Asia Logistics Insights: Driving Continuous Improvement to Make Indonesia a Logistics Hub in Asia-Pacific Togar M. Simatupang School of Business and Management Bandung Institute of Technology
Presented at Jakarta International Logistics Summit & Expo and Indonesia Transportation Supply Chain and Logistics (ITSCL) at JIEXPO Kemayoran Jakarta 19-21 October 2016
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Overview • • • • •
Problem Statement ASEAN Logistics Outlook: Logistics Hub Benchmarking Proposed Logistics System in Indonesia Concluding Remarks
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Problem Statement
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Questions • What is the position of Indonesia in ASEAN logistics? • How is the benchmarking of logistics development in Japan and ASEAN Countries? • What is the appropriate logistics system applied in Indonesia? • Can Indonesia achieve efficient logistics performance or exceed other countries?
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ASEAN Logistics Outlook: Logistics Hub
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Why AEC is so attractive?
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Larger portion of total middle class population is coming from Asia and ASEAN
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Source: http://aseanup.com/overview-of-e-commerce-in-southeast-asia/
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ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC)
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Source: http://asiafoundation.org/in-asia/2010/09/22/philippines-spearheads-aseaneffort-to-establish-regional-ro-ro-sea-transport-network/
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Asia-wide Partnership for Seamless Logistics
Source: http://www.iist.or.jp/wf/magazine/0508/0508_E.html
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ASEAN-Japan-India Logistics Network
Source: http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/whi te/2011/html/honbun/b1/s3_2.html
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Indonesia Logistics Costs Can Match Asian Peers in Two Decades • • •
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Indonesia is on the right trajectory to reduce its logistics costs to 19 percent of its gross domestic products (GDP) by 2020. Government efforts to modernize ports and open up the logistics sector to foreign investment. Total logistics costs could further decline to 9 percent of the GDP by 2035 with further reform in port operating models and the development of better port infrastructure. The country would need to consolidate its fragmented forwarding industry and solve unbalanced cargo flows between its islands. Today logistics costs account for 26 percent of Indonesia's $861 billion economy. The is one of the worst numbers in all of Asia, and far behind Singapore's 8 percent, Malaysia's 14 percent, Japan's 9 percent and South Korea's 13 percent of GDP. –
Roland Berger: "From our analysis, Indonesia has the potential to bring [down] the cost of logistics ... but it must escalate reforms in the industry to achieve this ambitious target. The public and private sectors need to work collaboratively to reduce this burden,“
Source: http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/business/indonesia-logistics-costs-can-match-asian-peers-twodecades-roland-berger/
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Benchmarking
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Thailand’s International Trade Logistics Policies and Measures
Source: Chackrit Duangphastra (2011)
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Thailand Electronic Trade Logistics Domestic Network
Shipper
Global Network
Customs Broker
ASEAN Single Window
EAST ASIA Warehouse
Europe
Thailand e-Logistics Portal
Trucking
Forwarder Consignee
Airlines
Global Logistics Network 16
Capacity Building Progress Report for Thailand
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SCG Logistics in Cambodia
Source: Nithi Patarachoke (2012)
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JICA’s Comprehensive Approach to Trade and Investment
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Streamlining Trade Procedures and Distribution Logistics Rationale Lower the cost and risk of transnational economic activity and promote the efficient division of labor within the region. Improve the efficiency not only of production activities but also of distribution between production centers and from production to consumption sites. Current Cooperation
Private Sector Needs
East Asia
Physical Infrastructure
Japan
Advancements in information technology and the standardization of distribution tools such as pallets
Future Priority
Emphasis on logistics (e.g. Just In Time, Supply Chain Management) Action Target Source: Satoshi Suenega (2004), "Japan’s Technical Cooperation in Logistics", Technical Cooperation Division, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
Reduce within five years the time needed to deliver goods from the point of production to destinations by more than two third Actions Plan Training of Certified Logistics Master Promotion of IT in the logistics sector More efficient customs clearance
Streamlining the flow of goods
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ASEAN Logistics Network
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Key drivers and restraints for Indonesia transportation & logistics market
Poor infrastructure development, together with unavailability of qualified professionals, will still be a major constraint hindering Indonesia logistic industry development in several years ahead.
