DAFTAR ISI
Hal. ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................. i ii KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................... iii UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH...................................................................................... ix DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. xiii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xv DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................ BAB I
BAB II
PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang Masalah ..................................................
1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah .............................................................
12
1.3. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .........................................
12
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian......................................................
12
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian....................................................
13
KAJIAN PUSTAKA, KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN, DAN HIPOTESIS 2.1 Konsep Permintaan ............................................................
14
2.1.1 Definisi Permintaan ..................................................
14
2.1.2 Permintaan Pasar ......................................................
16
2.1.2.1 Perilaku Konsumen ......................................
19
2.1.2.2 Pengambilan Keputusan Konsumen.............
23
2.1.3 Hukum Permintaan ...................................................
29
2.1.4 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan .................... 29 2.2 Konsep Pariwisata ................................................................
31
31 2.2.1 Definisi Pariwisata ................................................................ 2.2.2 Jenis dan Bentuk Pariwisata ................................................... 33 2.2.3 Pariwisata Sebagai Industri .................................................... 35 2.2.4 Pentingnya Pariwisata Bagi Perekonomian..............
37
2.3 Permintaan Pariwisata .........................................................
38
2.4 Konsep Gross Domestic Product (GDP) .............................
43
ix
2.4.1 Definisi Gross Domestic Product (GDP) .................
43
2.4.2 GDP Per Kapita ........................................................
45
2.5 Konsep Nilai Tukar .............................................................
47
2.5.1 Definisi Nilai Tukar .................................................
47
2.5.2 Kurs Nominal dan Riil .............................................
48
2.5.3 Pasar Valuta Asing ...................................................
49
2.5.4 Sistem Kurs Valuta Asing ........................................
51
2.6 Volume Perdagangan ..........................................................
53
2.6.1 Perdagangan Internasional .......................................
53
2.6.1.1 Teori Perdagangan Internasional ..................
53
2.6.1.2 Peranan Perdagangan Internasional Dalam Perekonomian Nasional ...............................
57
2.6.2 Konsep Ekspor .........................................................
57
2.6.2.1 Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor ................................................................ 58
BAB III
2.6.3 Konsep Impor ...........................................................
59
2.6.3.1 Faktor-Faktor yang mempengaruhi Impor ...
60
2.7 Kajian Empiris Penelitian Terdahulu ..................................
60
2.8 Kerangka Pemikiran ............................................................
63
2.9 Hipotesis Penelitian .............................................................
71
METODE PENELITIAN 3.1.Objek Penelitian .................................................................
72
3.2.Metode Penelitian ................................................................
72
3.3.Operasionalisasi Variabel ....................................................
73
3.4.Teknik Pengumpulan Data .................................................
75
3.5. Teknik Analisis Data .........................................................
75
3.5.1 Pengujian Asumsi Klasik .........................................
76
3.5.2 Pengujian Hipotesis ..................................................
82
x
BAB IV
HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................................ 88 88 4.1.1 Gambaran Umum Penelitian ................................................................ 4.1.1.1 Gambaran Umum Permintaan Pariwisata WISMAN asal Singapura ................................ 88 4.1.1.2 Gambaran Umum GDP Per kapita 92 Singapura ................................................................ 95 4.1.1.3 Gambaran Umum Nilai Tukar riil ................................ 99 4.1.1.4 Gambaran Umum Volume Perdagangan ................................ 4.1.2 Analisis Data ................................................................ 102 104 4.1.3 Uji Asumsi Klasik ................................................................ 104 4.1.3.1 Uji Multikolinearitas ................................................................ 105 4.1.3.2 Uji Heteroskedastisitas ................................................................ 106 4.1.3.3 Uji Autokorelasi ................................................................ 107 4.1.4 Pengujian Hipotesis ................................................................ 4.1.4.1 Pengujian Koefisien Regresi Secara Parsial (Uji t) ................................................................107 4.1.4.2 Pengujian Koefisien Regresi Secara 109 Simultan (Uji F) ................................................................ 110 4.1.4.3 Pengujian Koefisien Determinasi Uji R2................................ 4.1.4.4 Pengujian Koefisien Beta ................................ 111 112 4.2 Pembahasan ................................................................................................ 4.2.1 Pengaruh GDP Per Kapita Terhadap Permintaan 112 WISMAN Asal Singapura di Indonesia ................................ 4.2.2 Pengaruh Nilai Tukar Riil Rupiah Terhadap Dollar Singapura Terhadap Permintaan Pariwisata 113 WISMAN asal Singapura di Indonesia ................................ 4.2.3 Pengaruh Volume Perdagangan Terhadap 116 Permintaan PariwisataWISMAN Asal Singapura ................................ 4.3 Implikasi Pendidikan ................................................................119
xi
BAB V
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Kesimpulan..........................................................................
