Report UFP Basics
By Iris Minkenberg B1.2 Thijs Lamers B3.2
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Table of contents Exercises week 1 Exercises week 2 Exercises week 3 Exercises week 4 Exercises week 5 Reflection Iris Minkenberg . Reflection Thijs Lamers Apendices A: Storyboards B: Final set of questions for interview C: Data of interview D: Personas E: Requirements F: QOC analyses G: Paper prototype H: Interaction Problem Report (IPR) I: User evaluation
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Week 1 The assignment for week 1 was to make two storyboards and to conduct a context of use. First we read some information on the internet about the NSwalks. We had some first impressions and we chose a target group: the regular adult. We found that specific target group the most interesting, because this group would probably use these walks the most, but the walks are still unknown. Therefor it would be a challenge for us to design a product or service that makes these walks attractive for the user. Our goal is to improve the experiences during the NS-walks and make them popular for our target group. We had to make two storyboards and a context of use. We found out that the storyboards actually illustrated a context of use. A context of use consists of: • • •
Analysis of the user Analysis of the tasks they will carry out Analysis of the environment in which the product is used
We wrote down the analysis of the user and the other two analyses are illustrated in our storyboards, which will be explained later on.
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Analysis of the user: Their capabilities Most of the adults are educated and are therefore smart enough to understand the normal things in life. They are interested in culture and nature. Most of them know how to use a mobile phone and are able to drive a car. Their limitations The most frequent limitations are: time and stress. In our society working is very important. Therefore a lot of adults encounter stress at some moments and that’s a limitation in daily life. Because of working and sometimes also raising their children a lot of the adults have too little time for their own hobby’s and they are always busy. Their goals and ambitions One of the most important goals is to be successful at work and in the family. They want recognition and appreciation at the workspace but also at home. Another goals is to live a healthy life and feel happy. For those who have children, raising their kids in a good way is a goal.
The analysis of tasks and environment are included in our storyboards. We both had to make a storyboard. In order to get the most information from this activity we decided to make 1 storyboard about the actual situation and 1 storyboard about the envisioned situation. In this way we would get enough insight in the current situation and all the things that are related to the NS-walks. And by making a storyboard about the envisioned situation we already started with envisioning some experience goals. The storyboards are also included in the appendices (A).
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Week 2 The assignment of week 2 was to create personas and list requirements for our service/product. In order to create the personas we first interviewed some users. We both wrote down some questions for the interview. We tended to ask a lot of questions about the design subject: the NS-walks. After we discussed our questions in a pilot interview we decided to focus on the user in general. We included the following aspects in our final interview: • • • •
Demographics Experience with, and attitude towards technology Relevant characteristics of tasks and activities Relevant limitations in daily life
The final set of questions for our interview can be found in the appendices (B). We had to interview 6 persons. We tried to found people with different backgrounds and different characteristics for our interviews. We found it really interesting how people can vary within one target-group.
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We interviewed 6 people and they all responded different on our questions. Especially when it comes to activities performed during spare time. Of course there were also some similarities, when it comes to experience with technology for instance. We made voice-recordings during the interviews and while listening back to these recordings we analyzed the interviews and made an overview of the data. The data of the interviews can be found in the appendices (C). We were pleased by the results of the interviews, because we gathered a lot of information. This information was really useful and inspiring in order to create personas. We both used the same data to create a persona. The personas can be found in the appendices (D).
After we created the personas we set 5 requirements for our product. We used the Volere template for this activity. For both of us this method was new and we found it really useful because it is a really structured method. The requirements can be found in the appendices (E).
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Week 3 The assignment of week 3 consisted out of three parts: writing a scenario, QOC-analysis and writing a task description.
