Faculteitsblad Electrical Engineering. RoboCup. Introducing. SpectrumEE. Onderwijsdag. September

Faculteitsblad Electrical Engineering

RoboCup Introducing SpectrumEE Onderwijsdag

September 2013

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IN A WORLD OF TECHNOLOGY A BELIEF IN PEOPLE

Op zoek naar verantwoordelijkheid? Afwisseling? Internationale carrièremogelijkheden? Dan is werken bij Vanderlande Industries misschien iets voor jou! Wij danken ons succes aan de combinatie van hoogwaardige technologie én de passie van onze medewerkers. Zij zijn de drijvende kracht achter onze material handling systemen en bijbehorende services voor tal van nationale en internationale distributiecentra, luchthavens en sorteercentra. Kijk op onze website voor alle vacatures.

www.vanderlande.com

2013

I Colofon J aa rg a n g 6 n u m m e r 3 Septe mb e r 2 013 De Connecthor is een uitgave van de elektrotechnische studievereniging Thor en de Faculteit Electrical Engineering aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. De Connecthor verschijnt 4 keer per jaar in een oplage van 1100 stuks en is gratis voor alle leden van Thor en medewerkers van de faculteit Electrical Engineering.

I H o o fd r e d a c tie Martijn van Beurden

Femke Verheggen

I Ein d r e d a c tie Lulu Chan Anjo Peeters

I Re d a ctie Manon Eijsvogel Pauline van Gelder Esmee Huismans Fer Radstake Bart Smolders

Edgar van Megen

Georgios Exarchakos Jerom de Haan Suzanne Kuijlaars Elles Raaijmakers Harold Vervoort

I On tw e r p L a y- o u t Pieter Weterings

Excursie ASTRON

I Dru k

Jafra drukwerkservice

I Re d a ctie a d r e s

Connecthor Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Potentiaal 13.35 Den Dolech 2 Postbus 513 5600 MB Eindhoven

I Co n ta ct:

Telefoon: (040) 247 3221 of (040) 247 3223 E-mail: [email protected]

I Vo l ge n d e e d itie :

18 oktober 2013

Verder blikken we terug op de onderwijsdag van de faculteit en we laten een viertal dames aan het woord die vertellen hoe zij hun eerste studiejaar aan onze faculteit hebben beleefd. Op het gebied van onderwijs is nog meer te vinden in deze editie, waaronder een nieuw eerstejaars vak Spectrum Electrical Engineering en de buitenlandse stage van Chris Geelen in Nieuw Zeeland. Ook op het gebied van onderzoek kun je interessante artikelen vinden, zoals de ontwikkelingen en uitdagingen op het gebied van regeltechniek voor lithografie op nanometerschaal door Hans Butler en het promotieonderzoek van Petr Kadurek over de infrastructurele uitdagingen voor onze toekomstige elektriciteitsvoorziening. Mocht je juist even wat afleiding zoeken van werk of studie, stort je dan op onze onvolprezen puzzel en maak kans op een vlaai, of lees het verhaal over de mythe van de ganzen van Pirou. Tot slot wil de redactie iedereen een succesvol academisch jaar toewensen en natuurlijk veel plezier met het lezen van deze nieuwe Connecthor. De redactie

I We b :

http://www.thor.edu http://www.tue.nl/ee

I A d ve r te e r d e r s : Binnenkant kaft: VanDerLande Pagina 10: Omron

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u het stof van de intro is neergedaald en het onderwijsrooster weer de maat van de week slaat voor velen van ons, verwelkomen we een nieuwe generatie studenten en potentiële nieuwe lezers van de Connecthor, die we in deze editie extra bedienen met het voorstellen van de diverse verenigingen binnen de faculteit, en doen we verslag van de intro en de intake van eerstejaars.

I Fo to O msl a g

Deadline kopij:

I Redactioneel

Buitenkant kaft: ASML Pagina 36: IHC Merwede

PS: Wil jij iemand voordragen voor een vlaai, heb je een idee voor een leuk of interessant artikel, of wil je zelf bijdragen aan de Connecthor? Neem dan contact op met de redactie via [email protected].

© Connecthor 2013 Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van druk, fotokopie, microfilm of welke andere wijze dan ook zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de redactie. De redactie houdt zich het recht voor om artikelen in te korten dan wel te wijzigen. Een in een artikel verwoorde mening is niet noodzakelijk de mening van de e.t.s.v. Thor of de faculteit Electrical Engineering aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.

September 2013  | 01

IINHOUDSOPGAVE [01] [04] [05] [06] [08] [09] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]

R e d a c ti o n e e l

[17] [20] [22] [24] [25] [28] [30] [35] [37] [38] [40] [41]

P h D R e s e a r c h : D a ta a ppl i ca t i o n f o r a dva nce d

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Bo a r d I s s u e s Fr o m t h e P r e s i d e nt Introducing... N e ws O n d e r wi js d a g - H e r z i e ni ng M a s t e r o p l e i di ng O mr o n I n d u s tr i a l A u t o m a t i o n P h D E xc h a n ge i n L y o n - F r a nce Sp e c tr u m o f E le ct r i ca l E ng i ne e r i ng D i e s NAta li s ODIN A u to mo t i v e v r o u w e n i n de s p o t l i g h t I n ta k e n i e u we s t u de nt e n ( EE e n AU)

Nanometer onder de duim

Be hi n d t h e s c e n e s o f Ro b o cu p 2 0 1 3 Be hi n d t h e s c e n e s o f Ro b o cu p 2 0 1 3

Tegenwoordig gebeurt er veel in de ordegrootte van nanometers. Meer hierover lees je vanaf pagina 25.

d i s tr i b u ti o n n e tw o r k o p e r a t i o ns P h o to p a ge M yt h o lo g y: G e e s e o f P i r o u ODIN E xc u r s i o n ASTRON I n t r e e r e d e : D e n ano m e t e r o nde r de du i m I n t r o d u c i n g : C a n d i da t e b o a r d o f T h o r

Spectrum EE

Curious about the course Spectrum of Electrical Engineering as an elective in the Bachelor College? Take a look at page 12.

I n t r o d u c i n g the a s s o ci a t i o ns TU/e Xpe r i e n c e

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EES P h D s v i s i t ENTSO -E A nd KU L e u v e n I n t e r n s hi p : A n e x p e r i e nce t o ne v e r f o r g e t P u zzle Up c o mi n g a c t i v i t i e s

Facult

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eitsbla

d Elec

trical

Engin

eering

INHOUDSOPGAVE I

30 Onderwijsdag

Na de vernieuwing van het Bacheloronderwijs is nu de Master aan de beurt. Lees meer vanaf pg 9.

Introducing the associations

There are a lot of interesting associations related to the study. Read more about these on pages 30-34.

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9

RoboCup

Want to have a look behind the scenes of the RoboCup Adult Size Humanoid League or Middle Sized League? Have a look on page 16 and 17.

September 2013  | 03

IFaculteit

Board issues By: Ton Backx

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e are living in a turbulent world. Although the economic crisis still governs the decision making of our government today, business is catching up rapidly in our region. The High Tech industries are eager to hire young people that have finished their studies and obtained a degree in Engineering. The future is looking bright for people studying Electrical Engineering. Ever more young people are getting aware of the need of our society for many more people with high-level technical degrees, and therefore decide to study Electrical Engineering. The past three years we have been able to show double-digits growth in the number of students choosing for Electrical Engineering after finishing Gymnasium or VWO. At the moment that I am writing this reflection we don’t have yet the exact number of students starting at our faculty in the 2013-2014 academic year, but I do expect the number to be well above 150 with more than 100 students choosing for the general Electrical Engineering program and over 50 students starting in the Automotive track. This is good news for all of us! I sincerely hope that we will be able to continue this growth in the years to come. The Automotive track is at the start of its third year now. After finishing this third year the program will be completely up and running. As with any new activity, we have learned a lot in the past two years in getting the program to this point. So far, we are pleased with the feedback we are getting from the students and the further improvements we are making to the program. The balance between contributions of our various groups to the program is slowly improving but deserves still further attention. Overall, the program is largely running as intended and students are doing

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well. With the number of students in the Automotive track growing we also increase the number of staff members with specific experience in state-of-the-art automotive research. As we expected, the Automotive industries are starting to make the turnaround towards becoming very clean and safe. Some important changes are related to: •

Transition from internal combustion engine based to fully electric, high performance drive trains, which use energy very efficiently during driving and braking.

•

Car-to-car and car-to-road communication systems to enable very safe high intensity driving and to minimize traffic jams

•

Battery systems powered by clean energy and supporting the stability of the power grid by buffering the difference between electric power produced and electric power consumed.

Our students are well prepared to contribute to the transition. The current Automotive track is like our other Electrical Engineering tracks covering a broad program of courses. This program will make our students attractive candidates for a wide variety of jobs both in the automotive and high tech industries as well as in many other industries. The past academic year has been a very busy year for all our staff members. We are still finishing the major overhaul of our bachelor program introducing three major Electrical Engineering tracks next to the introduction of the Automotive program: Connecting the World, Cure and Care, and Smart and

Sustainable Society. In parallel the Bachelor College has started, requiring a further major revision of our bachelor courses. The bachelor program also must bring a significant reduction of the time taken by our students to finish their Bachelor. The relative number of students finishing the Bachelor within 4 years needs to be above 70% in 2016 without giving up on quality of the program. First results are indicating that we are getting on track to meet this challenge. I urgently request both our students and our staff though to continue working hard and to further improve our performance in getting first-time-right scores in the exams higher. The first-timeright success rates preferably have to be well above 70%. This requires a very close collaboration between teaching staff and students to ensure high performance in transfer of knowledge during the courses as well as continuous self study efforts of our students in practicing the course materials presented. If difficulties are encountered in building up understanding and insight during the courses taught, students have to right away provide feedback to their teachers so that they can help students immediately to overcome the problems encountered. Achieving the higher efficiencies is in the interest of both students and staff. Finishing the study with good results at a young age significantly improves the career opportunities of the graduate. Higher efficiencies in first-time passes in exams reduces both the load on staff and pressure on the students. I look forward to a successful Academic year for all of us! Ton Backx Dean Electrical Engineering

Vereniging I

From the President By: Harold Vervoort

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his is the last time I will be writing this column, in the Connecthor, as the President of Thor. What a year we have had as an association, which makes it even harder to decide where to begin. We started with the introduction week. For the first time ever, the Intro also included international students and we had about 120 new students. All because of the Automotive track and the bachelor college. Accordingly, we decided to change all our written communication to English, so we could reach all of our members. Then the 11th lustrum of e.t.s.v. Thor arrived. To celebrate our 55 years of existence, a whole month of activities was planned. We started off with a Big 3 lustrum party, together with Simon Stevin and Jan Pieter Minckelers. A record attempt for the world’s largest game of Tetris, on one of the walls of our building, failed. However we will soon make another attempt at seizing this record! We also published a lustrum book for the 11th Thor lustrum. Beside all that we had lots of parties, excursions and lectures, which where all very interesting, fun and educational. This all was concluded with a big gala at castle Heeswijk, which we hopefully all enjoyed. I would like to

personally thank everyone who took the time and effort to help organize these events. And of course all the people who participated. After all this, Christmas came around. A welldeserved break for the Board and all members had arrived. When this break ended we had some struggles with mainly ourselves. It became clear that some things had to change. We had a “do or die” week as a Board. New plans were made and the confidence to come out stronger as a Board and as an association was bigger than ever. Most changes were approved. Only in the public relations position, the struggles turned out to be too big. Because of these struggles our commissioner of public relations Dennis Kofflard had to take the hard and brave decision to step down as a Board member and turn over his work to a committee. This was very difficult for all of us. I would like to thank everybody for their support and the public relations committee for their excellent work. The last really big thing we had to organize as a Board was the introduction week for new students. I hope all new students have had a nice week and saw lots of things they can do in Eindhoven, especially the international Master and Bachelor students, which we had

a lot last introduction week. It could be a culture shock when you start out in Holland and even more when you become a Thor member. Then again, it can also be a shock for the Dutch students. And now here we are on the verge of a new era. Soon we will pass on our duties to yet another Thor Board. Our so-called ‘kandies’ are already working on a policy for this year. They will introduce themselves in this Connecthor. I wish them good luck with the upcoming internationalization of Thor, the move to the new building and the large increase in student applications. I hope the bond with our faculty and its employees will only grow stronger and will become better than ever before. Thanks to all members for your confidence in us as a Board, with me as its President, and the opportunity to represent and serve you. Good luck to all new students next year and to the new Board. Veel gedonder! Harold Vervoort President der e.t.s.v. Thor

September 2013  | 05

IFaculteit

Introducing... H

i everyone!

Let me introduce myself: my name is Rianne Sanders, I am 46 years old and I live in Eindhoven with my husband, 13-year old son and golden retriever. I studied Communications at the Fontys University of Applied Sciences and, like many of us, I started my career with Philips. Through Ernst & Young and NXP Software I ended up at Brainport Development. The last two years I was lucky to work in projects concerning the future of my own town. I developed the new regional website www.brainport.nl and was responsible for the communications around the Brainport 2020 program. Furthermore, with other parties like Smart Homes, the Province of Northern Brabant and the municipal government of Eindhoven, I organized the Ambient Assisted Living Forum 2012. Coming from this background I am committed to the aim and ambition of Eindhoven to be among the top 3 economies of Europe and the top 10 in the world. I hope I can make a contribution to this in my new job as a communications advisor at the Electrical Engineering department of the TU/e. In my spare time I like to follow what is happening in Eindhoven and visit initiatives like Glow, DDW, TEDxBrainport and STRP Festival. But my real 2 passions are music and travelling. My music taste is very diverse and I like to spot new bands at festivals or

in ‘de Effenaar’, but my absolute favorite is Muse. With regard to travelling, I love Central and South America but I also like to spend as much time as I can in fascinating Asia. Just before my first day at the TU/e I returned from a month in Vietnam, backpacking from Ho Chi Minh City in the south to Sapa in the north. The people were so friendly, the food

H

ello, I am Willem Sanberg and I recently started as a PhD student at the Video Coding and Architectures research group (VCA) of prof. dr. ir. Peter de With. My research is aimed at improving the semantic understanding of 3D modeled environments to increase the quality of the model and the efficiency of storing and further processing. I really like the puzzle of how to solve seemingly simple problems (such as ‘What are the objects in this office?’) that are quite a challenge for computer-vision systems when they need to function generically. You may have seen me around the campus already in the past couple of years, since I also did my BSc, CTM and MSc program at

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was excellent and the landscape breathtaking. Other special places in the world for me are Tikal in Guatemala, Perhentian Kecil in Malaysia and the Amazon in Brazil. So when you want to chat about the future of Eindhoven as a top-technology region or exchange travel experiences, anytime… the Electrical Engineering department of the TU/e. Furthermore, I have spent some good hours on extra-curricular activities: several boards and committees at the student association E.S.V. Demos, two years at University Racing Eindhoven and two years as a student assistant at the electronics lab of Industrial Design. In my spare time, I read books (both fiction and non-fiction), play the piano or play sports such as basketball and cycling. In the photograph, you see me at the ‘Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències’ in Valencia, where I was last May: a very nice place to visit!