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Insight of Nusantara Logistics Chain
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Indonesia’s Logistics Sector: Making Connections It is important for Indonesia’s logistics sector to start adopting a more integrated approach that ensures efficiencies across the entire supply chain • At 24% of GDP, Indonesia’s logistics costs are significantly higher than most other countries in the region. • Bringing this down to 16% of GDP, the same as Thailand, would realise huge savings of some $80 billion USD a year, according to World Bank calculations. • Infrastructure development as planned by the government will reduce this to 19.2% by 2019. • While an improvement, this is well above the 8% of GDP typical for developed nations leaving plenty of scope for investment and innovative solutions as companies seek to reduce their logistical burdens. 24 Source: http://www.gbgindonesia.com/en/services/article/2016/indonesia_s_logistics_sector_making_connections_11383.php
Supply Chain Integration Management & Co-ordination of the Global Supply Chains between Manufacturers and Regional DC/ Retail Outlets Asia Export DC
Frt. Fwd
International Suppliers
Shipping Port Lines Services
Financing Insurance
International Freight
Export volume from each port of loading, e.g. HK, Shanghai, etc.
Order Processing
Forecast Coverage & Demand Velocity
Order volume from each DC/destination
Logistics Model
Frequency and Schedule of Shipments Strategic locations of inventory
Replenishment Model
Source: Tommy Lui (2011)
Customs Drayage
Destination Markets Buyer Consolidation at Source De-Consolidation at Destination Shipment Equipment
Carrier & Network Selection
Storage cost differential
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The concept of Nusantara Logistics Chain (NLC) Inclusive Businesses
Local Economic Development Logistics Services
Green Logistics
Land Use Population Logistics Landscape
The Environment
Logistics Chain
Transport System Logistics Corridors
The development of an integrated transport system, consisting of different modes and with strong relationships between the development of the transport system, the economic development, the land use development and the environmental impacts of these developments.
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The implementation of Nusantara Logistics Chain Economic Policy:
Public Awareness:
Tax incentives, subsidies and financial aids for inclusive business, private-public partnership
Public education, promotion, training
Legal Support: Enforceable laws and regulation, guidelines and procedures, penalty for violation
Infrastructure and Technology: Provision of logistics infrastructure, Investment in appropriate technology, standardization of practices and procedures
Public Contribution and Participation: Forum of Development, Institution building, Logistics Competencies Development
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The Benefits of Logistics Improvements
Source: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/appl5en/benefits_logistics_improvements.html
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The Proposed Leverages 1.Logistics Landscape
4. Multi modal transport system
7. Logistics Business Development
2. Logistics and supply chain for development
3. Single window
5. Coastal Logistics
6. Network based logistics visibility platform
8. Green Logistics
9. Development forums for Nusantara logistics chain at each economic corridor 29
1. Logistics Landscape
Source: http://aftercity.mit.edu/?p=479
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2. Logistics for Development Nodes, Linkages and Urban Form
Source: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch6en/conc6en/nodeslinkages.html31
3. Single Window System Two Pillars Policy: Trade-System & Port-System Trade-System (“TradeNet”) : Aims to improve and speed up services in export-import documents clearance (Flow of Document) Port-System (“PortNet”) : Aims to support the acceleration of cargo handling in export-import goods traffic (Flow of Goods)
Customs - import/ Export Declaration - In/Outward Cargo Manifest - Import/Export Approval - Info Manifest/RKSP - Loading/Disch.List - In/Out Reconciliation
Port
- Info Manifest - Utilization Rep - License Reconc.