Marga especially likes the photo function of the app, which enables her to take pictures at special moments during the walk which will be saved on that specific position on the route map. At first we started with writing the scenario. This task was not that While traveling back Marga reviews her walk and she posts a difficult for us because in week one we made a storyboard for the story about her experiences on the webpage, by using the app. envisioned situation. A storyboard and a scenario are quite similar, they are only presented in a different way. Therefore we used the After writing the scenario we asked ourselves some questions storyboard of week one in order to write our scenario. Of course about the concept. We formulated one important question and the scenario did changed a bit over the weeks because we noticed made a QOC analysis. The QOC analysis can be found in the apnew things and we gathered more information about the users. pendices (F). Scenario: Marga wants to take a walk, she goes to the website of the NSwalks which refers her to the new app that she can download. Because Marga is curious about this new app she downloads it for free on her smartphone. She immediately starts exploring with the app. At first she has to choose a walk on the search device. She really likes the visuals on the interface because now the options are very clear to her and therefore she can easy select a walk according to her interests. While traveling to the starting point of the walk she explores the route further on her mobile. When she is nearby a sight during the walk she gets a signal and a visual of this specific sight pops up and information will be available.
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The QOC analysis was really helpful in order to choose a good option for our final design. We compared three different options for the interface of our product. We chose to make sketches of the three different options in order to make it easier to compare the options.
We also described the options in short. By making use of the QOC analysis we could make a choice deliberately. In the end we made a task description of a specific task performed by the user, when interacting with the interface. Task description: Take a photo at a specific sight When the user is near a sight the pictograph of that specific sight pops up in the route map. The user can click on the pictograph of the sight and a new screen opens. Now he/she can click on the photo-pictograph in order to take a picture of the sight. When the user finished, the photo appears on that specific place on the route-map. This task is visualized in the paper prototype which we made in week 4.
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Week 4 The assignment of week 4 was to create a paper prototype, a task description and perform an expert evaluation. We started to create a rough version of the paper prototype in Microsoft PowerPoint. We found out that it was very useful that we had done the previous week with scenario, QOC and task description so extensively. So the most of the thinking was already done and therefore we were able to focus on the visuals and interaction. When the rough version was finished we focused on the details and made the paper prototype interactive by adding real working buttons instead of just create a slideshow. In this way the users were able to control and experience the walk-app almost at the same level as they would do on their smartphone. We defined one route, because a fully working prototype would be far beyond our goal of testing the user experience and would take far too much time to create. The paper prototype can be found in appendices [G].
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After we created the interactive paper prototype we have executed an expert evaluation. The goal was to do this yourself, this means that you have to think as an expert. So we performed both as an expert and evaluated our prototype. We took a step back and evaluated our design critical. It was difficult to be objective towards your own design, but we tried to find some problems taking the design principles in mind. We presented the outcome in an Interaction Problem Report, which can be found in the appendices (H).
Week 5 The assignment of week 5 was to prepare and conduct a user evaluation on your paper prototype. First we described the test according to the DECIDE-framework. This was very useful to set the goals of the user evaluation and how to reach these goals. The purpose of the evaluation was to get insight into the ease of use of the interface on the walk-app. So, will the user understand the interface and which problems may be encountered. They had to perform the three main tasks while using the app. We chose to do use a combination between the quick and dirty and usability testing approach. The quick and dirty is good because we will be testing informally and let the user speak out loud when they don’t understand or encounter problems while executing their tasks. We set a predefined route the user have to navigate through and we looked at unexpected problems they encounter. This part fits more to the approach of usability testing. We tested with a laptop controlled by mouse. The setting to test regular adults when they are at home behind their PC. Although eventually the interface will be used on smartphone this is a good enough to evaluate our paper prototype. In advance of the test we let the users sign an informative consent form to guide their rights and informed them with the tasks they have to perform.
During the test we observed them while letting them perform the three main tasks and ask them what they think. Below the overall results of the evaluation are summarized. Task #1. Choose your walk. All the user likes the design and the use of icons. They don’t understand the ‘favorite-icon’. They would like to see the interests and options more visual. They miss a main page or menu to go back to for overview. The search device should be more specified per person and maybe other more relevant options. They want to be able to choose preferences in ‘distance’ and ‘level’ walking. Task #2. Experience the route and sights All the user likes the design and the use of icons. They understand the most icons except the ‘walk position-icon’. Also they would like to see direction feedback of this icon, like an arrow. They would like to be able to zoom in and out. Task #3. Make pictures and review afterwards All the users like the camera functions within the app. Some of them would like to see this function with more functionality. They doubt the functionality and overview with many pictures on the screen.