Faculteit I

H

ello!

My name is Constantijn Romijn, I’m 25 years old and I’m from Harmelen, a small village near Utrecht. I received the BEng degree in Automotive Technology from the HAN University of Applied Sciences. For my graduation project I worked at Svenska Kullagerfabriken (SKF), where I developed a patented variable preload device to adapt bearing preload as a function of applied torque. I received the MSc degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Eindhoven University of Technology in June 2013. For my graduation project I worked on regenerative brake torque control for hybrid and electric vehicles. Since July 2013, I am a PhD candidate in the Control Systems group in the field of energy management for commercial vehicles. My research will focus on minimizing fuel consumption by integration and control of all energy domains present in heavy duty trucks. In my spare time I like to take our boat out on the river “De Lek” to go wakeboarding with friends. When I’m not out on the water I like to go to the gym or play squash.

H

ello! My name is Martine Greijmans and I just started as a coordinator and student counselor for the Bachelor’s program Automotive. After having completed my studies at Tilburg University, Communication and Information Sciences, I had my first job at TU/e. For almost a decade I worked at the Communication and Expertise Center of TU/e as a project leader and communications advisor. During this period I learned a lot about the university, the campus, the students, and the departments. Along the way I got more interested in education. I like having contact with students and participating in the organization of educational programs. I really enjoy working at the department, especially in the field of Automotive, a dynamic and innovative environment. Another thing I enjoy in my spare time is making long hiking tours. Together with my family (1 boyfriend, 2 sons and 1 dog) I live in Eindhoven, near the beautiful nature of ‘De Zegge’ where I can walk the dog easily. After a long walk, I enjoy drinking and eating in a nice place.

H

ello! I’m Fabrizio Silvestri and on the 1st of July I joined the Electromagnetics Group of the Electrical Engineering department as a PhD student. I was born in Italy in 1988 and I got my BSc degree in Electronics Engineering at UNIVPM in Ancona. After that, looking for new experiences, I moved to Genoa where I got my MSc in Electronics Engineering in 2013. As final step for my knowledge and experience I decided to try to get a PhD degree. My PhD project involves the study of Metamaterials and their use for designing antennas and microwave devices. I know that the next four years will be busy, but I hope there will also be plenty of good and pleasant moments! In my free time I like to travel, listen to music, and play different sports!

I am looking forward to making a fresh start together with all the new Automotive students starting this academic year as well. I am in the office on Mondays, Wednesdays and Thursdays. You can reach me by e-mail: m.h.m.greijmans@ tue.nl or call me on 040 – 247 2123.

September 2013  | 07

INieuws IEEE Photonics Society prize The IEEE Photonics Society has granted Vincent Sleiffer (PhD student, ECO) the IEEE Graduate Student Fellowship Award 2013 for his contributions in the area of High Capacity Optical Transmission. The work was carried out in cooperation with a.o. Coriant GmbH (Munich) and the University of Southampton (UK) in the framework of the FP7 integrated project MODEGAP. The award will be presented at the IEEE Photonics Society Annual Meeting , 09-13 September 2013 in Bellevue, WA, USA.

Johan van den Heuvel awarded Veder prize for advancements in telecommunications Dr.ir. J.H.C. (Johan) van den Heuvel has won the prestigious Dutch Veder prize for his contributions to the advancement of telecommunications. Van den Heuvel received the award for his PhD thesis obtained in 2012 at the TU Eindhoven and executed in collaboration with Philips. Van den Heuvel, currently researcher at Holst Centre, graduated on “Analog MIMO Spatial Filtering”, or the improvement of signal quality in wireless multiple-antenna systems. The Veder prize (www.verderfonds.org) is a Dutch prize to promote the advancement of science and technology in the area of telecommunications. Every year the prize is given to a person who has delivered a pioneering and important contribution. The prize consists of a certificate and a financial sum. In his thesis, Van den Heuvel investigates the possibilities of multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) systems as bases for low power and high data rate wireless systems. Reducing interference early in the RF frontend by using MIMO leads to less energy usage and higher performance.

Afscheid Christ van Rijsewijk

Veni voor Pieter Harpe Vijf talentvolle TU/e-onderzoekers ontvangen dit jaar een Venisubsidie van maximaal 250.000 euro. De Veni-subsidie is bedoeld voor veelbelovende, jonge onderzoekers die maximaal drie jaar geleden zijn gepromoveerd. Met de geldprijs – maximaal 250.000 euro – zijn ze vrij om hun onderzoeksonderwerp te kiezen. Een van de winnende veni aanvragen is van dr. ir. Pieter Harpe (MSM group) met als onderzoeksproject Multifunctionele mobiele medische zorg. Het continu monitoren van bijvoorbeeld hartslag of hersenactiviteit bij patiënten en ouderen geeft informatie over de gezondheid en kan problemen detecteren of voorkomen. De onderzoekers gaan multifunctionele elektronica ontwikkelen om deze mobiele medische zorg gebruiksvriendelijk en zo goedkoop mogelijk te maken.

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Na een dienstverband van bijna 42 jaar heeft Christ van Rijsewijk op 30 mei jl. afscheid genomen van onze faculteit door middel van een receptie in het PVOC.

Faculteit I

Onderwijsdag – Herziening masteropleiding Door: Jan Vleeshouwers

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e afgelopen jaren vroeg vooral het bacheloronderwijs erg veel aandacht. Dat onttrok de ontwikkelingen in de masteropleidingen aan de TU/e enigszins aan het zicht. Op de Onderwijsdag van woensdag 19 juni hebben we de balans weer wat in evenwicht gebracht, door stil te staan bij wat er op ons af gaat komen in de masterfase. Deze onderwijsdag waren we te gast in het Oorlogsmuseum in Overloon, min of meer een thuiswedstrijd voor Bart Smolders. Een wat aparte entourage voor discussies en presentaties over onderwijs, maar misschien moeten we de Arnhemse ‘brug-te-ver’ als een soort voorzichtige waarschuwing zien voor onderwijsvernieuwingen. Bart Smolders opende de dag op een krakend podium met een overzicht van de stand van zaken in het bacheloronderwijs. Dat overzicht is intussen een jaarlijks terugkerende gebeurtenis. Dit jaar heeft het eerste jaar van het nieuwe systeem gedraaid, met zijn ups en downs, en is er druk gewerkt aan de invulling van het tweede jaar dat in september van start gaat. Het belangrijkste positieve nieuws: komend jaar verwachten we opnieuw een forse stijging van het aantal eerstejaarsstudenten. Er zit ook gestage groei in de BKO-certificering. Op de onderwijsdag kreeg Sveta Zinger haar certificaat uitgereikt. Hans Niemandsverdriet, hoogleraar bij de faculteit Scheikunde is sinds begin dit jaar hoofd van de Eindhovense “graduate school”, een tot dusver nogal losse strik rondom de masteropleidingen, de ontwerpersopleidingen en de promotieplaatsen. Hij presenteerde, voorzichtig krakend, de motieven achter de graduate school en de globale lijn van de veranderingen die zullen gaan plaatsvinden. De belangrijkste daarvan is, zo stelde

hij, dat de masteropleidingen veel flexibeler van opzet zullen moeten worden, en meer maatwerk mogelijk moeten gaan maken. Het is jammer dat hij nog weinig wist van hoe de Electrical Enigineering masteropleiding concreet in elkaar zit, want wat hij als toekomstbeeld schetst lijkt voor ons gewoon grotendeels de praktijk. Na enige discussie constateerde hij dat we wellicht bij EE voorop lopen en dat was een welkome constatering. ’s Middags hielden we drie korte “workshops”, waaronder een rondleiding door het museum. Het Oorlogsmuseum bezit een enorme verzameling materiaal uit de Tweede Wereldoorlog, en die maakte indruk, al was het vooral door het formaat en door hoe krap het soms op elkaar staat. Maar op mij maakten de verhalen van de gids een nog grotere indruk: over slimme oplossingen als jerrycans, over menselijke blunders en eerzucht, en over Amerikanen die kleurlingen geen geweren toevertrouwden. De twee echte workshops gingen over twee praktische problemen waar we graag oplossingen voor zouden willen hebben: hoe kunnen we onderwijs méér dan één keer per jaar aanbieden zonder daar meer tijd mee kwijt te zijn? En hoe kunnen we promovendi een grotere rol geven in het onderwijs?

een heel jaar uit te smeren, met in elk kwartaal een min-of-meer onafhankelijk thema, zodat een student dus elk kwartaal kan instappen. Wat opviel aan de onderwijsinzet van promovendi is vooral dat daar grote verschillen in zitten, van helemaal niet tot bijna een kwart van iemands tijd. Er is onderwijswerk zat, maar als je daarvoor de goede promovendus wilt vinden heb je in feite een soort intern uitzendbureau nodig. En voordat we daaraan beginnen, moeten we er voor zorgen dat promovendi en hun sponsors weten dat het promotieproject zowel onderzoek als onderwijs omvat – wat natuurlijk eigenlijk een open deur is. Omdat het museum sloot, werd de gezamenlijke afsluiting van de dag kort en krakend. Bart Smolders leidde ons daarna naar de Heeren van Overloon voor het diner, en daarna bracht de bus ons weer naar huis – op een paar tassen na, en op Oded Raz na, die de fiets pakte.

Uit beide workshops kwamen creatieve oplossingen. De vaakst geopperde suggestie was om colleges (in feite alle interactie-arm onderwijs) niet meer “live” te verzorgen maar alleen nog via video-opnames – maar dan wel van hoge kwaliteit. Een interessante suggestie was ook om het onderwijs van een vak over

September 2013  | 09

IAdvertorial

Omron Industrial Automation \\ P ro duc t i o n an d R &D unde r a si ngl e ro o f

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mron is a multinational with over 35000 employees in more than 35 countries. It has its business units in healthcare, transportation systems, automotive, electronic components and industrial automation. The industrial automation unit is the largest and has five R&D departments and two factories in Europe. At Omron ‘s-Hertogenbosch you can find a development center for analog/digital electronics with embedded programming for controllers and the factory in the same building. This gives a dynamic environment where research and customer relations come closer than ever.

The research and development group of Omron in ‘s-Hertogenbosch focuses on the hardware for industrial automation controllers and the associated embedded software. This means that the customers are machineand robot-builders who sell their machines to manufacturing plants. Omron focuses on plants for the packaging of food where universal controllers (PLCs), temperature controllers, motion controllers and safety systems determine the intelligence of the system. The industries for semiconductors and automotive are part of Omron’s key customers as well. The automation business is competitive and characterized by slow market movements (machines are used for decades), the need for robust products and

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professionals co-developing with professionals. In addition, customization and modularity is important. As a direct result, R&D engineers in ‘s-Hertogenbosch dive into the customer needs in order to make special products with smart solutions. These special products help us to contribute to the underlying global roadmap of the “Sysmac” automation platform. A practical example of a project at Omron R&D can be a customization of an existing Omron product for a customer who needs a regular safety button, but benefits from a smart solution where the position of the motors is stored in case of emergency. This customer can then recover from an emergency stop without too many down time of production. To solve this, you have to understand the standardized communication protocols between the servos and the controller and the architecture of the Sysmac system. The investigation starts with a visit to the customer to really understand the problem. Most people have seen Omron only as a producer of blood pressure measurement systems of the healthcare unit or the relays of the components business unit. You may not realize that you encounter Omron products every day. The first product in 1933 was a timer for an X-ray machine. Later on, Omron achieved successes with the first non-contact solid-state switch (1960), the first automated traffic signal (1964), an unmanned train station (1964), and the first online automated cash dispenser ATM (1971). These products still give an impression of what automation can do for society as Omron is still doing. Omron was founded in Japan in 1933 by Kazuma Tateisi. Already in an early phase, he developed the vision that working is not

primarily done for the sake of financial gain, but that it has a function in society. As a result, all companies should exist to support society. Hence the motto of the Omron organization is “Working for the benefit of society”. The responsibilities of Omron for the society have a clear positive impact on daily life within the company. For example, on the companies birthday the employees engage in a day of voluntary work for a vulnerable group. Besides that, Kazuma Tateisi had ideas on how science acts as a seed for technology, and technology on its term creates innovation in society.

For more information have a look at the following websites: The Omron corporation http://www.omron.com Omron Industrial Automation Europe: http://industrial.omron.eu/en/home Omron’s vision and philosophy http://omron.com/about/corporate/vision/ Jobs at Omron: http://www.werkenbijomron.nl and http://industrial.omron.eu/en/company_ info/careers For more information about regional and global (student) jobs contact Nicole van Oers, (HR Advisor), Zilverenberg 2, 5234 GM, ’s-Hertogenbosch, Tel. 073-6481831

Varia I

PhD exchange in Lyon – France By: Shady Keyrouz

W

hen I attended the International Workshop on Wireless Energy Transport and Harvesting (IWWETH 2012) in Leuven, Belgium, I met Vlad Maian, another PhD student from the Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA. Since then we have cooperated together in order to optimize a highly efficient RF harvester. I started my exchange period in April 2013. The research focused on combining antennas, using rectifying and DC-to-DC conversion technologies to obtain optimized Rectenna (rectifying antenna) systems. These systems are employed to transfer energy wirelessly over a substantial distance (a couple to multiple meters) as efficiently as possible. From Eindhoven University of Technology, the experience in designing compact, multi- and wideband antennas, standard and conjugately matched to high frequency rectifier

Figure 1: Departments and research groups within AmpèreLab

Figure 3: The Saône river crossing the city of Lyon. The photo is taken from the gardens of the “Basilique Notre Dame de Fourviere”. circuits is brought in. From Lyon University the experience in designing low-power DC to DC converters is added. Both techniques are combined to realize the objective. Let me start by introducing the place I worked for three months. AmpèreLab; named after the great French mathematician André-Marie Ampère. The lab was established in 2007 and is divided into three main departments and seven research groups as shown in Figure 1. I was integrated in the Multiscale modeling and Design Methods (MDM) group. My main target was to investigate each part (in terms of input impedance) of the rectenna system starting from the antenna, the matching network, to the rectifier. I have designed, simulated, fabricated and tested two rectenna systems. The first system consists of an antenna that captures the transmitted RF signal connected to a rectifier (AC/DC converter), which converts the captured AC signal into a DC power signal. For maximum power transfer, a matching network is designed between the rectifier and the antenna. In order to decrease the size of the system, the matching network is removed in the second system and the antenna is directly matched to the rectifier (Zantenna = Zrectifier*). Systems 1 and 2 are shown in Figure 2.

protected World Heritage Site, and the parks that surround the city, especially “Parc de la Tête d’Or” where you can relax and enjoy the great sunny weather. Also the city is distinguished by its two rivers the Rhône and the Saône, where you can find plenty of restaurants and relaxing spots. A panoramic view of the city where you can see the Saône river is shown in Figure 3. In addition to the city of Lyon, I took the opportunity to visit the south of France including Montpellier, Marseille, and Cassis. The weather was absolutely amazing and the cities are full of magic. I do recommend Cassis, one of the most beautiful cities I have ever visited. Also I do recommend to take a boat ride and enjoy “Les calanques de Cassis”, see Figure 4. In short: If you would like to enjoy the great weather and the natural beauty, to enhance your French language skills and your research skills, and if you want to work in a modern and inspiring lab, I recommend AmpèreLab.