123
5.2 Saran ....................................................................................
124
DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
xii
DAFTAR TABEL
Hal.
Tabel 1.1
Dampak Pariwisata Terhadap PDB Nasional Indonesia ................................ 3
1.2
Jumlah Wisatawan Asing yang Datang Ke Indonesia Periode 1996 5 - 2009 ................................................................................................................................
1.3
Jumlah Kedatangan Wisatawan Mancanegara ke Indonesia Menurut Negara Tempat Tinggal 2002 - 2009 ............................................................... 7
1.4
Jumlah Wisatawan Mancanegara Asal Singapura di Indonesia Periode 1990 - 2009 ................................................................................................ 8
2.1
Kajian Empiris Penelitian Terdahulu................................................................ 60
3.1
Definisi Operasionalisasi Variabel................................................................74
3.2
Uji Statistik Durbin – Watson d ....................................................................................... 81
3.3
Tabel ANOVA Untuk Regresi Tiga Variabel ................................................................ 84
4.1
Jumah Wisatawan Mancanegara asal Singapura di Indonesia 89 Periode 1990-2009 ................................................................................................
4.2
GDP Per Kapita Singapura Periode 1990-2009 (harga konstan 93 tahun 2000. US $)................................................................................................
4.3
Nilai Tukar Riil Rupiah Tethadap Dollar Singapura Periode 199097 2009 ................................................................................................................................
4.4
Volume Perdagangan Indonesia Dengan Singapura Periode 1990100 2009 ................................................................................................................................
4.5
Hasil Uji Multikolinearitas................................................................................................ 104
xiii
4.6
Hasil Uji Heteroskedastisitas ............................................................................................ 106
4.7
108 Uji t................................................................................................................................
4.8
Uji F ................................................................................................................................ 110
4.9
111 Hasil Regresi Koefisien Determinasi................................................................
4.10
Koefisien Beta Untuk Masing-masing Variabel ............................................................ 111
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Hal.
1.1
Grafik Persentase Jumlah WISMAN Asal Singapura di Indonesia Periode 1990 - 2009 ................................................................................................ 9
2.1
Kurva Permintaan ................................................................................................ 15
2.2
Kurva Permintaan Individual Ke Permintaan Pasar ................................ 18
2.3
25 Model Sederhana Pengambilan Keputusan Konsumen................................
2.4
Penetapan Kurs Valuta Asing ........................................................................................... 50
3.1
Grafik Statistik Durbin-Watson ................................................................81
4.1
Grafik Persentase Jumlah WISMAN asal Singapura di Indonesia Periode 1990-2009 ................................................................................................ 90
4.2
Grafik Persentase Jumlah GDP Per Kapita Singapura Periode 1990-2009 ............................................................................................................................ 94
4.3
Grafik Persentase Nilai Tukar Riil Rupiah Terhadap Dollar Singapura Periode 1990-2009........................................................................................... 98
4.4
Grafik Persentase Volume Perdagangan Indonesia Dengan Singapura Periode 1990-2009........................................................................................... 101
4.5
Uji Statistik Durbin Watson d........................................................................................... 107
xv