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And finally, the two methods that have been applied are compared to each other (user evaluation and expert evaluation). We have evaluated our paper prototype as an expert and with actual users. On certain level you are able to establish yourself as an expert and try to evaluate your own design as an expert as objective as possible. When you really want to evaluate your design in depth it is better to use real users that fits the target group. At some aspects of a design, an expert may have more knowledge and experience than the user like for example about form or technology. But the actual ease of use and the experience should be tested with users. They may encounter unexpected problems and can help you by comments and thoughts that they disclose during testing. We encounter several unexpected problems by testing the actual user. Therefore we would prefer to evaluate always with the user and not only with experts. The DECIDE-framework and results of the user evaluation could be found in appendices [I].
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Reflection Iris In this assignment I learned a lot about the design process. I learned to use the UCD-cycle, which really helped me to get a good understanding of the different steps you need to take when designing for the user. Instead of first making a prototype and afterwards setting some requirements for the product, I learned to set requirements beforehand according to the users’ needs and interests. The exercise I liked the most and which I also found the most useful was making the QOC-analysis. I found it a good manor to make design decisions and I will use it a lot in future projects. It was a mathematical and descriptive model, which makes it easier to make a decision. In these six weeks I went through the user-centered-design cycle in short, but I believe that this method will be useful during projects from week 1 until testing the final product. I prefer this method of designing, it helps you to make less mistakes because your design will be adjusted to the user. Teamwork and communication went well. We discussed a lot about the exercises and helped each other out. We evaluated our work together and gave each other feedback, which worked out well. We motivated each other and tasks were finished in time.
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In short through the assignment I understand how to use the UCD-cycle and I’m able to adjust my design to the users’ needs and interests. Iris Minkenberg B1.2
Reflection Thijs UFP Basics I chose this assignment because I needed to focus more on the competency UFP. At this moment I’m doing my pre master and the two things that I need to develop the most are UFP and Integrating technology, therefore I chose this assignment. I think this assignment will gives me the opportunity to reach my goals one this competence. I think it is very important for an Industrial Designer to get known with user centered design. I want to learn how the design around the user, understand them and learn design for and also together with the user. Past In my past, especially during my HBO bachelor Industrial Product Design we didn’t focus on user centered design. I have tested my design maybe one time, but this test wasn’t prepared at all. We just design more technology centered. Also we used a more linear process which in the end, when there was enough time we showed it to the user. During my graduation within Philips Consumer Lifestyle I got interested in User Centered Design. In my graduation project I have tested my prototype. But further did not execute any questionare or interview with the user. Also the user research was very minimal. I did not know because we didn’t learn this.
Assignment I learned a lot about the UCD-cycle and I know how I can integrate this knowledge in my projects. Unfortunately my semester is almost to an end, otherwise I would have used the method in this semester already. Some exercises that we did during the assignment, especially the exercises of the last week I also used in my project, which improved the end result. I really like the approach of using the UCD-cycle in a project and I will use this later on in my projects. Vision In the future I want to focus myself more in depth in UCD. I heard about the module ‘Designing for the user experience’. If I reach the Master Industrial Design I want to choose this module I think. I find it very interesting to integrate the user early in the process and not let go. I think user satisfaction is the most important. Thijs Lamers B3.2 (Pre-master)
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Appendices A: Storyboards
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Appendices B: Final set of questions for interview 1. General Age? Gender? Origin? Language? Residence? Married? Relationship? Children? Job? Educational background? 2. Experienc/knowledge with technology and attitude towards technology Which technical devices do you use in daily life? (PC, mac or windows, Ipad, Ipod, smart phone or other mobile phone, car navigation) Do you often make use of internet on your mobile phone? Do you prefer working on a touchscreen or on a keyboard? Do you make use of app’s on your smart phone? Which app’s do you use frequently? What is your opinion on the fast changing technical possibilities nowadays?