At an available power lever of -10 dBm (0.1 mW) the first system achieves a maximum RF to DC conversion efficiency of 40 %, while the second system achieves 53 % at the same input-power level.

Figure 2: Fabricated prototypes for wireless power transmission.

Lyon the city: Lyon is a wonderful city that has a history dating back to more than 2000 years ago. I have enjoyed the city a lot, especially the old city center, which is a UNESCO

Figure 4: Les calanques de Cassis. The photo is taken from aboard a boat in the Mediterranean see.

September 2013  | 11

IFaculteit

Spectrum of Electrical Engineering Text: Michel van Eerd, Illustrations: Sandor Paulus

T

his is about the rebirth of a course as a new Bachelor College elective. A course showing ‘fresh’ electrical engineering students what electrical engineering is all about. What can students expect of both the Bachelor’s and Master’s program, and what will the future profession of being an engineer look like? We even hope to prove that Electrical Engineering was the right choice for those who are still unsure. Besides that, this elective should be good for one’s mental health and possibly also for one’s physical condition! To provide a broad overview of what EE is all about, this course will be reaching beyond the prior knowledge that can be expected from our freshman students. Not just to show what awaits them, but also to show the relevance of possibly boring and seemingly useless basic courses. Besides the technical aspects of Electrical Engineering, soft skills are important for an engineer as well. Every student attending this course will be interviewing a young professional, an engineer, most probably a graduate from our department. Writing a paper about this interview is another soft skill embedded in the course. The best articles will be published on the TU/e website, to inform pupils about their potential future study. Three lab assignments form a broad general technical introduction to our department’s research directions: Care & Cure, Connected World, and Smart & Sustainable Society. For each of these directions we will kick off with

state-of-the-art presentations from experts in their respective fields. Short lectures will introduce the labs and tackle deficiencies in prior knowledge, after which the lab sessions will take place. The wealth of technical labs in this course truly suits training in technical reporting. With the introduction of the Bachelor College, quite some practical training was lost in the curriculum, that’s why I am particularly proud to announce the ‘revival’ of the following three relevant labs:

Care & Cure: personal ECG measurement, with a health check. After a brief introduction to the electrophysiology of the human body, experimenting with different types of electrodes and

their placement on one’s body (the actual students themselves) and using other techniques to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, the recorded ECG signals will be analyzed in MATLAB. As soon as a reliable ECG measurement is obtained - including appropriate analog-to-digital conversion - it is time for digital signal processing. Digital filtering and feature extraction like heart rate have to be implemented before putting the student through the health test! We want to know how long will it take to get back to the heart rate at rest. As our beloved Potentiaal building has hosted several championships for stairs climbing, get ready to take on 13 floors of stairs! Will records or students be broken?

Connected World: DCF77 receiver. After a brief introduction to radio communication, students will wirelessly access an atomic clock by building a discrete analog receiver demodulator as a front-end for MATLAB-based decoder and error detection algorithms. Although this atomic clock has already been ‘on air’ since the early 70s and now is considered more or less antique, recent receiver technology still uses many of the basic principles dating from then. Although not visible anymore on recent cell phones, antennas are still an important part of the embedded hardware. So are tuned circuits, filters, amplifiers, and demodulators. Besides receiving transmitted data and decoding the protocols, checking for and handling of communication errors are here to stay in the digital era we live in. The connection to information technology is obvious. Because our

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Faculteit & Vereniging I beloved Potentiaal building doesn’t allow for useful reception, and waiting for transmission errors would probably take too long, a custom-made reference transmitter will put the student’s work to the test and may even play some tricks like speeding up time... If only the weekend could start on Friday morning...

Smart Sustainable Society: impact of ‘energy saving’ lighting on the power grid. After a brief introduction to power distribution networks, three-phase networks, and active and reactive power, students are welcomed to our Power Quality Laboratory to put different types of lighting to the test. Measuring currents in a three-phase arrangement, including the neutral and calculating harmonic content are key ingredients. How does fluorescent lighting perform in terms of power quality in comparison with the ‘historical’ bulb or the new arrival: the LED light? What is the impact on the electricity grid? Can an overall estimate of power efficiency be made from energy plant to consumer? Can different kinds of lighting technologies be ranked in terms of overall power efficiency on a ‘greenness’ scale to show the environmental impact? Blindly believing the obvious could turn out to be tricky; stay alert! Conduct thorough research to convince yourself!

I’m convinced students will like this course just as much as the amount of enthusiasm and effort we have already put into developing it. Thanks goes out to Bart Smolders, the visionary who gave this course a place in Bachelor College, Jan Bergmans, our general manager, Daphne van Dongen, our soft-skills guru, our technical track representatives Guus Pemen, Peter Baltus, and Peter Smulders, our technical team Ad Reniers, Hennie van der Zande, Michiel Rooijakkers, and Harry Kuipers, the experts from their respective fields, the

young professionals who volunteered to be interviewed and rate the resulting articles, the PhDs, student assistants and staff who correct reports and provide feedback, the jury for selecting the prize winning articles, and all (at time of writing still unknown) people that weren’t listed as a result of later involvement in the process. To all students: Don’t be overwhelmed, good luck, enjoy, explore and happy learning!

Dies Natalis ODIN

By: Erwin van Vliet

Y

ou might have already read our introduction somewhere else in this Connecthor, but in addition we want to show you some of what communicatiedispuut ODIN has organized in the DIES week of last semester.

döner and dürum for all 32 subscribers. The Dies week was concluded with a day for all the former board members and benefactors of ODIN, who we invited to have a drink and dinner together.

First of all, we hosted our Dies Natalis party to celebrate that another year had passed, full of ODIN activities! The party was held in the Walhalla with a free keg of beer. The party was well visited, like all the other activities organized in the special Dies week, such as the very popular ODDDDIN when we ordered

Beside all these festive activities, we also organized a study-related lunch lecture with the CEO and founder of SMART Photonics. SMART Photonics is an independent design and development company for III-V semiconductors like Indium Phosphide. The lecture started by showing the importance of photonics and by making clear that data communication is not the only application for photonics: there are many applications that may benefit from the capabilities of integrated photonic circuits. During the presentation not only the company, but also photonics in general and the opportunities that this technology creates/enables where discussed, which made it a very interesting lunch lecture.

Beside the lunch lecture, we recently visited ASTRON (Astronomy institute Netherlands). The article about this excursion can also be found in this Connecthor. The entire reports, including photos, of these and other activities can be found on our website or Facebook page. If this has made you curious about ODIN, please visit our website (ODIN.ele.tue. nl) or stop by at the ODIN room (PT11.35) for some more information or to become a (board) member.

September 2013  | 13

IVaria

Automotive vrouwen in de spotlight Door: Esmee Huismans

Waarom hebben jullie gekozen voor de studie Automotive? Birgit: Eigenlijk was ik geïnteresseerd in de studie Luchtvaart en Ruimtetechniek, daarom ben ik gaan kijken in Delft. De ervaring die ik daar opdeed was dat ik de mensen niet leuk vond. Ik vond Eindhoven wel een leuke stad en ben hier gaan kijken voor een opleiding. Uiteindelijk heb ik mede door de latebeslissersdag gekozen voor deze studie. Marcella: ik heb al een jaar in Eindhoven gestudeerd. Hiervoor heb ik eerst een jaar Technische Natuurkunde gedaan. Ik had besloten dat ik wel graag in Eindhoven wilde blijven studeren en was zowel als in Electrical Engineering als in Werktuigbouwkunde geïnteresseerd. De perfecte combinatie van beide studies was de studie Automotive. Ik heb ook mijn beslissing mede gemaakt door de latebeslissersdag, deze dag was erg leuk. Lisa: Ik wist dat ik iets met techniek wilde gaan doen. Wat voor mij ook erg belangrijk was, was dat ik graag in Nederland wilde gaan studeren. Nadat ik alle drie de technische universiteiten met elkaar had vergeleken, sprak de TU/e mij het meest aan qua mensen, stad en universiteit zelf. Ik was geïnteresseerd in de studie Automotive en de studie Werktuigbouwkunde. Uiteindelijk heb ik voor de studie Automotive gekozen, omdat hier ook een gedeelte elektrotechniek in terugkomt. Verder vindt ik het erg fijn dat de groep

kleiner is, hierdoor heb je meer persoonlijk contact en een betere begeleiding naar mijn mening.

Hebben jullie bewust gekozen voor de mannenwereld? Lisa: Voor mij was dit een bewuste keuze, ik kan beter met jongens omgaan. Omdat ik beter met jongens kan omgaan, neigde ik ook meer naar de techniek. Ik zou ook geen ‘echte’ vrouwenstudie kunnen volgen. Birgit: Dat geldt ook voor mij. Ik ga ook liever om met mannen, neigde daarom ook meer naar de techniek en zou geen studie kunnen doen waar vrijwel alleen vrouwen zijn. Waar ik wel erg aan moest wennen toen ik hier begon, was alle aandacht. Marcella: Ik heb niet bewust gekozen voor een studie met mannen, maar wel voor een technische studie. Een studie met veel vrouwen zou ik niet zo erg vinden, alhoewel ik mannen wel gezelliger vindt.

Hebben jullie gevonden wat je had verwacht? Lisa: Ik had geen specifieke verwachting, maar ik was wel erg verrast door de hechte binding bij onze studievereniging Thor. Qua studie viel het eerste kwartiel tegen, maar daarna werden de vakken leuker.

Birgit: Ik had verwacht dat ik veel meer tijd aan het studeren zelf zou besteden en minder aan sociale contacten. Daarnaast had ik ook niet verwacht dat ik actief zou worden bij Thor, maar ik ben erg blij met de keuze die ik heb gemaakt.

In hoeverre heb je steun aan andere vrouwen op de studie? Eigenlijk heb je voornamelijk contact met jaargenoten. Wij spreken de ouderejaars vrouwen vrij weinig, dus je hebt vooral steun aan andere vrouwen die van dezelfde generatie zijn. Om contact te leggen met andere vrouwen is de introductieweek wel het perfecte moment. Lisa en Birgit waren erg blij dat ze bij elkaar in het introgroepje zaten, maar uiteindelijk zoeken de vrouwen elkaar toch wel op. Ze zijn altijd met zijn drieën. Marcella zegt dat ze het wel gered zou hebben zonder vrouwen, maar het is wel fijn dat er andere vrouwelijke jaargenoten zijn.

Vrouwen zijn vaak meer doelgericht dan mannen. Hebben jullie al een beroep voor ogen? Lisa: Ik heb nog geen beroep in gedachte. Ik heb de studie gekozen, omdat deze mij aansprak. Wat ik wel belangrijk vind, is dat ik nog alle kanten op kan. Het hoeft uiteindelijk niet per se iets met auto’s te zijn. Mijn uiteindelijke beroep hoeft alleen maar iets te maken te hebben met werktuigbouwkunde of elektrotechniek. Birgit: Ik heb deze studie gekozen omdat deze mij aansprak. Wat ik later wil gaan doen weet ik nog niet.

v.l.n.r.: Lisa, Birgit en Marcella

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Marcella: Wat voor werk ik wil gaan doen weet ik nog niet. Maar ik heb wel gekeken naar welke masters er nog mogelijk waren met deze studie. Ik vind het belangrijk dat ik nog genoeg keuze had en dat het uitdagend

Varia & Faculteit I is. Welke master ik precies wil gaan doen weet ik ook nog niet. Wat ik belangrijk vind voor later is dat het in ieder geval uitdagend is.

Jullie wonen alle drie in Eindhoven. Hoe bevalt het jullie om hier te wonen en wonen jullie met meerdere vrouwen in huis? Lisa: Het belangrijkste voor mij was dat ik in contact kwam met Nederlanders. Toen ik op zoek ging naar een kamer heb ik niet gekeken naar hoeveel vrouwen er in huis woonden, omdat contact op zich belangrijk voor mij is. In mijn huis wonen 11 mensen en ongeveer de helft daarvan zijn vrouwen. Ook heb ik niet met iedereen in mijn huis contact, maar wel met sommigen. Marcella: Ik ga binnenkort verhuizen naar een studentenhuis met 4 huisgenoten, allemaal jongens. Het maakt mij niet zoveel uit

dat het allemaal jongens zijn, aangezien ik het gewend ben om met jongens om te gaan. Ik ga verhuizen, omdat ik meer behoefte heb aan gezelligheid. Ik zat hiervoor zelfstandig. Birgit: Ik woon bij een hospita, hier zitten nog 3 vrouwen meer. Er zitten 2 buitenlandse meisjes, 1 Nederlands meisje en 1 Nederlandse jongen. Toen ik naar een woning op zoek ging, heb ik niet specifiek gekeken naar een huis met veel vrouwen. Wat vooral leuk is aan Eindhoven is de sfeer, deze is erg gezellig. Ik denk dat dit vooral komt door de verhouding man/vrouw.

Hebben jullie nog tips voor de nieuwe eerstejaars vrouwen? Wordt actief bij Thor of ben vaak op vloer 2. Dit zorgt voor binding met de andere studenten. Verder moet je niet stoppen met de studie na het eerste kwartiel, ook al valt

dit tegen. Zorg dat je een goede verdeling vindt tussen studeren en leuke dingen doen. Zorg er vooral voor dat je niet te veel achter de boeken gaat zitten. Tenslotte moet je zo snel mogelijk op kamers gaat. Dit omdat je er veel van leert, je wordt er zelfstandiger van en je geniet meer van het studentenleven.