- Info Vessel - Info CY/ WH - Cont.Tracking
- Sea/ Air-Port Permit - Goods/Ships Handling - Loading/Disch.Goods - In/Out Goods
Source: http://www.insw.go.id/
Trade-System, as one of main pillars in NSW System will exchange data through NSW Portal: from Customs System :realization of Data import/Export from Trade System (GA) :licensing export Import
Port-System,as one of main pillars in NSW System will exchange data through NSW Portal: FromCustoms System : - import/Export Licensing Cargo Manifest (inward/outward) - import/Export Regulation Release Approval (SPPB/PE) - Trade Information FromPort System (GA) : Discharge List/Loading List Gate in/Gate out List
Trade
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4. Multi Modal Transport System
Source: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch3en/conc3en/multimodal.html 33
Source: http://sic.ici.ro/sic2006_2/art07.html
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5. Coastal Logistics Transport of resin chips between the Ehime Plant and Nagoya Plant was switched to coastal shipping routes
Source: http://www.toray.com/guideline/forcustomers/ethics/eth_002.html
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6.Networked Logistics Platforms
Source: http://www.clresearch.com/research/detail.cfm?guid=07598B62-3048-79ED-99F8974CD7202097
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7. Logistics Business Development
Source: http://www.scandria.eu/en/scandria-logistic-business-development-strategy.html
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8. Green Logistics Green or sustainable logistics is concerned with reducing environmental and other negative impacts associated with the movement of supplies.
Source: http://log.logcluster.org/operational-environment/green-logistics/index.html
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Sistem Logistik Ikan Nasional (SLIN)
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Jenis Rantai Pasokan Ikan Ranah kewenangan Provinsi dan Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan
Pengadaan
Pengadaan
Ranah kewenangan Pusat dan Antar Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan
Pengadaan
Penyimpanan
Penyimpanan Penyimpanan
Transportasi
Transportasi
Distribusi
Distribusi Transportasi
Distribusi
Rantai Pasok Berorientasi Transaksi • Transaksi niaga sesuai pasar lokal. • Kepentingan masing-masing untuk meningkatkan margin. • Tidak ada koordinasi antar pelaku sepanjang rantai logistik. • Kementerian hanya menjadi regulator dan pengawas.
Rantai Pasok Berorientasi Kapasitas • Transaksi niaga sesuai pasar klaster. • Kepentingan bersama untuk meningkatkan kapasitas. • Ada koordinasi pemecahan masalah lokal. • Inisiatif daerah dengan dukungan kementerian.
Rantai Pasok Berorientasi Integrasi • Kontrak niaga sesuai pasar nasional. • Kepentingan bersama untuk menjamin ketersediaan dan stabilisasi harga. • Ada koordinasi penjaminan mutu dan kestabilan harga. • Inisiatif kementerian dengan pelaksana 40 operator koodinator.
Tingkat Kedewasaan Tatakelola Rantai Pasokan Ikan
Transaksional: berdagang dan sendiri-sendiri
BertanggungJawab:
Terpadu:
Cerdas:
patuh dan beretika
transparan dan berstandar
cepat tanggap dan inovatif
Tatakelola rantai pasokan perikanan yang bertanggung jawab adalah suatu prinsip yang berstandar internasional bersifat sukarela dan global untuk mencapai rantai pasok perikanan yang lestari.