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Do you often shop on the internet? Do you book your vacation on internet? Does your job includes a lot of technical aspects? Can you tell me something about your experiences with technology. Do you prefer things digitalized or don’t you like that? 3. Relevant characteristics, tasks and activities? How many hours a week do you spent at work? On regular work hours? Which activities are involved in your life besides your work? How many time do you spent on your hobbies and which hobbies do you have? Do you exercise? And which sport do you do? How many hours a week? If children: How many time do you spent on raising your kids, and doing things together with them? Do you prefer being alone and have time for yourself or do you prefer being among friends and family? Do you travel by car or with public transport?
4. Relevant limitations Does money play a role while choosing an activity for your spare time? Is it a limiting factor? Do you encounter physical limitations in your life? Do you feel limited in spare time and can you define which limitations you have? How many time do you spent on visiting your family and friends? Do you sometimes feel obligated? Do you spent time on carrying for you parents or others, besides your direct family? 5. Specific information about our design subject Do you often take a walk? With who? When? Why? Where? In the neighborhood or further away? Do you take specific things with you? Do you go by car? Do you make use of the NS site? Only for route planning or also for other purchases?
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Appendices C: Data of interview Interview 1 Leeftijd: 45 jaar Woonplaats: Deurne Nationaliteit: Nederlandse Burgerlijke staat: Niet getrouwd Kinderen: Geen Opleiding: Directiesecretaresse/management assistente Jose is 45 jaar en woont in Deurne. Ze is niet getrouwd en heeft geen kinderen. Ze werkt 36 uur in de week op de TU Eindhoven als secretaresse. Technnologie Ze heeft een Iphone, Ipad en Macbook alleen geen Ipod. Ze vindt touchscreen fijner dan qwerty-toetsenbord omdat ze zegt dat ze nogal grote handen heeft en de knoppen van zo’n toetsenbord vaak te klein vindt. Ze heeft op haar Iphone en Ipad een aantal apps, maar geen 4 pagina’s vol. Ze weet waar en hoe ze apps moet downloaden. Ze voelt zich opgejaagd door de snelle technologische ontwikkelingen en bijvoorbeeld door alles mailtjes en berichtjes die zonder te vragen je afleiden.
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Over haar Jose is bezig met klussen thuis met haar familie en vrienden, met zo min mogelijk technologie. Vakanties boeken en onlineshoopen deed ze regelmatig, maar dat wil ze beperken omdat dat volgens haar veels te gemakelijk gaat. Je door onlinewinkelen contact met de mensen kwijt. Het gaat haar niet om het vertoruwen van online, ze vindt het bijvoorbeeld wel weer makelijk om dingen te vergelijken of uit te zoeken op internet. Als ze iets wilt gaan doen, bijvoorbeeld een culturele wandeling maken, gaat ze eerst online opzoek naar dat onderwerp voor mogelijkheden. Hobby’s Ze doet niet aan sport, wel heeft ze fotograferen als hobby. Hiermee vult ze ook haar eigen website. Activiteiten Ze gaat bijna nooit met openbaar vervoer. Als ze iets gaat doen gaat ze met de auto of ze blijft in de buurt en eventueel met de fiets. Ze gaat weleens een keer met de trein omdat ze een kortingskaart heeft, maar liever met de auto. De auto vindt ze prettiger, veiliger en ze hoeft niet ze zeulen met haar spullen. Ook loopt ze s’avonds liever niet op het station.