Intake nieuwe studenten (EE en AU) Door: Rob Mestrom

O

m de aankomende eerstejaarsstudenten Electrical Engineering en Automotive te verwelkomen, heeft ook dit jaar weer de intake plaatsgevonden op 4 juni. Vers van hun eindexamen waren 71 scholieren aanwezig. Ze kregen een introductie van Bart Smolders over het Bachelor College, de majors Electrical Engineering en Automotive en hun individuele keuzevrijheid in vakken. Vervolgens moesten de scholieren aan de slag met hun

jaar) te ontwerpen waarin hun innoverende bijdrage aan de maatschappij weergegeven was. Resultaten van deze (soms hilarische) innovaties staan in de foto’s op deze pagina afgebeeld. Aansluitend werden deze voorpagina’s plenair gepresenteerd en bekritiseerd. Ter afsluiting kregen de scholieren nog informatie over de inschrijving en de introweek en mochten ze vakantie gaan vieren. wiskundekennis. Via de “clickers” moest er een tiental meerkeuze wiskundesommetjes beantwoord worden, waarvan een aantal toch lastiger bleek dan verwacht. Op deze manier werd hen een spiegel voorgehouden om hen voor te bereiden op de ingangstoets bij Calculus in de eerste collegeweek in september. Als start van het intensieve coachingstraject in het Bachelor College, gingen de studenten na de koffiepauze in groepjes met één van de coaches aan de slag. Het team van coaches bestaat dit jaar uit Bart Smolders, Tjalling Tjalkens, Hans Hegt, Ramiro Serra, Jan Vleeshouwers, Sjoerd Hulshof en mijzelf, Rob Mestrom. Martine Greijmans, onze nieuwe studieadviseur voor Automotive, was ook bij de intake aanwezig. Na een voorstelrondje kregen de groepjes de opdracht om een voorpagina van een krant (over 15

September 2013  | 15

IVaria

Behind the scenes of Robocup 2013 By: Esin Ilhan

\\ Pe rso n al ex p eri e nce s i n the Adul t S i ze Hu man oid Leag u e

R

oboCup started with the following aim in 1997: to make the first fully automated robot team competing against a human team in 2050. Among the many leagues and challenges present in the RoboCup, probably the most challenging field is the Adult Size Humanoid League. This league does not only have robots resembling humans with legs, arms, and eyes, but also size wise these are the most human-like. TechUnited’s Humanoid Team built all the hardware and software of the robot called TUlip, the name of which was given as a combination of TU/e and Tulip. Compared to smaller size robots, where multiple robots play against each other, in the leagues TUlip competes in, the matches are one-to-one. For immediate help, always one team member must be present behind the robot during the matches with the rule of not touching the robot. This is a necessity, since in case of a problem, the robot would collapse. A 1.5m high, 35kg weight robot falling down is surely a nice sight! RoboCup is not only a technological competition but also a clash of human nature. For a whole week we work hard from 8am to 11pm, from the opening of the competition hall until it closes. Usually, we are ‘forced’ to leave the premises step by step by first turning off the lights, next by announcements, etc. Hard work, excitement of the matches, and

16 |  connecthor 

Photo: Bart van Overbeeke sleeplessness are the psychological challenges that every RoboCup attendee faces. Constant testing of new algorithms, fixing the electrical/mechanical parts, lack of parts and finding innovative solutions to be ready when the match time arrives are priceless experiences. My experiences relate more to the hardware part. Being the sole female and electrical engineer, all the electrical problems are related to me. The problems are sometimes easy to

detect, but in general time consuming. In case of serious problems, I put on my head light, get the tweezers and start an operation on the robot. This resembles a surgical operation on a human body. The power cables are blood vessels and the nerve system is the signal cabling, which makes me a medical robot doctor. So far, I have attended 4 RoboCup competitions on 4 different continents. Seeing a female always attracts people’s attention, not only in local media but also in the other teams. There are of course female challengers but most of them are usually in office work or solely behind the computer. I would definitely like to see more female technical challengers.

Varia I

Behind the scenes of Robocup 2013 By: Bob van Ninhuijs

\\ Pe rso n al ex p eri e nce s i n the Mi ddl e S i zed Leag u e The start of Robocup 2013 Robocup 2013 in Eindhoven, the Netherlands, with over 2500 participants from around 40 countries is very impressive, especially for my first world tournament. Hi, my name is Bob van Ninhuijs and I participated in the Middle Sized League with the Tech United team from the TU/e. On the first day, we registered ourselves so we could enter the development areas. These first three days no games were played because all teams needed this time to assemble and calibrate the robots. To test some of our software and hardware, we asked other teams on the second and third day to play a practicing game. We evaluated these games to improve the robots. These improvements are applied during the tournament days. We programmed, tested, and calibrated from 8:00h to 23:00h. As these are long days, it was very rewarding to see the progress we achieved with the robots.

Game day On Thursday, the teams were divided into groups. All teams in this group have to play against each other. The groups on Friday are determined based on the results from Thursday, and so on for Saturday. Friday was of course a special day because our queen Maxima came to watch one of our games. During these days we were able to win every

game, we had no goals against us and we were able to show the audience the first long passes, and triple passes! On Sunday morning the semi-finals were played and we had to play against the brandnew robots from Cambada. With these new robots, Cambada had shown a lot of progress during the tournament, which had brought them into the semi-finals. Fortunately, we were able to defeat them with 6-0; still no goals against!

Finals In the finals we needed to play against the Chinese team Water and as the moment of truth came closer, all team members became more nervous. Especially, because a couple of years ago Tech United had the same situation, standing in the finals with no goals against, but it lost the finals to Water. It was very exciting to see the stand fill up. It was estimated that about 5000 people were watching the game. Now it was time to start the game, and already very early in the game Water scored a goal which decreased the excitement, however, there was still hope. As we played further the score was 2-1 for Water. With only five seconds left we were able to equalize the score, and the whole crowd went wild. For me this was the most exciting game I ever watched! Game time was over, so extra-time was played, which consists of two halves each taking 5 minutes. Unfortunately, Water was able to score during this extra-time, therefore, Water won the game and so the world championship. Looking back to this week and year, we made a lot of progress and learned a lot. With this knowledge and enthusiasm of the team we will win next year for sure!

September 2013  | 17

IFaculteit

Data Applications for Advanced Distribution Networks Operation E

conomical reasons, security of supply as well as the ecological background are the key drivers for changes happening at different levels of our energy delivery systems. Both the supply and the demand side of it will have to be redesigned in the search for available energy sources without harming our environment. That this process is happening, is visible especially at numerous premises of electricity network users connected to the electricity network, e.g. rooftop photovoltaic installations. Our electricity system therefore cannot be left behind without adjusting itself to become more flexible and capable of efficiently meeting our future needs. However, to transform the vision of our future sustainable power system into reality and real applications, a lot of research and development has to be done. To contribute to the research on this topic, I joined the Electrical Energy System group at TU/e in September 2009 to pursue my Ph.D. studies, which focused on data applications for advanced distribution network operation.

Electricity distribution The electricity distribution network was designed for unidirectional power flows and has been operated in a relative reliable way for many decades. The insight into the operation of the distribution network is very limited and nearly no measurements have been conducted on it; a good starting point for my research! However, the distribution network as part of our electricity system will be exposed to many challenges, which will occur at network-user connections. More efficient

Imbalance volume [MWh/PTU]

By: Petr Kadurek

Original Imbalance 1 % penetration level 5 % penetration level 10 % penetration level 20 % penetration level 30 % penetration level

200 100 0 −100 −200 0 10 20 0

1000

2000

3000

6000

7000

8000 8760

Fig.2: The impact of the proposed OLTC application on power system balancing. Estimated imbalance volumes are based on data for the Dutch power system in 2012. use of energy in many applications can result in a higher use of electricity. The shift towards electro-mobility and the proliferation of distributed small-scale local generation are among the most important challenges for the future infrastructure. Many aspects are points for discussion in the concept of our future electricity infrastructure. The distribution-system operator (e.g. Alliander, Enexis or Stedin in the Netherlands) is responsible for a reliable and economical operation of the distribution network in its service area. In my research, I focused on the developments in the distribution network from the perspective of the network operator. The perspective of the distribution system operator is a very important one as this operator has the task to provide a reliable connection for the

c.3 − Reliability c.1 − Voltage level c.2 − PQ (others aspects) c.4 − Accomodation of DGs c.5 − Accomodation of EVs c.6 − DR (for DSO) c.8 − Network monitoring c.7 − DR (for others) c.10 − Investment c.9 − Theft detection

electricity network users in an uncertain environment and effectively invest in distribution assets.

Scope of my work Within the scope of my dissertation, the technical challenges are assessed that are related to the supplied power quality assessment in distribution networks and the those that are related to the operation of a distribution network in the presence of modern technologies, such as distributed generation. Also, the solutions for these challenges in terms of application of data and advanced network technologies applicable to distribution network operators are assessed. The socioeconomical aspects, regulation, policy, and reliability assessment would be an interesting field for other students to be further explored.

What can be done with our future networks?

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08 0.1 Weight factor

0.12

All combined Industry only Academia only 0.14 0.16 0.18

Fig.1: The ranking of the expected distribution network functionality for different groups of responders.

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4000 5000 Duration [h]

Before suggesting any improvements, it is important to realize what is actually needed and expected in the future. Therefore, the expected functionality of the future and current distribution network is considered in my work. Based on a matrix of criteria (c), the performance of the distribution network and the impact of different applications on its performance can be evaluated. This leads to guidelines for deployment of possible technological alternatives and assets, which

Faculteit I 10

uε uε uε uε

8 P i a,mi n [k W ]

can assist the network operator in achieving improved network performance. The voltage level control and monitoring are indicated among the most important functionalities for the future operation of the distribution network, as perceived by experts from industry, academia or a combined group, see Figure 1.

= = = =

1% 0.5 % 0.2 % 0.1 %

6 4 2

In my dissertation, I investigate the technological alternatives with the highest impact on network performance that are applicable within the regulatory framework of distribution network operators in the Netherlands. A distribution substation can be considered as the cornerstone of the electrical distribution network. I pointed out in my work that it can support the mass expansion of (renewable) distributed energy resources in the network with an active voltage control at MV/LV interface. This is identified as currently the most effective solution to increase the performance of distribution networks and their hosting capacity, which is applicable to Dutch network operators. Therefore, part of my work focused on the modernization of distribution networks in the Netherlands and especially on the measures that can be applied at the MV/LV distribution substation. The increasing number of power-electronic appliances and distributed generators in the system calls for more attention and for a cost-effective evaluation of the quality of the supply voltage delivered to network users. Therefore, in my work also the most suitable locations for power quality measurements are proposed to assess the distortion levels in the distribution network.

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400 500 600 700 Number of measurements

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Fig.3: The minimum detectable power due to electricity theft or fraud in the distribution network as a function of measurement repetitions and uncertainties.

What can be done next? Many developments can reach beyond the intended scope of their proposed application. Therefore, new applications of data and advanced network assets are presented in the last part of my work. It is pointed out that advanced network assets can additionally provide new services to the electricity system without jeopardizing their initial purpose. A prime example of this is the proposed application of advanced online voltage control in the MV/LV substation. With this application, new system services like demand response can emerge. In a power system, the mismatches between the power generation and consumption cause system imbalances. In my work, I propose that this new service can be effectively used to assist power-system balancing. Investigations of the implications for the Dutch power system show that the called imbalance volumes in the power system (system imbalance) can be significantly reduced if the capability of the future MV/LV substations with active voltage control is also utilized for this purpose. In Figure 2, imbalance-volume duration curves of the Dutch power system in 2012 are depicted with estimated imbalance-duration curves after applying a voltage control in a smart way at a certain penetration level of MV/LV substations in the system. It is shown that this application can have a profound impact on the system operation without jeopardizing its initial goal – improve the voltage quality for network users, just like you! Advanced applications of data from the network are proposed to be used in different ways, for instance an application to reveal the location of illegal abstraction of electricity in the network or to assess the loading conditions on unmeasured distribution network assets. A part (1 % is expected) of the electricity generated in the Netherlands accounts for the nontechnical losses, which also includes a significant part of stolen electricity.

Part of my work thus investigated the possibilities to reveal a perpetrator in the network with advanced processing of data from the smart metering infrastructure. It is shown, that the localization of the most common source of electricity theft in the Netherlands is possible in less than a day assuming measurement uncertainties, as depicted in Figure 3. The applications proposed in my work aim to increase the distribution-network performance and to make its operation more effective. This is expected to offer an alternative to costly network expansions and save some money for all network users, like you. A lot more can be said about the above mentioned topics. To know more, you are welcome to access my dissertation online through the TU/e library.

About my PhD studies Finalizing a PhD study, as a part of my selfdevelopment, required a tenacious working approach and a lot of time. Many people have supported me during the almost four years of my PhD and they deserve my thanks for giving me the opportunity to pursue my dreams. Appreciation goes out to all my colleagues, who I have really enjoyed working with at the Electrical Energy System (EES) group and a special thanks to Sjef for being a great and objective “chef”. Along with my studies, I had the honor to serve my colleagues for many years as the president of our PhD group; we had fun! We organized many industry and academicinstitution oriented visits, team buildings (remember, e.g., London team building?), which were presented in this magazine. I will always be appreciative of Wil for giving me the opportunity to join colleagues at Colorado State University as a visiting researcher; I had a good and very productive time there.

September 2013  | 19

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1. en 2. Volundr opening event

11. en 12. Excursion Astron

3. en 4. ACCI weekend

13. en 14. Active members BBQ

5. en 6. Excursion Philips

15. t/m 17. ACCI party

7. Lunch lecture Altran

18. en 19. Education day

8. Volundr scraphead challenge

20. en 21. Unveiling Stella

9. en 10. Bachelor party

IVaria

Geese of Pirou By: Fer Radstake

A

t the time of publishing this story, the participants of the study trip to Germany have just returned to the Netherlands, after what hopefully was a fantastic week. If you didn’t participate, don’t worry because next summer there will be an awesome study tour to Brazil! Be sure to register in time and join this adventure into the unknown! With its study tours, Thor pretty much replicates the Vikings. Just like our student association, the Norsemen liked to go to distant lands. In fact, the term “Viking” was reserved for those who had travelled abroad. On their many voyages, the Norsemen reached such faraway places as Kiev, Constantinople, Sicily, and Newfoundland. Their main destinations however were places closer to home such as England, Scotland, and Ireland. As famous and well-documented the Viking invasions of especially England are, as little-known is their conquest of the French province of Normandy (likely from Old Low Franconian “Nortmann,” = North-man). One of the few accounts of the latter is a medieval fairytale still told in Normandy. In the Western part of Normandy, where the marshlands and hills meet the sea, and the rugged coast shows the signs of centuries of war, trade, and smuggling with England and the Channel isles, lies the Cotentin peninsula. Norman sentiment is

still strong here and the golden lions of the Norman coat of arms proudly adorn local specialties such as Cider and Calvados and hang from the windows of the characteristic stone cottages. In these lands, the main tourist magnets are the many remnants of World War II. But for those who are prepared to walk the unwalked path, the peninsula has many marvels to show, from picturesque villages such as Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue (“Hougue” coming from the Old Norse word “Haugr” = mound) and the Roman city of Valognes, to the bustling harbour town of Cherbourg, to the medieval castle of Pirou, a stone’s throw away from the vast beaches of Cotentin’s West coast. The 12th century “Château de Pirou” stands high above the flat surrounding countryside. Beautifully situated, its perfectly restored roofs provide a stunning view over the wide beaches to its west. But as beautiful the view may be, the surrounding lands provide little cover from attacking armies, while the marshlands make building difficult. Why then did the Normans build a castle at such a hostile place? The answer lies just a few kilometres to the North, where a small inlet forms a natural harbour. While this provides the local fishermen with a place to safely harbour their vessels, it also has this potential for invading enemy navies, so it has to be carefully defended.

