DAFTAR ISI Hal HALAMAN JUDUL ……………………………………………………... i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING …………………………….
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ……………………………………………. iii PERNYATAAN ………………………………………………………….
iv
MOTTO ......................................................................................................
v
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN .................................................................
vi
KATA PENGANTAR …………………………………………………....
vii
DAFTAR ISI ……………………………………………………………... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ……………………………………………………..
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL ………………………………………………………... xv DAFTAR LAMBANG DAN SINGKATAN …………………………….
xvi
ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................
xviii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ………………………………………………..
1
1.1
Latar Belakang ………………………………………………
1
1.2
Rumusan Masalah ………………………………………….
1
1.3
Batasan Masalah …………………………………………….
3
1.4
Tujuan ……………………………………………………….
3
1.5
Manfaat ……………………………………………………...
4
1.6
Metode Penelitian ....………………………………………...
4
1.7
Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................
5
BAB II DASAR TEORI…………….……………………………….........
7
2.1
Teori Dasar Pesawat Model ..................................................... 7
2.2
Bagian Bagian Pesawat Model ................................................
7
2.2.1
Wing ..........................................................................
8
2.2.2
Fuselage ..................................................................... 8
2.2.3
Aileron ....................................................................... 8
2.2.4
Horizontal Stabilizer .................................................. 9
2.2.5
Elevator ...................................................................... 9 ix
2.2.6
Vertical Stabilizer ...................................................... 9
2.2.7
Rudder .......................................................................
9
2.2.8
Cockpit ......................................................................
9
2.2.9
Propeller ....................................................................
10
2.2.10 Nose ........................................................................... 10 2.2.11 Landing Gear .............................................................
10
2.2.12 Engine ........................................................................ 10 2.3
Posisi Wing .............................................................................. 11 2.3.1
Pesawat dengan sayap atas ........................................
11
2.3.2
Pesawat dengan sayap tengah dan bawah .................
11
2.4
Gaya yang Bekerja Pada Pesawat Model ................................
12
2.5
Bidang Kendali ........................................................................
13
2.6
Teori Wing dan Aerodinamika Dasar ...................................... 14 2.6.1
Pengertian Airfoil ......................................................
15
2.6.2
Lift dan Drag .............................................................
15
2.7
Teori Bahan .............................................................................
16
2.8
Perancangan Pesawat ............................................................... 17 2.8.1
Sizing Mission ...........................................................
17
2.8.2
Geometry Sizing ........................................................ 17
2.8.3
Control Surface Sizing ..............................................
20
2.8.4
Design System ...........................................................
22
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ......………………….…………
26
3.1
Pembuatan Model Dengan Catia .............................................
26
3.2
Teknik Pengumpulan Data ......................................................
26
3.3
Weight Sizing ..........................................................................
28
3.3.1
Penentuan Berat Kosong Pesawat .............................
29
3.3.2
Penentuan Berat Bahan .............................................. 36
3.4
Geometry Sizing ......................................................................
36
3.4.1
Fuselage ..................................................................... 36
3.4.2
Main Wing ................................................................. 37 x
3.5
3.6
3.4.3
Tail Wing ................................................................... 39
3.4.4
Tail Wing Dimension ................................................
40
3.4.5
Control Surface Sizing ..............................................
41
Design System .........................................................................
43
3.5.1
Landing Gear System ................................................
44
3.5.2
Electrical dan Radio Control System ........................
45
Structure Design Menggunakan Software CATIA .................. 46 3.6.1
Wing Design .............................................................. 47
3.6.2
Fuselage Design ........................................................
49
3.6.3
Vertical dan Horizontal Stabilizer .............................
51
3.6.4
Aircraft Assembly .....................................................
52
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ………………………………....
53
4.1
Pendahuluan ............................................................................. 53
4.2
Hasil dan Pembahasan .............................................................
4.3
4.4
53
4.2.1
Konfigurasi Pesawat .................................................. 53
4.2.2
Berat Pesawat ............................................................
53
4.2.3
Geometri ....................................................................
54
4.2.4
Design Fitur Lainnya ................................................. 55
4.2.5
Proses Analisis dan Penentuan Sistem ......................