In het weekend plant ze vaak wat activiteiten en wanneer het weer het toelaat gaat ze eropuit. Meestal besilst ze dat de avond ervoor of op de dag zelf. Eigenschappen Ze is erg gestructureerd. ‘Ik wordt knettergek zonder planning en structuur’ NS wandelen Ze heeft er weleens van gehoord maar er nog nooit aan meegedaan. Ze heeft weleens naar georgansieerde tripjes gekeken, maar ging dat toch maar niet omdat ze graag foto’s wil maken en dat werkt volgens haar niet in een grote groep, behalve als iedereen voor de fotografie zou gaan misschien. Als ze gaat wandelen loopt ze gemarkeerde routers. Ze vind de ‘knooppuntroutes’ ideaal, ook omdat je zelf kunt bepalen hoelang je de wandelroute maakt. Ze gaat graag alleen met haar camera. Voor haar is dat echt een moment van rust. Als ze met een groep zou gaan zou ze geen camera meenemen omdat ze daar dan toch alleen maar mee bezig is.
Vrije tijd Doordeweeks voelt ze zich gelimiteerd in haar vrije tijd. Ze is pas laat thuis, moet dan nog eten en heeft dan geen tijd meer over om nog iets te gaan doen. In het weekend kan ze haar werk helemaal afsluiten. Ze vindt het ook niet erg om een heel weekend alleen te zijn en een goed boek te lezen of tv te kijken. Af en toe plant ze een afspraak maar dan maakt ze het niet te laat. Ze vindt dat haar privéleven wordt gedomineerd door haar werk. Ze waardeert haar rust.
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Interview 2 Ze doen minder vaak culturele uitstapjes. Dit vindt ze jammer. Leeftijd: 59 jaar Woonplaats: Eindhoven Nationaliteit: Nederlandse Burgerlijke staat: Getrouwd Kinderen: Ja, zijn het huis uit. (heeft ook kleinkinderen) Opleiding: Directiesecretaresse Thea is 59 jaar en woont in Eindhoven. Ze is getrouwd en heeft twee kinderen en vier kleinkinderen. Ze werkt 18 uur in de week op de TU Eindhoven als receptioniste/telefoniste. Technologie Ze heeft een Iphone, een Ipad en een laptop. Ze gebruikt veel apps omdat ze dat erg handig vindt. Ook touch screen vindt ze erg handig. Ook is ze erg blij met de technologische ontwikkelingen. ‘Ik vind het erg fijn dat alles digitaal is, zoals internet bankieren, vakanties boeken en shoppen.’ Over Thea Ze houdt van zwemmen, vakantie, tuinieren en oppassen op haar kleinkinderen. Ze vindt dat ze genoeg tijd heeft voor leuke dingen. Ze fietst graag met haar man. Soms doet ze dit gepland. Vaak van huis uit want ze is niet zo’n loper. Af en toe gaan ze samen de natuur en naar het bos met de auto.
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Activiteiten Ze gaat eigenlijk nooit met openbaar vervoer, tenzij ze bijvoorbeeld na een feestje niet instaat is om te rijden. Verder pakt ze altijd de auto. Als ze een uitstapje maakt gaat dat niet perse gepland. Meestal op de bonnefooi. Ze maakt nooit gebruik van de NS site. Soms fietsen ze een route met knooppunten. Afstand is niet belangrijk, ze houden van lange afstanden fietsen. Ook geld vindt ze niet belangrijk als ze iets leuks gaat doen. Ze vindt alle Nederlanders rijk. NS wandelen Haar man heeft weleens een NS wandeling gedaan, van Oosterbeek naar Boxtel. Dit vond hij wel leuk om een keer te doen. Zelf loopt ze niet graag maar gaat ze liever fietsen. Als ze lang loopt krijgt ze last van haar achillespezen.
Interview 3 Leeftijd: 50 jaar Woonplaats: Deurne Nationaliteit: Nederlandse Burgerlijke staat: Getrouwd Kinderen: Ja, zijn het huis uit. Opleiding: Natuurkunde Pieter is 50 jaar en woont in Deurne. Hij is getrouwd en heeft twee kinderen. Hij werkt fulltime op de TU als beleidsmedewerker. Technologie Hij heeft een laptop en gewone telefoon, geen smartphone. Hij wil niet constant in contact staan met buitenwereld. Houdt niet van sociale netwerken daarom heeft hij geen smartphone. Touchscreen hoeft voor hem ook niet perse. Hij vindt de ontwikkelingen in de technologie prettig, omdat er veel meer dingen mogelijk zijn. Daarentegen vind hij de wereld minder persoonlijk worden en dat vind hij erg jammer. Hij snapt niet waarom het ‘social’ media heet, omdat dit juist het tegenovergestelde doet.