During later years, the fortress fell into disuse, and smugglers quickly turned the castle into a major hideout and sort of a regional headquarters. To scare the locals, and law enforcement for that matter, away from visiting the castle and learning about their malevolent practices, the smugglers quickly devised a number of horror stories about the ghosts and witches that were supposed to inhabit the ruins. With this in mind, it is somewhat ironic that the best known story about the castle is one much older, with some sources suggesting it was already well known in the 14th century. It tells us about the Viking invasions of Normandy, and like so many legends has likely got a core of truth in it. We had arrived in these foreign lands after a long perilous journey from our Danish homeland. We had followed Earl Rollo, our leader, to these south-western shores, hoping to find treasure and fame. As one of Rollo’s most trusted commanders, I had taken part in many battles against the natives, slowly but surely conquering town after town, castle after castle. We rewarded all native rulers that submitted themselves to our rule, and mercilessly hunted down every noble that resisted. So we did with the lord of Pirou, a small town on the western shore. As many a lord before him had done, our opponent retreated into his castle, in flight of our superior military. But in contrast to all the castles we had seen and conquered before, this one struck us with awe. We could never take the castle. The walls were too high, the towers too many, the guards too fierce. It was not a hard decision to make, to instead simply besiege the castle, confining its defenders inside, making this so formidable fortress into little more than a prison to its inhabitants. Not

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Varia I long would it take before the first signs of hunger would start to torment the enemy. Not much longer would it take, and they would surrender, the desperation of starvation leaving them little choice but to submit themselves to us. Soon we had besieged the castle for two weeks already, and our men were getting restless, impatiently waiting for the enemy to finally surrender while the rain and the cold sea wind tormented us day and night. But I knew the situation was much worse on the other side of these invincible walls. Their food stock was getting smaller by the day, and as I watched the enemy soldiers peeking out from above the ramparts, I pondered how much longer it would take before we would finally set foot in this keep. Suddenly a loud bang resounded from deep inside the castle, and the sound of honking geese grew to gigantic proportions as a huge flock flew up from behind the castle walls, as if startled by the sound. My men looked at each other with wide, anxious eyes, shocked by the powerful magic that undoubtedly was the cause of the sound. “Calm,” I said, “ it’s nothing more than a door being smashed, a harnessed knight falling down the ramparts, a roof collapsing,” but deep inside I knew that it could only be magic of the darkest kind. And so knew my men. That night was a restless one. Though we had double guards, no-one could get much sleep, fearing the hostile spells, expecting any moment an army of supernatural beings to attack us. Any moment the earth would devour us, pull us to the misty colds of Niflhel or to the eternal fires of their Christian hell. The Trolls and Thurses

would slay us mercilessly on land, the Nixes would drown us in the lakes and streams, the Kobolds would haunt any who survived! Oh, what horrible death lay ahead of us if we did not retreat, if we did not run in flight of the evil that was sure to come for us! But nothing came. The next day, we heard not a single sound coming from the fortress. Not the usual chatter, not the sound of swords being sharpened, no arrows piercing their practice targets. Neither did we the next day, and when after the third day still not a single sound had been heard and not a single enemy had been seen, Rollo called me to him. “They are gone, or dead, or planning something. Tomorrow, you will storm them, see what happens. Take the castle with just your men, if it’s an ambush, we will lose only few.” Although his command terrified me, I was honoured to be awarded so important a task, and I accepted gladly. When the sun rose above the horizon and the first light warmed the grass, we used the dense morning mist to close in on the castle and only at the last moment we changed our pace into a frantic running as we raised our ladders to scale the wall. When we had descended onto the courtyard, the defenders were nowhere to be seen. I took a few of my men with me to clear the donjon, while the rest defended the bailey. When I returned we had still not found a single enemy, save for one haggard old man hiding in the armoury. Puzzled what had happened, we opened the gates to our friendly troops waiting outside and took our prisoner to Rollo.

“Where is your lord? How did he escape? Tell me, and I will grant you freedom,” Rollo said. And the old man answered what many of us had already suspected: “Many years ago, my lord took a grimoire from an old but powerful witch. And using one of the spells in this book, he transformed himself, his kin, and his soldiers into geese, and flew away.” “And where is this grimoire you speak of?” Rollo said. “I don’t know, believe me. The lord hid it somewhere in the castle and cloaked it with his magic so only he can see it.” “Good. Now run, before I change my mind about letting you live.” And as the old man fled from the camp, the great Viking lord turned to me: “You know how to undo a grimoire’s enchantment? The only way is to read the gibberish spell backwards! We can’t risk the lord of Pirou and his army returning at an unguarded moment, so if we can’t get the book ourselves, the only way to finally win this war is to destroy it. Burn the castle!” When the lord of Pirou returned in the spring, he found his old castle little more than a burned heap of wood and stone. Desperate to change back into human form, he searched for the grimoire all year until in autumn the weather became too cold to stay. Many years later the castle was rebuilt, and it is said that up until this day, the descendants of the old lord still return each spring to fly through the castle hallways at night, hoping to someday finally find the grimoire and release themselves from their curse. N.B. A 1753 side-note in a q1725 version of this story tells us the following: “In recent years these geese do not appear any more. We destroyed them because of the great damage they did to the countryside.”

September 2013  | 23

IVereniging

ODIN excursion ASTRON By: Erwin van Vliet

O

DIN’s last excursion of the past year was organized together with Thor’s Kvasir committee on the 7th of May, and went to ASTRON (Astronomy institute Netherlands) and the radio telescopes in Westerbork. The group of 17 people gathered at 9:45h since it is a two-hour drive from Eindhoven to the first stop of the day, the radio telescopes at Westerbork. Before we started our tour, we had time to eat our lunch in the sun. Near the telescope, the fundamentals of radio astronomy were explained. Since the “signals” received from outer space are extremely weak, a large antenna is required to receive these signals and interfering devices like cellular phones are detrimental for the experiments. The larger the antenna, the more information can be gathered, but because there are limitations to creating large parabolic antennas, an interferometric structure (array) is used to increase the effective area, and thereby the resolution, of the virtual antenna. The information from all of the 14 telescopes is gathered in the control center, where it is fed into a correlator that combines all the data and generates an image. All the computers are placed in a Faraday cage to prevent any radiation from disturbing the telescopes. Maintenance and repairs are done here at Westerbork, so we could see the receivers of the telescopes up-close. To eliminate the additional noise as much as possible, LNAs

(Low Noise Amplifier) are used that operate at 13 Kelvin. Unique to the receivers is that they are equipped with 3 antennas, each for a different wavelength, an unique in Europe. To conclude the tour at Westerbork, a couple of photos were taken in front of the impressive array of telescopes, after which we headed to ASTRON, Dwingeloo. Ronald Halfwerk from the R&D department of ASTRON presented us the main activities at ASTRON and elaborated on the various technologies and how fundamental research is linked to actual usage in the industry. As an example, one can think of the passive

(non-moving/rotating) phased array radar used on ships or the Westerbork telescope that is modified to verify the transmission characteristics of the new Galileo GPS satellite. The current project of ASTRON is the LOFAR (Low-Frequency Array), which is cooperating with other locations in Europe. The next generation in radio telescopes, the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), is currently being placed all over the Netherlands and surrounding countries. By placing large numbers of small antennas, a virtual antenna with an effective width of 1500km can be created; making it world’s largest radio-telescope. The last part of the program consisted of a tour showing the R&D lab, optics lab, and JIVE (Joint Institute for VLBI). VLBI is the abbreviation for “Very Long Baseline Interferometry” making use of the same principle as the Westerbork array but on an immense scale, by creating effective diameters that can be spanned between Britain and Australia. This enables high-resolution image capturing that can be used to monitor expanding stars or continental drifts. As an unexpected extra, we visited the old Dwingeloo telescope next door, responsible for the discovery of two galaxies. Since the telescope is out of order we were allowed to climb the device for a nice view and a great group photo. This concluded this very interesting and diverse excursion, for which we would like to thank ASTRON.

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Faculteit I

De nanometer onder de duim Door: Hans Butler

Inleiding Het ontstaan en de sterke ontwikkeling van smartphones, mediaspelers, tablets en vrijwel alle andere elektronische apparatuur, zijn vooral te danken aan de uitvinding en ontwikkeling van geïntegreerde schakelingen (IC’s), ofwel ‘chips’. In de loop der jaren zijn de afmetingen van componenten op de chip, zoals transistoren, sterk verkleind, waardoor er kort gezegd steeds meer op een vierkante millimeter passen. Daarmee is het aantal functies op de chip sterk toegenomen, wat de enorme vooruitgang in elektronische apparatuur heeft mogelijk gemaakt. In het fabricageproces van IC’s is de lithografische stap bepalend voor de minimale afmetingen van elementen op de chip. De enorme vooruitgang van IC’s is dan ook grotendeels te danken aan ontwikkelingen van de lithografische apparatuur. Een lithografisch apparaat is een complexe samenstelling van optische, mechanische en elektronische componenten, bestuurd door hoogwaardige software. Bij vele componenten in de lithografische scanner speelt regeltechniek een onmisbare rol in de besturing. En zo heeft regeltechniek de grote vooruitgang in elektronische apparatuur die we dagelijks kunnen ervaren mede mogelijk gemaakt. Vooral over een langere periode bezien is deze vooruitgang spectaculair, bijvoorbeeld bij een vergelijking tussen de eerste supercomputer, de Cray I uit 1976, en een hedendaagse zaktelefoon. Zo’n smartphone heeft de tienvoudige rekenkracht van deze supercomputer, heeft 8.000 de hoeveelheid geheugen, is 50.000 goedkoper, weegt 40.000 minder, en gebruikt slechts 1/30.000 van het elektrische vermogen. Dit alles is mogelijk geworden door de verregaande miniaturisatie in IC’s die de afgelopen decennia heeft plaatsgevonden. Een microprocessor anno 2012, zoals de NVidia Tesla K20x, bevat 7,1 miljard transistoren op een oppervlak van 551 mm2, wat een oppervlaktereductie per transistor betekent van een factor 67.000 ten opzichte van de Intel 4004, de eerste microprocessor uit 1971.

wordt bedekt met een laagje fotogevoelige lak, waarop een patroon, aanwezig op een transparant masker, optisch wordt afgebeeld. Door ontwikkelen en etsen verdwijnt de oxidelaag op die plaatsen waar de wafer aan licht is blootgesteld. Daar komt de oorspronkelijke silicium basislaag vrij, waarna deze bewerkt kan worden, bijvoorbeeld door het aanbrengen van doteringen. Deze procesgang herhaalt zich een aantal keren, tot ongeveer 40 aan toe, afhankelijk van het type IC. Het eindresultaat is een uit laagjes opgebouwde chip, waarbij de onderste lagen de actieve componenten bevatten, en de hoger liggende lagen zorgen voor de onderlinge verbindingen tussen die componenten.

Historie Sinds ongeveer 1975 wordt het masker afgebeeld op de wafer door middel van een projectiesysteem, terwijl voor die tijd het masker rechtstreeks op de wafer werd geplaatst. De projectielens verkleint het patroon op het masker waardoor de fabricage daarvan minder kritisch wordt. Na de belichting van elke chip wordt de wafer verplaatst naar de volgende locatie, waarna weer een belichting plaatsvindt (Figuur 1). Deze zich herhalende stappende beweging heeft geleid tot de benaming ‘stepper’ voor zo’n lithografisch apparaat. Sinds 1997 is de stepper grotendeels vervangen door de ‘scanner’, die de belichting niet stapsgewijs maar met een scannende beweging van wafer en masker uitvoert. Het verlichte veld is daarbij gereduceerd tot een smalle spleet van licht. In de machine is de wafer geplaatst op een verplaatsbare tafel, de

wafer stage, en het masker op de verplaatsbare reticle stage. Na elke belichtingsscan beweegt de wafer stage naar de startlocatie van de volgende chip, op een zodanige manier dat bij het begin van de belichting de juiste positie en snelheid zijn bereikt. Het masker maakt een vergelijkbare beweging. Voordelen van deze techniek zijn onder andere de betere focuscontrole, de kleinere invloed van lensfouten en het grotere belichtingsveld, waardoor grotere chips gemaakt kunnen worden. Rond het jaar 2000 groeide de waferdiameter van 200 naar 300 mm. Het gebruik van twee parallel werkende stages compenseerde het snelheidsverlies in wafers per uur. Terwijl één stage de wafer belicht, zorgt de andere voor het laden en lossen van de wafer, en het opmeten van het hoogteprofiel, de precieze locatie en de mogelijke vervormingen in het vlak. Deze meetgegevens worden gebruikt bij het daaropvolgende belichtingsproces. Een voorbeeld van een moderne lithografische scanner is weergegeven in Figuur 2.

Het lithografisch proces en positienauwkeurigheid Bij het lithografisch proces wordt gebruik gemaakt van een lichtbron met vaste golflengte λ. Omdat de afmetingen van het patroon op het masker in dezelfde orde van grootte liggen als deze golflengte, treedt diffractie op. De uittreehoek van de diffractieordes is afhankelijk van de verhouding tussen de golflengte van het licht en de periode van het patroon, en is derhalve limiterend voor de minimale periode. In de loop der jaren is de golflengte λ afgenomen van 365 nm

Het lithografisch proces IC fabricage De fabricage van IC’s start met een vlakke plaat monokristallijn silicium (wafer), waarop een oxidelaag is aangebracht. Deze wafer

Figuur 1: Vier optische lithografische IC-productiemethodes: ‘contact printing’, ‘proximity printing’, ‘projection stepper’ en ‘projection scanner’.

September 2013  | 25

IFaculteit een nauwkeurig positie meetsysteem noodzakelijk, evenals een motor die voldoende kracht kan leveren om een massa van gemiddeld 20 kg met 45 m/s2 te versnellen. Positiemeting en aandrijving moeten plaatsvinden in ten minste 6 vrijheidsgraden. Het ontwerp van de stage positieregeling omvat drie stappen, aangeduid in Figuur 3.