Tatakelola rantai pasok terintegrasi adalah transparansi ketelusuran aliran barang, aliran informasi permintaan dan persediaan, dan aliran keuangan di sepanjang titik rantai pasokan. 41
Arsitektur Logistik Efektif Mutu Tinggi – Biaya Rendah – Waktu Antar Pendek
Integrasi Hulu-Hilir
Governansi Hulu-Hilir
Proses (SOP) Standar
Kapasitas Logistik
Nilai Tambah dan Daya Saing Kerjasama, Insentif, Infrastruktur, ITK, SDM, Kelembagaan, Jasa Logistik Manajemen rantai pasokan (MRP) menyangkut pengelolaan kegiatan dan hubungan di dalam perusahaan, dengan pemasok, dengan pelanggan, atau rantai pasokan secara keseluruhan. Dimensi MRP adalah: • Koordinasi kegiatan bisnis di dalam pelaku 42 • Kerjasama kegiatan bisnis antar pelaku atau agen rantai pasok
Konsep Kreasi Rantai Nilai Ikan Tata kelola rantai pasokan Transportasi
Rantai Pasokan Terintegrasi hulu-hilir Distribusi
Penyimpanan Pengadaan
Kapasitas Rantai Logistik
Kreasi Nilai: Isu-Isu Logistik Ikan: 1. Ketidakstabilan pasokan dan sumberdaya ikan 2. Disparitas geografi, ketersediaan, dan harga 3. Lemahnya partisipasi perbaikan mutu
1. Peningkatan Kapasitas Rantai Logistik 2. Peningkatan Integrasi Rantai Pasok 3. Efektivitas Tata Kelola Rantai Pasok
Tawaran Pengungkit Nilai: Ko-Kreasi: 1. Inovasi bersama dan terbuka 2. Kemitraan 3. Pembiayaan
Kemampuan: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Transparansi Standarisasi Sertifikasi Ketelusuran
Kreasi Nilai Sosial: 1. Kestabilan pasokan ikan dan harga 2. Efisien rantai pasokan dan kelestarian ekosistem 3. Penciptaan usaha baru dan pendapatan yang berkeadilan 43
Portofolio Rencana Induk SLIN Kebijakan Prioritas Produk: 1. Bahan baku: TTC, kembung, bandeng 2. Ikan beku melalui rantai pendingin (cold storage)
Keterkaitan fungsional (integrasi) rantai pasok hulu hilir dengan kesatuan tindakan dalam ikanan kelembagaan
SEKTOR HULU
PERIKANAN TANGKAP PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA
Dukungan prakarsa pemangku kepentingan lokal dalam mewujudkan ketahanan pangan ikan daerah dan kerjasama dengan prakarsa nasional sistem logistik yang terintegrasi..
Kondisi yang diharapkan: ada jaminan ketersediaan pasokan, peningkatan harga di level produsen, stabilitasi harga antar musim
SEKTOR HILIR Tuna Tongkol Cakalang (TTC), kembung, bandeng
PENGOLAHAN DAN PEMASARAN HASIL PERIKANAN
Rancang Bangun Sistem Logistik: 1. Pengelolaan produksi dan pemasaran 2. Sarana dan Prasarana 3. Iptek dan kapasitas SDM 4. Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi 5. Jasa logistik 6. Kelembagaan
KONSUMEN Tuna Tongkol Cakalang (TTC), kembung, bandeng
Konsumsi Ikan Industri Pengolahan Ikan
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Pentahapan Pengembangan Sistem Logistik Ikan: Bertanggung-jawab Transparansi Standarisari Sertifikasi Stabilisasi Inovasi 44 Kecerdasan
Rancang Bangun SLIN Tujuan
Sasaran
Strategi
Program
Meningkatkan kapasitas dan stabilisasi sistem produksi dan pemasaran perikanan nasional.
Memperkuat dan memperluas konektivitas antara sentra produksi hulu, produksi hilir, dan pemasaran secara efisien.
Meningkatkan efisiensi manajemen rantai pasokan ikan, bahan dan alat produksi, serta informasi dari hulu sampai dengan hilir.