Over Pieter Hij gaat er graag lekker op uit zonder vooraf te plannen. Zijn grote hobby is gedichten lezen. Hij is een rustige man voelt zich niet beperkt in vrije tijd. Staat positief in het leven en houdt van lekker ongepland dingen doen. Pieter heeft het gevoel dat hij voldoende tijd heeft voor leuke dingen. Hij wil veel ontdekken maar dit niet van te voren plannen. Kinderen zijn het huis uit. Culturele dingen zijn ook leuk. Blijft niet in Deurne hangen. Activiteiten Pieter houdt minder van activiteiten in de natuur. Daarentegen wel van culture activiteiten. Hij houdt ervan om leuke nieuwe dingen ontdekken en daarom vindt hij het in de natuur eigenlijk te rustig. Openbaar vervoer vindt hij fijn om lekker tot rust te komen even boekje lezen even naar buiten kijken. NS wandelen Wandelen tijdens het werk. Vliegende keep, hij houdt niet van vastigheid. Variatie is alles.
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Interview 4 Activiteiten Leeftijd: 41 jaar Woonplaats: Eindhoven Nationaliteit: Surinaamse Burgerlijke staat: Alleenstaand Kinderen: Nee Opleiding: School in Suriname Marciano is 41 jaar en woont in Eindhoven. Hij is alleenstaand en heeft geen kinderen. Hij werkt fulltime op de TU als schoonmaker. Technologie Marciano heeft een gewone prepaid telefoon, geen smartphone. Verder heeft hij een laptop. Touch screen gebruikt hij op zijn TomTom en dat vindt hij erg handig en fijn. Over technologische ontwikkelingen; ‘Ik vind dat je gewoon mee moet gaan met technologie’. Over Marciano Hij doet geen sport. Hij heeft een paar hobby’s. hij heeft wel geld over voor wat leuks. Hij is graag met vrienden. Niet veel tijd dus je moet gewoon tijd maken.
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Hij vind het leuk om in zijn omgeving te fietsen of te wandelen. Ook vind hij het leuk om steden te bezoeken. Rotterdam en Amsterdam vind hij mooie steden. Hij houdt van culturele bezichtigingen maar hij houdt niet van de drukte. NS wandelen Hij gebruikt nooit NS.nl en kent ook de wandelingen niet van eropuit.nl. Wel zou hij het misschoen gebruiken om een city trip te maken.
Interview 5 Leeftijd: 49 jaar Woonplaats: Nijmegen Nationaliteit: Nederlandse Burgerlijke staat: Getrouwd Kinderen: Ja, zijn het huis uit. Opleiding: PABO Marian is 49 jaar en woont in Nijmegen. Ze is getrouwd en heeft 2 kinderen. Ze werkt parttime bij de gemeente Nijmegen, afdeling burgerzaken. Technologie Marian heeft op dit moment een prepaid telefoon, maar wil zo snel mogelijk een smartphone. Thuis gebruikt ze vaak een Ipad. Het gebruik van touchscreen vindt ze erg fijn. Ze heeft alleen wat moeite met typen, omdat ze dat niet gewend is. Ik zou graag een smartphone hebben met een aantal handige apps. Vooral Whatsapp lijkt me handig omdat iedereen dat gebruikt en het gratis te downloaden is. Verder vindt ik de technologische ontwikkelingen van deze tijd niet heel erg. Vooral het verzenden van berichten en media vind ik erg handig. Vroeger moest je wachten op een brief, nu hoeft dat nu niet meer.