55
Tahap Pembuatan ....................................................................
56
4.3.1
Pemilihan Alat dan Bahan .........................................
56
4.3.2
Pengerjaan Pesawat ...................................................
58
Uji Validasi Prestasi Takeoff antara perhitungan analitik dan perhitungan hasil pengujian ..................................................... 68 4.4.1
Perhitungan analitik prestasi Takeoff ........................ 68
4.4.2
Perhitungan prestasi Takeoff hasil pengujian............
69
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ....……………………………….. 71 5.1 Kesimpulan ………………………………………………….
71
5.2 Saran …………………………………………………….…..
74
DAFTAR PUSTAKA …………………………………………………….
75
xi
LAMPIRAN………………………………………………………………. 76
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR Hal Gambar 2.1. Pengelompokan pesawat model ............................................
7
Gambar 2.2. Pesawat model dan bagian-bagiannya ................................... 8 Gambar 2.3 Pesawat dengan sayap atas .....................................................
11
Gambar 2.4. Pesawat dengan sayap tengah ................................................ 12 Gambar 2.5. Pesawat dengan sayap bawah ................................................ 12 Gambar 2.6. Gaya yang bekerja pada pesawat model ................................ 13 Gambar 2.7 Defleksi control surface beserta gerakan akbibat defleksinya
14
Gambar 2.8. Bagian-bagian airfoil ............................................................. 15 Gambar 2.9. Perbandingan aileron span dan aileron chord ......................
20
Gambar 2.10. Posisi landing gear .............................................................. 22 Gambar 2.11. Solid spring landing gear ....................................................
23
Gambar 2.12. Posisi landing gear dari CG ................................................
24
Gambar 2.13. fuel system and plumbing ...................................................
25
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir proses perancangan platform UAV kolibri08v2 ....................................................................................................
27
Gambar 3.2. fase-fase pada misi penerbangan ..........................................
31
Gambar 3.3. Perbandingan antara span dan aileron chord ......................
42
Gambar 3.4. Solid spring main landing gear .............................................
44
Gambar 3.5. Nose landing gear with nose wheel steering .........................
45
Gambar 3.6 Electrical system diagram .....................................................
46
Gambar. 3.7 Pembuatan model dengan Catia ............................................
47
Gambar 3.8 ribs generative part design ..................................................... 48 Gambar 3.9 wing generative part design ...................................................
48
Gambar 3.10 3D view wing assembly design ............................................. 49 Gambar 3.11 Former part design ............................................................... 50 Gambar 3.12 3D View fuselage Generative part design ............................
50
Gambar 3.13 3 view and isomettic view fuselage generative part design .. 50 Gambar 3.14 geomoetri tail wing ............................................................... 51 xiii
Gambar 3.15 Vertical tail and rudder generative part design ................... 51 Gambar 3.16 Horizontal tail and elevator generative part design ............
52
Gambar 3.17 Generative assembly design .................................................
52
Gambar 4.1 Platform UAV Colibri-08v2 ...................................................
55
Gambar 4.2 part wing ................................................................................ 59 Gambar 4.3 part fuselage ...........................................................................
59
Gambar 4.4 posisi vertical dan horizontal stabilizer pada tail arm ...........
60
Gambar 4.5 nose landing gear ...................................................................
61
Gambar 4.6 main landing gear ..................................................................
61
Gambar 4.7 Posisi pemasangan servo throttle, rudder dan elevator .........
62
Gambar 4.8 Pemasangan engine ................................................................
63
Gambar 4.9 Pemasangan sistem bahan bakar ............................................
64
Gambar 4.10 Platform UAV Colibri-08v2 dan sistemnya .......................... 64 Gambar 4.11 Preflight and system test ....................................................... 65 Gambar 4.12 Ground run to rotate ............................................................
66
Gambar 4.13 Airborne ................................................................................ 66 Gambar 4.14 Cruising ................................................................................
67
Gambar 4.15 Approaching .........................................................................
67
Gambar 4.16 Landing ground run and cut-off ...........................................