Terwujudnya peningkatan kapasitas dan stabilisasi sistem produksi dan pemasaran
Terwujudkan penguatan dan perluasan konektivitas antara sentra produksi hulu, produksi hilir, dan pemasaran
Terwujudnya efisiensi manajemen rantai pasokan ikan, bahan dan alat produksi, serta informasi dari hulu sampai hilir
Pengelolaan produksi dan pemasaran di bidang perikanan
• Integrasi pias atau jalur logistik nasional dari produksi ke pemasaran • Pembinaan pengembangan sistem logistik ikan daerah • Sistem standar mutu dan keamanan serta sertifikasi
Penyediaan dan pengembangan sarana dan prasarana
• Penyediaan sarana dan prasarana logistik pendingin
Pengembangan iptek, dan peningkatan kapasitas SDM
• Pengembangan inovasi iptek produksi, pemasaran, dan logistik perikanan • Pengembangan pendidikan, pelatihan, dan penyuluhan di bidang produksi, pemasaran, dan logistik
Pemanfaatan dan pengembangan TIK di bidang perikanan
• Penyediaan dan diseminasi informasi produksi dan pemasaran • Pengembangan sistem informasi manajemen logistik ikan nasional • Pengembangan sistem ketelusuran
Pengembangan jasa logistik di bidang perikanan
• Pengembangan usaha dan investasi bidang jasa logistik perikanan • Jaringan layanan penyedia jasa logistik perikanan • Pemberian insentif bagi jasa penyedia logistik
Pengembangan kelembagaan dan tata kelola di bidang perikanan
• Pengembangan kelembagaan pengelolaan SLIN • Pembentukan kelembagaan pendukung SLIN pada tingkat pusat, provinsi, dan kota/kabupaten • Tata kelola akuntabilitas kelembagaan 45
Tata Kelola Tahapan Pengembangan Program SLIN Implementasi pengembangan SLIN dilakukan secara sinergi dan terpadu di seluruh daerah dengan dua pendekatan: • Atas-bawah: pengembangan pias logistik ikan nasional yang dipilih berdasarkan potensi integrasi sentra produksi dan konsumsi. • Bawah-atas: pengembangan sistem logistik ikan daerah menuju pemberdayaan komoditi keunggulan daerah dan ketahanan pangan ikan. Kebijakan tata kelola: • Penyelarasan kepentingan pelaku dalam SLIN dengan prinsip kerjasama. • Pengembangan, implementasi, dan replikasi untuk mencapai tujuan termasuk sertifikasi.
Kajian Kelayakan
Sosialisasi, kemitraan saling menguntungkan, pelatihan, sistem ukuran kinerja, teknologi Rencana Tindak
Implementasi
Pemantauan dan Evaluasi
Tahapan
1-6 bulan
7-12 bulan
13-18 bulan
19-24 bulan
Kajian Kelayakan Kerjasama Rencana Tindak Implementasi Pemantauan dan Evaluasi
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Peta Jalan SLIN
Bertanggung-jawab
2016
Tranparansi: registrasi, sistem informasi, dan ketelurusan
2017
Standarisasi
2018
Sertifikasi
2019
Stabilisasi
2020
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Concluding Remarks
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Concluding Remarks •
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•
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The logistics industry is presented with new opportunities, such as the growing importance of intra-regional markets, the expansion of E-Commerce and in providing specialized services to a range of industry sectors. Indonesia’s macro logistics is considered as high economy costs that prevent industrialization and new business investment. Bottlenecks in the transportation and logistics industry include underdeveloped infrastructure, conflicting regulation, inefficiencies in goods movement, and paper-based trade facilitation. Indonesia’s national logistics system has been formulated and issued by the Government. However, the system still lacks of public awareness and fragmented to the local economic development. Nusantara Logistics Chain is introduced to enhance interlink between logistics landscape to social and economic development for empowering the growth of inclusive business that increase value added of local resources. Leverages available to Nusantara Logistics Chain include: Logistics Landscape, Logistics and supply chain for development, Single window system, Multi modal transport system, Coastal Logistics, Network based logistics visibility platform, Logistics Business Development, Green Logistics, and Development forums for Nusantara logistics chain at each economic corridor. 49
Thank You
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