Over Marian Ze doet aan hardlopen en bodyfit. Haar hobby’s zijn lezen en fotograferen. Ze vindt het leuk om op de computer bezig te zijn, bijvoorbeeld met foto’s bewerken of een album te maken. Activiteiten Ze vindt het leuk om te wandelen of te fietsen in de buurt. In haar omgeving is veel natuur. ZO loopt ze bijvoorbeeld graag over de dijk of door de polder. Ze heeft naast haar werk nog zat andere taken te doen, zoals het huis schoonmaken maar over het algemeen vindt ze dat ze genoeg vrije tijd heeft om leuke dingen te doen. NS wandelen Ze is er niet mee bekend maar staat wel open voor gebruik van NS wandelen.
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Interview 6 Leeftijd: 51 jaar Woonplaats: Nijmegen Nationaliteit: Nederlandse Burgerlijke staat: Getrouwd Kinderen: Ja, zijn het huis uit. Opleiding: HEAO Hans is 51 jaar en woont in Nijmegen. Hij is getrouwd en heeft twee kinderen. Hij werkt als zelfstandige ondernemer. Hij is daardoor veel aan het werk ook als hij thuis is. Technologie Hans heeft een Ipad en een Iphone. Hij heeft deze beide gekregen via het werk en voor werk gerelateerde zaken, maar hij gebruikt ze ook steeds meer voor privé doeleinden. Hij werkt graag met een touchscreen. Mede door zijn werk gaat Hans mee in het technologische tijdperk en hij heeft daar ook geen problemen mee. Hij omschrijft het juist als een verrijking van de maatschappij en vindt het erg leuk om de nieuwe technologische dingen uit te proberen.
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Over Hans Hans is een vrolijke man stelt hij zelf en is erg blij met het werk wat hij doet. Veel van zijn tijd besteedt hij aan werken en haalt daar ook de meeste voldoening uit. Daarnaast plant hij graag leuke dingen met zijn vrouw. Hij vindt het leuk om van te voren dingen uit te zoeken en goed te plannen, daar beleeft hij ook een beetje voorpret door. Activiteiten Hans besteedt veel tijd aan sporten naast zijn werk. Hij hardloopt veel om te ont-stressen en een moment van rust te hebben. Hij vind het ook leuk om samen met zijn vrouw te fietsen en te wandelen. Ze boeken ook zo nu en dan een stedentripje en gaan eropuit in het buitenland. NS wandelen Hij had er nog nooit over gehoord en hij gaat ook nooit met de trein. Hij staat er echter wel voor open maar dan wel in de buurt.
Appendices D: Personas
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Appendices E: Requirements Functional requirement
Look-and-feel
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Ease of use
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Ease of learning
Performance
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Appendices F: QOC analyses
5 important criteria:
How can the user experience the most during the walk? 3 different interaction design options for the interface:
1. Is the interface clear? It is important that the user directly understands what the interface means. And understands the different visuals. 2. Is the interface exciting? It is important that the user likes to use the app and that it excites him/her. 3. Is the interface interactive? It is important that there is interaction between the user and the interface. The interface needs to react upon the tasks of the user. 4. Is the interface easy in use? It is important that the user immediately understands how to use the interface and how to interact with it. 5. Is the interface visual enough? It is important that the user can explore the route, visuals are the best way to help the user encounter different things.
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In order to define which option is the best one, we decided to give each option a score per criteria. This can vary from 1 to 3.
