Communication is an activity of expressing ideas and feelings or giving information to other people. In communication, speakers not only produce utterances but also they perform action via utterance. In Pragmatics, it is called speech act. According to Austin (1962), speech acts as the action which is performed in saying something. He also stated that saying something can be detected as doing something. They are three types of speech acts, they are: locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, perlocutionary acts. Illocutionary acts can be identified using illocutionary force. Objective of this research are (a) to find out the type of illocutionary acts used by the main characters in The Help movie script, (b) to find out the meaning of speech acts utterances based on the speech acts classification on function used by the main characters in The Help movie script. This is a qualitative research. The data is the utterances on illocutionary acts and the meaning of speech act utterances based on the speech acts classification on function which is produced by the main characters in The Help movie script. The main data source is obtained from utterances which are produced by the main characters in The Help movie script. The result shows the numbers of illocutionary acts that are identified 200 utterances. The majority type of illocutionary acts used by the main characters is questioning. From those finding, I classified the meaning based on the speech acts classification on function into five categories. They are: directive (82), assertive (55), expressive (36), commissive (27), and declarative (0). It can be seen that the majority utterances used by the main characters in The Help movie is directive. At the end, I suggest to the students of English Education Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Muria Kudus University and the further researchers, they should pay attention on the theory of speech act which they are studying. Then for teachers and lecturers, they should be aware in explaining the speech acts theory which is studied in Pragmatics. They also should use interesting media to enrich the students’ knowledge in teaching learning process.
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ABSTRAKSI
Listiana, Aniek Rahayu. 2012. An Analysis of Type of Speech Acts Found in The Help Movie Script. Skripsi. Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Keguruan dan Pendidikan, Universitas Muria Kudus. Pembimbing: (i) Fajar Kartika, SS. M.Hum., (ii) Atik Rokhayani, S.Pd., M.Pd.
Kata kunci: tindak tutur, tekanan ilokusi, naskahhh film Komunikasi adalah sebuah aktivitas dari ungkapan ide dan perasaanperasaan atau memberikan informasi kepada orang lain. Dalam komunikasi, penutur tidak hanya menghasilkan ujaran-ujaran akan tetapi mereka juga melakukan tindakan melalui ujaran-ujaran. Dalam Pragmatik, itu disebut tindak tutur. Berdasarkan Austin (1962), tindak tutur sebagai tindakan yang dilakukan ketika mengatakan sesuatu. Dia juga menyatakan, mengatakan sesuatu bisa dideteksi sebagai melakukan sesuatu. Ada tiga macam tipe tindak tutur, yaitu: tindakan lokusi, tindakan ilokusi, dan tindakan pelorkusi. Di sini yang merupakan tindak tutur yang sesungguhnya adalah tindak ilokusi. Tindak ilokusi dapat diitentifikasi dengan menggunakan tekanan ilokusi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (a) untuk menemukan tipe dari tindak ilokusi yang digunakan oleh tokoh-tokoh utama dalam naskah film The Help, (b) untuk menemukan makna dari ujaran tindak tutur berdasarkan klasifikasi dari fungsi-fungsi tindak tutur yang digunakan oleh tokoh-tokoh utama dalam naskah film The Help. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data berupa ujaran-ujaran pada tindak ilokusi dan makna dari ujaran tindak tutur berdasarkan klasifikasi dari fungsi-fungsi tindak tutur yang dihasilkan oleh tokoh-tokoh utama dalam naskah film The Help. Sumber data utama adalah dari ujaran-ujaran yang dihasilkan oleh tokoh-tokoh utama dalam naskah film The Help. Hasil menunjukkan jumlah dari tindak ilokusi yang diidentifikasi adalah 200 ujaran. Mayoritas ujaran yang digunakan oleh tokoh-tokoh utama dalam film The Help adalah pertanyaan. Dari hasil penemuan tersebut, saya mengklasifikasikan makna berdasarkan klasifikasi pada fungsi-fungsi tindak tutur. Ada lima kategori, yaitu: directive (82), assertive (55), expressive (36), commissive (27) dan declarative (0). Hal itu bisa dilihat bahwa mayoritas ujaranujaran yang digunakan oleh tokoh-tokoh utama dalam naskah film The Help adalah ujaran directive.