1. Ontkoppeling Ontkoppeling zorgt ervoor dat de stage zich gedraagt als een lineair, tijd- en plaatsonafhankelijk systeem dat is ontkoppeld naar de regelaarcoördinaten. Ook compensatie van niet-lineariteiten van bijvoorbeeld actuatoren wordt hierin meegenomen. Een door de regelaar bepaalde kracht leidt dan tot de juiste verplaatsing qua grootte en richting. Het bepalen van de juiste ontkoppeling, met name over een groot frequentiebereik, vereist een uitgebreide fysische modellering van de stage en zijn omgeving en is daarmee een complexe stap. Deze stap levert echter veel begrip op over de fenomenen die een rol spelen en is daarom zeer belangrijk. Voor het ontwerp van de ontkoppeling is dan ook de meeste systeemkennis nodig.

2. Terugkoppeling Figuur 2: ASML’s NXT1950i lithografische scanner. tot 193 nm, en is de volgende stap naar een extreem-ultraviolette golflengte van 13.5 nm momenteel in volle gang. Ook de numerieke apertuur van de lens is toegenomen, van 0.65 naar 1.35, mogelijk gemaakt door immersietechnologie waarbij het medium tussen lens en wafer is veranderd van lucht naar water. Deze combinatie van factoren heeft de resolutie doen afnemen van 350 nm in 1998 tot 38 nm tegenwoordig. Door het patroon in twee stappen op te bouwen (‘double patterning’), is een verdere halvering van de resolutie mogelijk. Geheugenchips, gemaakt met immersietechnologie, bevatten inmiddels structuren van tegen de 20 nanometer. De (13.5 nm golflengte) extreem-ultraviolet-techniek heeft inmiddels een resolutie laten zien van 9 nm met double-patterning-technieken. De positiefout van de stages gedurende de belichting moet aanzienlijk kleiner zijn dan de afmetingen van het kleinst afgebeelde patroon. De specificatie hiervoor ligt op enkele nanometers. Deze nauwkeurigheid moet gecombineerd worden met een hoge snelheid en versnelling. Vóór elke afbeelding versnellen de stages tot de gewenste scansnelheid, waarna enkele milliseconden settlingtijd wordt aangehouden. Na de

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settlingtijd moet de nauwkeurigheid binnen de specificatie liggen en vindt de belichting plaats. Aan het einde van de belichting remmen de stages weer af en versnellen ze opnieuw voor de volgende belichting. Een hoge snelheid en versnelling zijn van belang voor de productiesnelheid van de machine. Een hedendaagse scanner produceert ongeveer 230 wafers per uur, wat neerkomt op zo’n 6 belichtingen per seconde. Voor de versnelling zijn krachten van duizenden Newtons nodig. Deze krachten mogen niet leiden tot trillingen in de stage zelf of in overige componenten van de machine, zoals de projectielens. Dit contrast tussen hoge repeterende krachten en nanometer-nauwkeurige verplaatsingen vormt de grootste mechatronische uitdaging in de machine. In de afgelopen 12 jaar zijn versnelling, positiefout en settlingtijd alle verbeterd met een factor 5 tot 8.

Regeltechniek in de lithografische scanner De qua nauwkeurigheid meest veeleisende regeltechnische toepassing in de scanner vinden we bij de stages. Voor de beweging is

De regelaar in de terugkoppelweg heeft tot doel het effect van storingen te minimaliseren. Omdat de ontkoppeling heeft gezorgd voor onafhankelijke vrijheidsgraden, kan elk van de zes regelaars afzonderlijk worden beschouwd. De gevoeligheid voor storingen in de gemeten positie (bijvoorbeeld verplaatsingen van de lens) wordt gegeven door de gevoeligheid of ‘sensitivity’:

terwijl de gevoeligheid voor krachtstoringen, zoals ruis opgewekt door stromend immersiewater, wordt gegeven door de procesgevoeligheid of ‘process sensitity’:

waarbij de symbolen terug te vinden zijn in het regelschema van Figuur 4. Om de gevoeligheid klein te maken over een breed frequentiegebied, is een grote regelaarversterking (Hctrl(s)) nodig wat overeenkomt met een grote bandbreedte, gedefinieerd als de frequentieband waar de open-lus versterking groter is dan 1. De haalbare bandbreedte wordt voornamelijk beperkt door dynamica in de stage. Resonant gedrag, onder andere door bevestiging van actuatoren en sensoren en de interne constructie van de stage in

Faculteit I

Figuur 3: Regelschema van het nauwkeurige korte-slag-systeem. combinatie met materiaaleigenschappen, zijn beperkende factoren. Bovendien dicteert ‘Bode’s Sensitivity Integral’ dat verbetering van de gevoeligheid in één frequentiegebied altijd gepaard gaat met verslechtering in een ander frequentiegebied, het zogenaamde waterbedeffect.

3. Feed forward In het versneltraject van de stage is de benodigde kracht bekend en het is dus voordelig om deze buiten de terugkoppeling om aan te bieden met behulp van feed forward (Hff(s) in Figuur 4). Wanneer Hff(s) gelijk is aan de inverse van de procesoverdracht Hmech(s) zal de positie y gelijk worden aan de referentie r. In eerste benadering vertegenwoordigt Hmech(s) een massa en kan Hff(s) dus een constant verband weergeven tussen de gewenste versnelling en de uitgeoefende kracht. In de loop van de tijd is Hff(s) een steeds betere benadering gaan vormen van de werkelijke inverse procesoverdracht Hmech-1(s). Voor een steeds hogere nauwkeurigheid loopt fysische modelvorming echter tegen grenzen aan. Dan kan gebruik gemaakt worden van een vrije filterstructuur waarvan de parameters automatisch worden geoptimaliseerd aan de hand van gemeten data (black-box optimalisatie). De uiteindelijke positienauwkeurigheid van de stage wordt bepaald door het regelaarontwerp, het stageontwerp dat voor de regelaar de beperking vormt, en de aanwezigheid van storingen die op de stage inwerken. Voor het bereiken van een hogere nauwkeurigheid is een steeds verdergaande fysische kennis van het systeem nodig. Grenzen aan fysisch begrip maken automatische optimalisatie van vrije-structuurfilters soms nodig. Het blijft echter altijd belangrijk de uitkomst van deze optimalisatie te toetsen aan het gezonde verstand om te achterhalen welk fysisch verschijnsel de oorzaak is van het te compenseren verschijnsel.

Toekomstige ontwikkelingen Om de productie van nieuwe generaties IC’s mogelijk te kunnen maken, is een verdere verhoging van positienauwkeurigheid nodig. Vergroting van de waferdiameter naar 450 mm zal bovendien leiden tot grotere stages met meer dynamische complexiteit en grotere benodigde krachten voor de versnelling. Vergroting van de regelaarbandbreedte, en dus de storingsonderdrukking, van de stage is het belangrijkste middel tot verhoging van de positienauwkeurigheid. Deze wordt echter beperkt door het hoogfrequent dynamisch gedrag van de stage. Met het gebruik van meer dan zes sensoren en/of actuatoren is het mogelijk om de stage dynamica beter te controleren en zo de bandbreedtelimiet te slechten. Verder zullen de volgende regeltechnische onderzoeksterreinen de komende jaren aan aandacht winnen:

1.

Actieve beheersing van vervormingen met behulp van regelkringen.

2.

Regeltechnische koppelingen tussen stages, lenzen, frames en meetsystemen.

3.

Complexiteit en de te bedienen vrijheidsgraden van planaire lange-slag motoren.

4.

Plaatsafhankelijke observatie van dynamische modes met beperkte meetmiddelen.

5.

Actieve systemen om de lens dynamisch te stabiliseren.

Samenvatting en conclusie De stagepositieregelingen maken grotendeels gebruik van klassieke regeltechniek, waarbij niet-lineariteit, koppeling van vrijheidsgraden en interactie met andere systemen zo goed mogelijk fysisch wordt gemodelleerd en gecompenseerd. De positienauwkeurigheden die hiermee worden bereikt hebben fabricage van chips met minimale componentafbeeldingen van 20 nm mogelijk gemaakt. Ook voor de volgende generatie chips, gemaakt met EUV machines, houdt deze tactiek stand. Voor de verdere toekomst worden deformaties, dynamisch gedrag van de stages en koppeling van deelcomponenten steeds belangrijker. Naar verwachting zal regeltechniek bij al deze onderwerpen een toenemende rol spelen.

Figuur 4: Regelschema van terugkoppellus, met indicatie van de voor storingsonderdrukking belangrijke signalen.

September 2013  | 27

IVereniging

Introducing: candidate M

y name is Esmee Huismans, I am a thirdyear Electrical Engineering student and I would like to introduce myself as the candidate President of the e.t.s.v. Thor. After living with my parents in Oss for almost 18 years I decided in the spring of 2011 to move to Eindhoven. This was half a year after I started this study. The moment I began here, I knew I made the right decision. I enjoy my study and even more the company of all the people of our study association.

editorial-board member of the Connecthor. This year I would like to challenge myself even more. I want to do something besides following the study. To become a member of a Thor board is the perfect opportunity to develop myself and be challenged. I am looking forward to the following year as a representative of our study association. I have a great group of friends to work with next year and I am confident that we will manage to make this year one to never forget.

Over the past two years, I have been active in several committees. In my first year I joined the Ivaldi and last year I was a member of the ACCI. Nowadays I am still active as an

Geen Gedonder! Esmee Huismans President

M

Pasquale van Heumen Secretary

M

y name is Rens Hoenen, I am 19 years old and live in Vught with my parents. After six years at Beekvliet, my secondary school, I decided to study Electrical-Engineering in Eindhoven. I am still very happy with this choice, not only because I think this is the right study but also because I have a really great time here with all my friends. In the first year, after a great introduction week, I decided to join the Ivaldi and after that, in the second year, I joined the ACCI. After those two years, I knew I wanted to do more besides my study, so I decided that I wanted to be on the board of our study association and I want to introduce myself as the candidate treasurer of the e.t.s.v. Thor. I hope

28 |  connecthor 

y name is Pasquale van Heumen. I was born on the 5th of July in 1991. For 21 years I lived in Drunen; a place near the national park ‘Loonse en Drunense duinen’. I was in secondary school in Waalwijk on the Dr. Mollercollege. There, in my 3rd year I already knew that I wanted to go study Physics or Electrical Engineering. In the end I decided to go for Electrical Engineering. In fact, I had not decided at all. On an information event about studies, the guy of physics wasn’t present and that’s the reason I chose EE.

board in their 2nd year. Why would I like to be part of the board now? Before, I was a volunteer of a youth center and there I was responsible for all technical stuff. Unfortunately, the youth center stopped its activities. Now, by joining the board I will get responsibilities other than only technical. Besides that, I have with my fellow board members the chance to initiate new activities, which hopefully will increase the diversity of Thor and eventually will keep the association alive and kicking for many years.

Now, as a 4th year student, I decide to join the board of Thor as secretary, which is an unusual choice. Most students choose to join the

Geen gedonder!

I can learn a lot from being a board member and I think it will be a great way to develop myself. I know this will be a great and unforgettable year. I hope we will have a lot of fun but also do a lot for the study association.

Geen Gedonder!

Rens Hoenen Treasurer

Vereniging I

board of Thor I

Linda Janssen Vice President & Commissioner of Public Relations

H

ello, I am Bram Witteman and I want to be the Commissioner of Education of e.t.s.v. Thor next year. Half a year ago I was contacted if I would like to be in the 57th Board of Thor. After some discussions with my parents and friends I decided to do it. I live in Eindhoven in an old monastery with 29 other students. Along with some roommates we have a house council, we organize parties and activities for the rest of the house and friends. On the other hand we are responsible for the house, so when a toilet is clogged we have to call companies that would fix that. Before I moved to Eindhoven I lived in Gilze with my parents and my two younger brothers. The middle one is also going to study Electrical

would like to introduce myself as the candidate for the position of Public Relations and Vice President of the study association Thor. My name is Linda Janssen and I have been studying Electrical Engineering for two years now. Besides studying Electrical Engineering I am also a member of the Bartenders Guild. I bartend once a week in the faculty bar Het Walhalla. To relax during the week, I take Salsa lessons and game with my friends. I also like to cook and go out in the city. Before studying here in Eindhoven, I lived with my parents in Brunssum. It is a little town in the province of Limburg very near the German border. When I started studying I got my own place in the south of Eindhoven with two roommates. One

Geen Gedonder!

Engineering at the TU/e. Besides my study I do a lot of other stuff like working, crafting, going out, and gaming. I have two jobs, I work for my uncle in the metal recycling business and I have my own web-design business. Web design was first a hobby of mine and turned into a profitable business. Geen Gedonder!

Bram Witteman Commissioner of Education

M

y name is Sebastiaan Goossens, currently 20 years old. I was born and raised in Helmond, which is located a little to the east of Eindhoven. I got my VWO NT diploma on the Carolus Borromeus College. During my last year there, I decided to do Electrical Engineering in Eindhoven, mostly because of the close distance to my home town. In May of this year, I moved to Eindhoven where I have lived since then. Currently, I work for the Educational Team of the department of Electrical Engineering and in my free time, I like to play the guitar and next to that, I regularly play tennis. Sebastiaan Goossens Commissioner of the Walhalla

of my roommates is Esmee Huismans, who is the candidate for the position of President. My other roommate is Rob Sanders, who is also an Electrical-Engineering student and my dance partner. I am really looking forward to the upcoming year. I hope to represent our study association proudly and also have an awesome year in which I will get a lot of great memories.

During the first semester of my first year, I wasn’t really involved with Thor. It was after this that I joined the Ivaldi and started to experience the amazing atmosphere of Thor. During my second year I joined the ACCI and also became a member of the Bartenders team of ‘Het Walhalla’, our faculty bar located in the cellar of our building. During this year, Thor seemed to become more and more part of my daily life and so I got interested in participating in the Board of the following year. Combined with all the fun times I experienced being involved with bartending, I became very interested in becoming Commissioner of the Walhalla. Geen Gedonder!

September 2013  | 29

IVereniging

Elektrotechnische studievereniging Thor \\ Ge e n G edo n d er!