67
Gambar 4.17 Perhitungan analitik prestasi takeoff ..................................
68
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL Hal Tabel 2.1 Balsa Wood Properties ............................................................... 16 Tabel 3.1 Jenis dan fungsi masing-masing chanel pada receiver................ 29 Tabel 3.2 Perhitungan berat system ...........................................................
30
Tabel 3.3 Jenis dan karakteristik kayu balsa .............................................
36
Tabel 3.4 Panjang fuselage vs W0 ................................................................................
37
Tabel 3.5 Main wing geometry sizing ........................................................ 39 Tabel 3.6 dimension tail wing ....................................................................
41
Tabel 4.1 Perhitungan Konfigurasi Pesawat ..............................................
53
Tabel 4.2 Perhitungan Manual Berat Pesawat ...........................................
54
Tabel 4.3 Perhitungan Geometri Pesawat ..................................................
54
Tabel 4.4 Perhitungaan Fiture Design pesawat .........................................
55
Tabel 4.5 Validasi prestasi Takeoff dari perhitungan analitik dan hasil pengujian ...............................................................................................................
70
Tabel 5.1 Design take-off weight ............................................................... 71 Tabel 5.2 Weight system ............................................................................ 71 Tabel 5.3 Weight aircraft sizing ................................................................. 72 Tabel 5.4 Geometry sizing .........................................................................
72
Tabel 5.5 Validasi prestasi Takeoff dari perhitungan analitik dan hasil pengujian............................................................................................
xv
73
DAFTAR LAMBANG DAN SINGKATAN Lambang
Definisi
Satuan
T
Thrust
kg
W0
Maximum Takeoff Weight
kg
We
Empty Weight
kg
Wsystem
System Weight
kg
l
Fuselage Lenght
cm
L
Tail moment arm lenght
cm
Ar
Aspect ratio
Sw
Wing area
W/S
Wing Loading
Vstall
Stall speed
Clmax
Coefficient lift maximum
aw
Wing chord
cm
bw
Wing span
cm
Saileron
Aileron area
cm2
aaileron
Aileron chord
cm
baileron
Aileron Span
cm
R
Range
km
L
Lift
kg
cm2 kg/cm2 m/s
Lambang Yunani ηp
Propeller efficiency
ρ
Air density
π
Product, or 3.142
λ
Taper ratio
xvi
Singkatan C.G.
Center of gravity
Max
Maximum
Ref
Reference (buku referensi)
xvii
PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN PLATFORM UAV KOLIBRI-08V2 ENGINE THUNDER TIGER 46 PRO DENGAN SISTEM RADIO CONTROL Bagus Pratomo 08050011 ABSTRAK Pesawat UAV merupakan pesawat tanpa awak yang dibuat berasarkan pengembangan dari pesawat model radio control yang diberi berbagai sistem yang disesuaikan dengan misi pesawat tersebut, dalam penelitian ini, akan dilakukan perancangan Platform UAV dengan tujuan untuk menjadikan platform ini sebagai media pengembangan sistem UAV di lingkungan perguruan tinggi khususnya di Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Adisutjipto (STTA). Tahapan perancangan pesawat ada 3 yaitu conseptual design, preliminary design,dan detail design. Dalam tulisan ini lebih di tekankan pada tahap conceptual design. Tahap conceptual design platform UAV Kolibri-08v2 ini yaitu dimulai dari penentuan maximum take-off weight pesawat, berat fuel yang digunakan selama penerbangan, geometri sizing, penggambaran model 3 dimensi pesawat dengan software CATIA V5R18, proses pembuatan pesawat, dan melakukan pengujian terbang. Data pesawat terbang yaitu komponen main wing dengan konfigurasi high wing dengan bentuk rectangular, tail wing dengan konfigurasi konvensional, dengan propulsi model tractor, tipe engine TUNDER TIGER 46 PRO (propeller11x6), landing gear dengan konvigurasi nose whell, serta main airfoil menggunakan NACA 2412, dan tail wing airfoil flat type.
Kata Kunci : Conceptual Design, Platform UAV-08v2, NACA.
xviii