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Pada akhinya, saya memberikan saran kepada mahasiswa-mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Keguruan dan Pendidikan, Universitas Muria Kudus, dan para pembaca atau para peneliti, mereka sebaiknya memeperhatikan pada teori tentang tindak tutur yang akan mereka pelajari. Kemudian untuk para guru-guru atau dosen-dosen, mereka harus mewaspadai dalam menjelaskan mengenai teori tindak tutur yang dipelajari dalam Pragmatik. Mereka juga sebaiknya menggunakan media yang menarik untuk memperkaya pengetahuan para siswa atau mahasiswa dalam proses belajar mengajar.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page COVER………………………………………………………………… LOGO………………………………………………………………….. TITLE………………………………………………………………….. MOTTO AND DEDICATIONS……………………………………… ADVISORS’ APPROVAL……………………………………………. EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL…………………………………………. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………. ABSTARCT…………………………………………………………… ABSTRAKSI…………………………………………………………... TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………... LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………….. LIST OF APPENDICES………………………………………………
i ii iii iv v vi vii ix x xii xv xvi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Research…………………………………………
1
1.2 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….
3
1.3 Objective of the Research……………………………………………
3
1.4 Significance of the Research…………………………………………
4
1.5 Limitation of the Research……………………………………………
5
1.6 Operational Definition……………………………………………….
5
CHAPTER: II REVIEW TO RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Pragmatics……………………………………………………………
6
2.2 Speech Acts………………………………………………………….
7
2.3 Types of Speech Acts………………………………………………..
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2.3.1 Locutionary Act……………………………………………………
9
2.3.2 Illocutionary Act…………………………………………………...
9
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2.3.3 Perlocutionary Act…………………………………………………
10
2.4 Illocutionary Force…………………………………………………..
11
2.5 Speech Acts Classification on Function……………………………..
12
2.5.1 Assertive…………………………………………………………...
13
2.5.2 Directive……………………………………………………………
13
2.5.3 Commissive………………………………………………………..
13
2.5.4 Expressive………………………………………………………….
14
2.5.5 Declarative…………………………………………………………
14
2.6 Movie………………………………………………………………… 15 2.6.1 The Help Movie……………………………………………………. 15 2.6.2 Synopsis of The Help movie……………………………………….. 16 2.7 Previous Study……………………………………………………….. 17 CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH 3.1 Design of the Research……………………………………………….. 19 3.2 Data and Data Source…………………………………………………
20
3.3 Technique of Collecting Data..……………………………………….
20
3.4 Technique of Analysing Data………………………………………… 21
CHAPTER IV: FINDING OF THE RESEARCH 4.1 Finding……………………………………………………………….. 23 4.1.1 Illocutionary Force Found in The Help Movie Script………………. 24 4.1.2 The Meaning of Speech Acts Utterances Based on the Speech Acts Classification on Function Found in The Help Movie Script………………………………….. 32
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CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION 5.1 Discussion……………………………………………………………. 47 5.1.1 Illocutinary Force Found in The Help Movie Script……................... 48 5.1.2 The Meaning of Speech Acts Utterances Based on the Speech Acts Classification on Function Found in The Help movie script……………………………………
50
5.1.2.1 Assertive…………………………………………………………
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5.1.2.2 Directive…………………………………………………………
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5.1.2.3 Commissive……………………………………………………..
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5.1.2.4 Expressive……………………………………………………….
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5.1.2.5 Declarative………………………………………………………
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CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 6.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………..
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6.2 Suggestion……………………………………………………………
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BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………
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APPENDICES…………………………………………………………..
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CURRICULUM VITAE……………………………………………….
108
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LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
4.1.1 Table of Illocutionary Force Found in The Help Movie Script…….. 24 4.1.2 Table of the Meaning of the Speech Acts Utterances Based on the Speech Acts Classification on Function Found in The Help Movie Script…………………………………… 32
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
Page
1.
The Help Movie’s Casts……….....................................................
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2.
The Help Movie Script….............................................................
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