E

.t.s.v. Thor is the study association of the department of Electrical Engineering. You can find Thor on the second floor of the Potentiaal building at Eindhoven University of Technology. Thor focusses on the enrichment of the students of Electrical Engineering and Automotive. Thor helps students develop themselves during their studentship. This is achieved by various activities organized for and by students. The Board of Thor is responsible for keeping the association alive and making sure everything goes well. However they cannot do this by themselves. Thor has several members who voluntarily help. They do this by joining committees and organizing all kinds of activities for the students from the department of Electrical Engineering. The activities employed by Thor members mostly revolve around three themes: Education, Development and Recreation. Some activities of Thor are embedded in the regular courses of students, like guest lectures and some excursions. Other activities try to enhance the development of the students. The study tours, conferences and workshops are a good example of this. Finally, recreation includes activities that do not have any special relationship to the study Electrical Engineering, but that are employed to improve the social life of the students. The most evident example of this part of Thor is Het Walhalla, the association’s own pub in the basement of the Potentiaal building. Thor tries to make the life of students a bit easier by offering different services. By being a member of Thor you can order you

books, as cheap as possible, at the web shop of Studystore. After you have ordered the books you can collect these at the Board room. Furthermore, Thor collects old exams and keeps them well organized in an exam archive which can be found on www.thor.edu. Students can use these old exams to prepare themselves. Thor also offers the possibility to withdraw money and to upgrade your print credit. The Board is available to answer any questions you have regarding the study or activities. Besides organizing activities, Thor does much more. In collaboration with the department a professional association magazine is produced, the Connecthor, the magazine you are reading right now. Furthermore there are students who take photographs of all the different activities and sort these pictures so that suitable photos can be put online. Other students manage the committee computers and the servers of Thor. Almost every year a yearbook is published in which you can read about everything that took place during that year. Thor has a special committee for first year students, the Ivaldi. In this committee you are introduced in the concept of organizing an activity. A recurring activity of the Ivaldi is the Parents Day. During that day your parents can take a look at what you learn while studying

30 |  connecthor 

Electrical Engineering or Automotive. This committee also throws a themed party in Het Walhalla every year. All students, Bachelor and Master, are more than welcome at Thor for both organizing and joining the activities. You can choose from our broad spectrum of activities and there will definitely be some that you will enjoy. Thor is the right place to develop yourself and to learn how to organize different things. You can mean a lot to your fellow students and have a great experience while being a part of Thor. In short, Thor is a study association with an ideal combination of education, development and recreation for every student of the department of Electrical Engineering.

Faculteit I

What is the Student Body? T

he student body (SB) is the centre of educational participation at the department of Electrical Engineering. The SB is run by three students who are on the payroll of the department. Any student who has suggestions, complaints, or questions about the educational activities can come to the SB. But the student body has more tasks: •

Organization of the Panel of education

•

Organizing the year councils.

•

Support the students in the department council and the education council.

•

Organizing Explore Your Master

•

Writing evaluation reports after a semester.

•

Distribute the yearly education award for the best teacher.

•

Checking the class and exam schedules.

•

Organizing the barbecue for all students who are active in educational participation.

•

Organizing the yearly TU/e introduction week in collaboration with Thor.

council and their goal is to solve the problems that arise in their respective year. The SB also makes sure that all the problems are written down correctly and saved for later use. This information is bundled in a report, which is handed over to the educational committee at the end of each semester. Should a problem arise that is too big for the council to handle by themselves, the SB will take this problem one level higher to the so-called PE meeting (short for: panel of education). In this meeting, representatives of all the relevant committees are present and the problems can be dealt with on a larger scale. The director of education is of course also present here and therefore he is always well informed about the current affairs in the faculty.

What else do we do? Beside our main goal of improving the education at this faculty we have some extra activities:

In short: the Student Body is there to improve the educational activities for everyone on this faculty!

How do we do it? In finding issues with the educational program the year councils are an important tool. Each year is represented by its own

•

•

Education award: each year education awards are handed out to the best teachers of this faculty. This is done on the basis of surveys and there is an award for the best lectures and the best study material.

SB

PE-barbecue: to thank all the students and staff members who participate in the improvement of the education the SB organizes a free barbecue each year. During this barbecue there is a special award for the people who are now leaving the university but have, during their time here, done a lot of educational activities.

•

Introduction week: in collaboration with Thor, the SB organizes the introduction week. This week is a week of study and fun and is meant to guide the new firstyear students through Eindhoven and the their first steps through the TU/e

•

Explore Your Master: each year there is a three-day event called “explore your master”. During this event all the capacity groups of this faculty present themselves to the third-year students who have to choose the track for their masters in the next year.

How can you reach the Student Body? The student body can be reached in their office when the door is open. If the complaint is urgent or the door is closed, you can also always email to the student body. Email:

[email protected]

Tel:

(040)-2473534

Room:

PT 2.33

Who are the SB employee’s? Luc Denissen: [email protected] Tom Geelen:

[email protected]

Glenn Bergmans: [email protected]

September 2013  | 31

IVereniging

IEEE Student Branch Eindhoven \\ Ge t to kn ow yo u r l o c a l IEEE S tude nt B r an c h .

P

erhaps you have already heard of IEEE, or maybe you always wondered where for example the Wi-Fi standards set IEEE 802.11 was named after. Whether you are already familiar with IEEE or you have never heard of them before, in this article we would like to present what IEEE and its local Student Branch can do for you.

IEEE The IEEE (pronounced eye-triple-e) is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and aims to improve technological innovations. It is the world’s largest organization of engineers: the institute has over 400,000 members worldwide and operates in more than 160 countries. Amongst the members are about 100,000 student members, which are enlisted at one of the 1,800 Student Branches. You can see that IEEE forms a unique international network of professionals. Because of its worldwide operations, IEEE is a leading authority in several engineering fields, such as aerospace technologies, computers, telecommunications, power electronics, consumer electronics, and many more. Yearly, the IEEE publishes nearly 150 magazines on the latest technologies and developments. IEEE is also responsible for a large number of worldwide standards concerning electronics, for example the IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi standard set.

IEEE Student Branch Eindhoven One of the Student Branches of IEEE has been founded in Eindhoven. Students can become a member of IEEE there at reduced cost, profiting early of the benefits offered by IEEE and the activities organized by the Student Branch. The IEEE membership includes the

magazine Spectrum, discounts on conference fees, local events and more. It is a good way to stay informed of the developments within your technical field. The Student Branch mainly focuses on (international) Master students and PhDs, but can also be interesting for Bachelor students. They organize several technical and social activities throughout the year, such as a LaTeX mark-up language workshop, a sailing weekend with other Student Branches, IEEEXtreme programming competition, a career day and both cultural and technical excursions.

SayCheeese The goal of the SayCheeese committee is to “Organize typical Dutch cultural activities for non-Dutch students.” Also, the committee tries to involve the participating students by letting them decide what kind of activities they would like organized, or even help organize some activities. Activities organized in the past are a blind Dutch food tasting, a pancake lunch, ice skating and many more. If you want to join, or organize an activity you can mail them at [email protected].

Woman In Engineering Affinity Group The IEEE Student Brach Eindhoven also has a Women In Engineering Affinity Group (WIE AG). The purpose of this group is to promote the participation of women in engineering studies. They organize several activities throughout the year, ranging from workshops to the infamous cocktail party. If you would like to know more about the WIE AG, you can contact them at [email protected], or check the website of the IEEE Student Branch Eindhoven.

Membership If you would like to sign up for membership, you can always visit our office (PT 2.35). We will be happy to help you and answer your questions. You can become a member for only €22,-. Memberships for PhDs are sponsored by the department of Electrical Engineering. Besides that, PhDs can also choose one society aimed at a specific technical field to join for free. If you would like to join the IEEE Student Branch, do not hesitate to visit us in our office at PT 2.35. For more information, you can always stop by our office or check our website at www.ieee.tue.nl.

32 |  connecthor 

Vereniging I

Het Walhalla, de hemel van E-hoog

H

et Walhalla is de faculteitskroeg van de faculteit Electrical Engineering. Het Walhalla is opgericht in 1974 en is al die jaren de beste kroeg op de TU/e-campus geweest. Het Walhalla is te vinden in de kelder van Potentiaal en is elke werkdag geopend van 16:30u tot 19:00u. Andere faculteitskroegen op de campus zijn alleen op donderdag geopend; met deze openingstijden hebben we dus de meeste openingsuren van de campus! In het Walhalla wordt Bavaria bier geschonken. Naast het Bavaria bier op de tap worden er verschillende speciaalbieren, speciaalbieren

op de wisseltap, wijnen, sterke dranken en frisdranken geschonken. Ook zijn er voor de hongerige klant snacks te verkrijgen. Het Walhalla wordt draaiende gehouden door de Tappers onder leiding van de Commissaris Walhalla of een Walhalla Commissie. Tappers zijn studenten van de faculteit Electrical Engineering die voor de gezelligheid vrijwillig achter de bar staan. Tapper wordt je niet zomaar, hier gaat een opleiding van ongeveer 5 maanden aan vooraf. Wanneer een tapper-in-opleiding goed genoeg bevonden wordt om als Tapper achter de bar te staan, krijgt hij een Tappersopdracht. Wanneer de Tappersopdracht met succes wordt afgerond, wordt de tapper-in-opleiding benoemd tot Tapper en ontvangt hij de felbegeerde Tappersblouse. Alle Tappers samen, ongeveer 10 tot 12 man, vormen het Tappersgilde. Het Walhalla is dus de ideale plek om lekker te ontspannen na colleges of werk. Onder het genot van een drankje kunnen colleges en lopende onderzoeken worden besproken, gehaalde tentamens worden gevierd en nietgehaalde tentamens worden verdronken. Ook wordt er vanzelfsprekend veel over

typische kroegonderwerpen gesproken die heel gezellig zijn, maar niet direct een nut hebben. Ook voor de prijs hoef je het niet te laten, een bierkaart met 10 bier kost slechts € 5,-. Dit is nog geen 50 cent per biertje! Het Walhalla is er natuurlijk niet alleen voor studenten. Het oorspronkelijke doel van het Walhalla is het contact tussen medewerkers en studenten bevorderen. Medewerkers zijn dus ook van harte welkom om gezellig een drankje te komen drinken. De Tappers hopen het komende jaar weer veel eerstejaars, ouderejaars en medewerkers te verwelkomen om er weer een gezellig jaar van te maken! Tot in het Walhalla!

Solar Team Eindhoven \\ Vo o r n i et s ko m t de zon op!

D

e recente ontwikkelingen binnen de automotive wereld en de aankondiging vanuit de World Solar Challenge® een nieuwe klasse in het leven te roepen, vormden rond september 2012 reden tot het oprichten van TU/e’s eigen Solar Team Eindhoven.

niveau te tillen door een gebruiksvriendelijke variant te maken: waar zonnewagens voorheen niet meer waren dan ‘ligfietsen voorzien van een zonnepaneel’, ontwierp en produceerde Solar Team Eindhoven ‘Stella - ’s werelds eerste gezinsauto op zonne-energie’.

Eens in de twee jaar loopt menig Nederlander warm bij de nieuwsberichten over de prestaties van de reeds langer bestaande Nederlandse teams uit Delft en Twente. Solar Team Eindhoven besloot echter het fenomeen ‘zonne-auto’s’ tot een geheel nieuw

Stella biedt plek aan vier personen en heeft genoeg ruimte voor bagage. Door gebruik te maken van onder andere lichtgewicht constructies en hoogefficiënte elektrische componenten is Stella, ondanks haar grote capaciteit, alsnog zuinig en comfortabel in het gebruik. In Nederland kan de auto op een zonnige dag tot wel 680 kilometer rijden! Afgelopen academisch jaar streefde het team, afkomstig van een zevental faculteiten binnen de TU/e ernaar, de visie waar te maken. De periode van 6 tot 13 oktober vormt het moment van de waarheid: zal al het harde werk beloond worden tijdens de Challenge?

Solar Team Eindhoven zal met Stella deelnemen aan de nieuwe ‘Cruiser Class’ van de World Solar Challenge®: een 3000 km lange rit dwars door de outback van Australië. De beoordeling binnen deze klasse berust naast de verreden snelheid ook op het aantal vervoerde personen, het energieverbruik en het gebruiksgemak. Nieuwsgierig geworden? Volg het team op: solarteameindhoven.nl of loop een keertje Potentiaal 0.01 binnen!

September 2013  | 33

IVereniging

Communicatiedispuut ODIN \\ Ee n h ei d do o r c om m uni c ati e

C

ommunicatiedispuut ODIN is a student branch of e.t.s.v. Thor from the Electrical Engineering faculty of the Technical University of Eindhoven. ODIN focuses on students who are interested in the area of telecommunication and information technology. By organizing excursions, study-trips and lunch lectures we give the students the opportunity to discover these interesting fields of Electrical Engineering as well as getting into contact with your possible future employer!

Besides these educational/informative lectures, ODIN also has some other entertaining activities. For example a yearly barbecue, a members’ night, ODDDDIN and more! If you want to stay posted on the upcoming activities keep an eye out for our posters or visit our website http://www.ODIN. ele.tue.nl. If you are interested in telecommunication and/or information technology, then it is definitely worth becoming a member of ODIN. If you are an Electrical Engineering student and you have finished your first year, you can become a member. Our membership fee is only €2,50 per year or €5,00 for the entire duration of your study. This includes advantages like (mostly) free lectures and excursions. If you want to become a member or receive some more information, stop by at our room PT 11.35, which is open almost every lunch break.

Every Tuesday during the break we have our “communicatie-uurtje” where our members come by at PT 11.35 to have lunch together and catch up, discuss upcoming events or just relax. If this made you curious or you want some more information, then join us sometime during the lunch break! On behalf of the entire board, EENHEID!

Draaistroomdispuut Waldur \\ De een h ei d va n stro o m i s k A!

W

aldur is een vereniging, onderdeel van Thor, die zich vooral bezig houdt met studieverbredende en -verdiepende activiteiten. Deze activiteiten worden vaak in de vorm van excursies of lunchlezingen gegoten. De activiteiten van Waldur zijn vooral gericht op energietechniek, vermogenselektronica en elektrische machines (motoren, generatoren en actuatoren). Ook heeft zij een groot aantal begunstigers. Dit zijn afgestudeerde leden die nog steeds met Waldur in contact blijven en één keer per jaar mee gaan met de begunstigersdag. Deze begunstigersdag biedt de ideale mogelijkheid om te netwerken met mensen uit de bedrijfswereld tijdens een interessante excursie met een etentje achteraf.

Door deze grote achterban, een actief bestuur en veel actieve leden, kunnen wij, de bestuursleden, zeer unieke excursies aanbieden die we vaak met een touringcar bezoeken. Zo hebben we onder andere met de bijbehorende pakken aan in de cleanroom van ASML gestaan, de testfaciliteiten van DNV KEMA in Arnhem bezocht (die zijn ongeveer het grootste ter wereld) en hebben we de kerncentrale in Borssele bezocht. Ook zijn er bij Waldur teambuilding activiteiten. Zo zijn we afgelopen jaar met ODIN en IEEE gaan paintballen en zijn we met de actieve leden gaan karten en steengrillen. De samenwerking tussen Waldur, ODIN en IEEE reikt dit jaar tot in Zwitserland. Dit is één van de bestemmingen waar de buitenlandse reis van dit jaar naar toe zal gaan. Hier gaan we CERN en de halfgeleiderfabriek van ABB bezoeken. Op de agenda staat wegens groot succes onder andere opnieuw de kerncentrale van Borssele. Ook zal de beruchte lunchlezing van TenneT weer gehouden worden en er zal een

34 |  connecthor 

lunchlezing van DNV KEMA aan toe worden gevoegd. Uiteraard wordt er ook weer een begunstigersdag georganiseerd. Daarbovenop wordt door ons iedere maandag een koffie-uurtje georganiseerd met iedere tweede maandag van de maand vlaai. Iedereen die geïnteresseerd is in onze uitjes is welkom om mee te gaan, meldt je wel op tijd aan want de inschrijflijsten zijn altijd snel vol! Je kunt ons vinden in Impuls 1.05b of via de website www.waldur.nl.

Faculteit I

TU/eXperience

Text: Pauline van Gelder-Hoen, Photos: Rick Hilkens

\\ Pu b l i ek s da g - J une 2 nd 2 0 1 3

Y

our fantasy / our technique! Again the three strategic areas “Health”, “Smart Mobility” and “Energy” were highlighted during this yearly event. Being part of The Dutch Technology Week (DTW), a yearly event since 2012, TU/e opened its doors to visitors of all ages to come see how fantastic technology is. The Auditorium and the MetaForum market hall were open for visitors, just like the Potentiaal, Impuls and Corona buildings. The Department of Electrical Engineering once again welcomed many visitors. The three strategic areas were presented throughout our department (Potentiaal, Impuls and Corona). To mention a few of the many demos given…

Smart Mobility In front of the Potentiaal Building, several electric cars were demonstrated. A Tesla Model S, an Opel Ampera, a Nissan Leaf, and a Toyota Prius Plugin were attracting a lot of interested visitors. People could see for themselves how big the diversity in electric cars can be. Of course our University Racing Car was present too. On the walking path between the Auditorium and the Vertigo building the electric car of TU/ecomotive drove around to impress the visitors. Apart from the cars shown, several other smart mobility demonstrations were given, such as the radio graphically controllable model cars, and several members of the solar team talked about the motor of their family car on solar energy.

Health A lecture about prostate cancer detection, the first-year’s project “rock your baby” and the wireless measurement of heartbeats were all given and demonstrated on Floor 0. Rose the care robot and HiPerMotion, a machine to help you do your daily workout more efficiently, were given on Floor 1 of Potentiaal. A small lecture on the detection of early forms of oesophagus cancer was on the first floor of Corona.

game that can be used as an enhancement tool for Physics teachers during their lessons, was visited by many interested players. The Publieksdag was well visited. We were thrilled to see so many happy faces coming into our building and leaving it even happier. Many thanks go out to all people involved in making this day a true TU/eXperience!

Energy The strategic area Energy could be found in lots of demos spread over the three buildings. The Sustainable dance floor and makeyour-own-electric-flashlight together with the team from The Jonge Onderzoekers Eindhoven were actively visited by the younger visitors. A pianist on an electrical piano played music to accompany the Tesla Coil. The E and Eve’s Electrical Endeavors, our

September 2013  | 35

GEZOCHT: HORIZONVERBREDERS M/V

“Meebouwen aan een van de grootste Nederlandse producten” Roel Bouckaert, Production Controller IHC Merwede is wereldmarktleider in de bouw van gespecialiseerde schepen voor natte mijnbouw- en baggeractiviteiten en een belangrijke speler op het gebied van complexe custom-built offshore schepen. Daarnaast ontwikkelen we voor alle schepen die we bouwen geavanceerd equipment en bieden we life cycle support. Dit realiseren we dagelijks met ruim 3.000 collega’s in binnen- en buitenland. Werken bij IHC Merwede betekent dat je de kans krijgt om alles uit jezelf te halen en met ons mee te innoveren. Uitstekende arbeidsvoorwaarden zijn bij ons standaard. Net als ruimte om jezelf te ontwikkelen en de kans op doorstroming in Nederland of in het buitenland. Bij ons ga je het maximale uit jezelf halen, dat is een garantie! Kijk voor meer informatie over carrièremogelijkheden en stages, afstuderen of traineeships op www.ihcjobs.nl.

INNOVATE YOURSELF@ ihcjobs.nl

Faculteit I

EES PhDs visit ENTSO-E and KU Leuven By: Helder Lopes Ferreira and Petr Kadurek

I

t was at the end of May 2013, when PhDs from the Electrical Energy System group at the TU/e were up to their new adventures. After many visits giving the PhDs of our group a more complete vision on power-system operation and on perspectives of different stakeholders involved, we decided to visit ENTSO-E and our comrades at the KU Leuven in Belgium. The PhD group organizes two visits per year to industry or academic institutions to maintain contacts and to broaden the horizons of PhD students before their graduation. A more complete perspective on the operation and planning of our power system will most probably be advantageous after their graduation and can enable a more successful implementation of their ideas in the complexity of diverse aspects within the whole power system.

ENTSO-E visit A transmission system operator (TSO) has the task to manage the transmission network to transport bulk quantities of electricity within its service area (e.g., a country). In the Netherlands, this task is assigned to TenneT TSO B.V. During our last PhD visit at the end of 2012, we had the chance to spend some time at TenneT, where we realized how challenging the task of TSOs really is. TSOs not only operate their own network, but they also have to collaborate and coordinate with other TSOs, especially the neighboring ones,

and manage electricity network interconnections spanning across different service areas and countries. Furthermore, economic reasons are among the key drivers for increasing interconnection capacity between European countries. The investment coordination across borders is required to better utilize their current and future assets. Fundamental for integration is harmonization, a set of common rules and definitions, which allows TSOs to describe the operation of their power system in their service areas. Therefore, the European Network of Transmission System Operators of Electricity, or in short ENTSO-E, was established in 2008 (with the EU Third Energy Package). It became operational in 2009, with the aim to manage and coordinate investments across borders (and across different service areas) and also to provide joint technical rules (norms) for the TSOs under its umbrella. Currently (mid 2013) there are 41 TSOs from 34 countries grouped in 5 regional groups connected in ENTSO-E. ENTSO-E does not have an easy task, as it coordinates long-term plans on European level with tremendous uncertainty. They have to make decisions, based on possible scenarios for decades ahead from now. To find an optimal solution to increase the social welfare in Europe is definitely not easy, especially if different investments requirements span across multiple service areas of different TSOs.

Moreover, ENTSO-E has a major challenge, which is to draft European laws applicable to all TSOs. You might think that this puts it into a biased position to draft laws for the EU, but the situation is a bit more complicated. All aspects of all stakeholders have to be carefully considered to pass any law at European level. All stakeholders in the power system, including the customer representatives, have to agree upon the proposed codes and have to reach a consensus. This reaching of a consensus between all stakeholders and all parties involved in the power system was mentioned as one of the most challenging tasks for ENTSO-E in the meeting held there. In the end, the EES PhDs had a great time discussing all these issues with European experts in the field, in a friendly environment.

KU Leuven visit After visiting ENTSO-E in Brussels, we headed towards the city with… the longest bar in Belgium: Leuven. There, we visited our comrades at the KU Leuven, the Department of Electrical Engineering, in the ELECTA division. ELECTA covers the broad spectrum of electrical-energy systems and robust control of industrial systems. The development of the future smart grid is the key activity of this division. We were welcomed by Barry, who arranged a presentation for us about this division, their current work and their future developments. Of course, we also had a lab tour to get a glimpse of the practical aspects of the projects currently being researched. We have realized that many research areas open up space for further collaboration as they have a similar background or are growing in the same direction. Afterwards, we visited a poster exhibition where MSc students explained the outcomes of their theses. There, we also exchanged ideas with these students and with the PhD and postdoc colleagues involved in these projects. It was indeed a pleasant and valuable day, during which we got to know more about the regulatory and organizational world of power systems in Europe in ENTO-E and we improved our contacts with and awareness of another high-level European University: the KU Leuven.

September 2013  | 37

IVaria

An experience to never forget By: Christopher Geelen

\\ I ntern s h i p i n C hr i stchurch, New Ze a l a nd

K

ia Ora!

I remember my first days like it was yesterday. After a 32 hour flight, I arrived at the other side of the world. The place where people refer to themselves as Kiwis, where January means the middle of summer, where everybody knows the Lord of the Rings, where the rugby team does a war dance and where the original culture, Maori, is still present: New Zealand. Since it was high season and also the start of the academic year of the University of Canterbury, hostels were stuffed and some people were forced to sleep in the park or at the airport. I praised myself lucky for having booked a hostel a week in advance. After my first week, after having arranged a bank account, phone number, bus card and a place to stay (which wasn’t easy, since I had to compete against all fresh Kiwi students), it was time to start with my internship. The project involved the design of a fully autonomous hovering system for an Unmanned Rotorcraft Vehicle (URV), in this case a RC Helicopter. Because of their ability to hover in free flight and to take off and land vertically, helicopters are one of the most versatile aerial vehicles.

URV’s can be used for numerous applications, including military (border patrol), monitoring (forest fires, agriculture, human crowds during major events) and inspection (power cables, high buildings). The autonomous hovering system is realized by controlling four degrees of freedom: forward rotation (pitch), sideways rotation (roll), heading rotation (yaw) and altitude. The three rotations are kept at a constant, stable set-point while the altitude can be varied. For this goal, a unique 6-DOF experimental test bed has been developed. This test frame allows users to safely test autopilot systems, while ensuring pilot safety and preventing damage to the URV. The test set-up uses an IMU for rotation measurements and a linear encoder for altitude measurements, while using a NI sbRIO-9605 for running the LabVIEW software implementation. The model of the helicopter set-up is obtained using a Hybrid MultiLayer Perceptron (HMLP) Neural Network. Neural Networks assume that the system is an unknown black box and try to find relations between input and output by using machine learning. Using a Neural Network eliminates the necessity of constructing complex mathematical models and also provides the possibility to easily map our method to other helicopter models. However, the main disadvantage of using Neural Networks is that it will always remain an approximation of the actual model and you always have to be careful for over-fitting.

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Varia I

This model is then controlled using an augmented Model Predictive Controller (MPC). A MPC predicts system behavior and then calculates a controller that will map this behavior to a desired state. This controller acts on a continuously updated linear model of the Neural Network, hence ensuring short computation times. High accuracy is maintained if the prediction horizon is kept low (since the linearized model is not accurate enough in the far future), but not too low (to still give maximum information to the controller). In our project, the controller is also compared to a controller using Laguerre functions to express the control horizon (which in theory should be better, but in our practice it appeared not, due to the linearization). After many hours of testing, redesigning, testing, two fires (yes, we had to use the fire extinguisher), and some more testing, we finally managed to achieve a full 4-DOF controlled helicopter. After all those hours, it certainly was a relief when the whole system worked! I used the remainder of my time to collect some data to compare different types of controllers and to finish writing my report.

During my internship period, I met a lot of great people and with them I did a lot of travelling. I think the most memorable moment was when I was swimming with a school of 300-400 wild dolphins in Kaikoura. Oh wait, the most memorable was when we did the four-day hike (or tramping, as Kiwis call it), at the Abel Tasman Coast Track, sleeping in tents and carrying all food, clothes, stove and pans in our backpacks. Or the most memorable was when we did the one-day hike, all the way up the snow mountain at Mount Somers. Dutch Queensday party is also a day that I won’t forget: Celebrating that WillemAlexander became king, with free ‘bitterballen’, ‘knakworsten’, herring and Heineken beer, all from the Dutch Ambassy. Of course there are many more memorable moments, like going to the All Blacks match vs France (with four French friends), having the car break down 360 kms away from home, going to a rifle range, horse riding, beer festival, etc. The last day of my internship was on the 7th of June. One week later, on the 15th, my girlfriend Yvette arrived and our big, four-week round trip in New Zealand could start. During

this round trip, we experienced so many things; it is hard to mention it all. We encountered so much wildlife: hundreds of seals, albatrosses, birds, even a few penguins. We took some beautiful cruises in Milford Sounds and Bay of Islands. We did some shopping in the two big cities, Wellington and Auckland. We also did some amazing activities, like firsttime snowboarding in Queenstown, rafting down a 7m waterfall in Rotorua and digging and bathing in our own hot-water pool (in winter!) at the Hot Water Beach. But most of all, we experienced stunning scenery: from forests to beaches, from glaciers to mountains, and from lakes to islands. Unfortunately, after this trip it was time to return home. I have experienced so many great things and met so many great people. I feel lucky that I had this opportunity and will treasure every moment. My advice to anyone who is still deciding on their internship: go abroad, while you still have the chance!

September 2013  | 39

IPuzzle

Puzzle Solution puzzle Connecthor 22 We received several answers for the previous puzzle. One of them will receive the ‘vlaai’ for the correct answer. Curious who? Just wait for the next Connecthor. Curious for the correct answer to the puzzle? Here it is.

Rules / Objectives new puzzle •

Example:

•

Each clue indicates a group of contiguous

squares of like color.

•

Between each group there is at least one

empty square. •

The clues are already in the correct sequence.

•

Groups of different colors may or may not have empty squares between them.

Please send your answer to [email protected] before 18 October if you would like to win the next ‘vlaai‘.

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Agenda I

Upcoming activities September Thor – 19 September After intro party

Thor – 30 September GMM (Board change)

Thor – 26 September Generatie-2008-had-afgestudeerd-kunnen-zijn-feest

October IEEE SBE – 1 October IEEE Day

TU/e – 18-19 October Open Days

Thor – 2 October Workshop Volundr

During the program of the Open Days, pupils in the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th grade of VWO get informed about the content of our Bachelor curricula and the professional opportunities.

Thor – 2-3 October GMM (Board change) Thor – 10 October Constitution drink 57th Board

IEEE SBE – 26 October IEEE Xtreme 7.0

November Thor – 4 November TV deconstruction

Thor – 28 November Dies of Thor

December Thor – 5 December Excursion ASML

September 2013  | 41

How do you create a logic gate using just 24 silicon atoms? Join ASML as an Electronics Engineer and help push the boundaries of technology. As one of the world’s leading providers of lithography systems for the semiconductor industry, we bring together the most creative minds in science and technology to help produce increasingly cheaper, faster and more energy-efficient microchips. For the past 25 years, we’ve been helping to realize Moore’s law. Now we want to go even further: to enable the tripling, or even the quadrupling of chip-feature density every two years. That’s why we need talented Electronics Engineers. People who can, for example, increase the speed and the precision of our systems integration, and thereby enable future logic gates no bigger than a few silicon atoms. It’s just one of the many electronics challenges at ASML. And there are countless more – all targeted at achieving more than Moore’s prediction. If you’re up for these challenges, we’ll put you in a multidisciplinary team and give you plenty of freedom to experiment and learn new skills. What Moore could you want?

www.asml.com/careers