Option 1 is very clear, because of the top view you immediately get a good understanding of the route. Score: 3
1 = It isn’t 2 = A bit 3 = It is
Option 1 is a bit exciting, you can become enthusiastic because you can see yourself on the route and you can see which sights you will soon meet. Score: 2
Option 1: the route map Option 1 is very interactive, you can click on the pictographs presented on the route map and the interface will react and give you more information about that specific sight. You can also see yourself walking on the route map. The interface presents your GPS-position and moves when you move. Score: 3 Option 1 is very easy in use, because of the top view you can directly see where to click and how to interact with the system. Score: 3 Option 1 is a bit visual, you can see the route and yourself as a point on the route but it isn’t totally visual. It is still a route map and not a video of you walking in the environment. Score: 2
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Option 2: 3D view
Option 2 is not clear, because you see only a little part of the route, you only see the environment in which you are at that certain moment. Score: 1 Option 2 is really exciting, because you can really see yourself placed in the environment and explore the things around you. Score: 3 Option 2 is a bit interactive. You see yourself moving in the environment but there aren’t a lot of pictographs on which you can click in order to get more information. Score: 2 Option 2 is a bit easy in use. You can directly see where you are and how far you have to walk until you will be at the next sight but because there’s now overview of the total route it is not really easy in use. Score: 2 Option 2 is really visual. What was already mentioned before you see yourself walking through the environment at you interface. It can’t be more visual than that . Score: 3
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Option 3: Overview
Option 3 is really clear, because it is an overview of all the sights that you meet. You can directly see what the interface means and how you can interact with it. Score: 3 Option 3 isn’t exciting, because it is just a sum up of sights. Score: 1 Option 3 isn’t interactive, because you only have a list with information but you can’t really explore the route. Score: 1 Option 3 is easy in use, because it is an overview so you can easily see how to use the interface. Score: 3 Option 3 isn’t visual enough because you can only see a list of pictographs with information but you can’t see how they are located on the route and you also can’t see yourself at the route. Score: 1
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In order to give an overview of all this above we made a table with results:
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By using this method we found out that option 1 is the best option for our design:
Description task: Take a photo at a specific sight When the user is near a sight the pictograph of that specific sight pops up in the route map. The user can click on the pictograph and a new screen opens. Now he/she can click on the photo-pictograph in order to take a picture of the sight. When the user finished, the photo appears on that specific place on the route-map.
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Appendices G: Paper prototype
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Appendices H: Interaction Problem Report (IPR) Expert evaluation: Interaction problem report (IPR) Violated heuristic: #3 conceptual model Description: The meaning of some buttons are not clear. Possible causes: The pictures on the buttons are not familiar to the user. Expected consequences: 50% of the users will be confused and don’t know how to interact with the interface and therefore need help. Violated heuristic: #4 user control, flexibility of use Description: User can get stuck with the interface Possible causes: There’s no ‘back-to-menu’ button, in order to go back to the home page. Expected consequences: 50% of the users will make a mistake and don’t know how to undo their mistake, therefore they wouldn’t use the app anymore.
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Appendices I: User evaluation
Choose the evaluation approach and combine techniques to answer the questions.
DECIDE-framework Determine the goals of the evaluation addresses The purpose of this evaluation is to get insight into the ease of use of the interface on the ‘walk’-app. The participant will walk through the interface and perform several tasks. This evaluation will be a formative test to test if the user understand the interface and to identify problems. The specific goal of the evaluation is to get insight in the level of understanding and ease of use of the three main tasks while using the walk-app. Explore the specific questions to be answered. Do users understand the search device and the selection of their walk of interest? Do users understand how to explore the route map and the different sights? Do users understand how to make pictures and review these pictures during walk or at home?
The evaluation approach we want to use to reach our goals would be a mixture of the ‘quick and dirty’ and ‘usability testing’. The quick and dirty approach is good because we will be testing informally and let the user executed their task and ask them which problems do they encounter by speaking out loud during the test. Also the usability testing approach will be used. We will be set a predefined path the user will navigate through. We will look at (unexpected) problems they encounter. Identify practical issues. The testing environment will be at home behind the laptop. Although eventually the interface will be used on smartphone this is a good enough to evaluate our paper prototype. On the (most) smartphones the app will be controlled by touch. In our paper prototype the interface will be controlled by mouse to point out the buttons. This does not detract from the usability. The equipment that will be needed: a laptop Users will need to know how to use this ahead of time, but with controlling a mouse on a laptop screen we will not expect any problems.
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This can pose a problem that could reflect on the usability of the system.
Evaluation Inform user
The participants that will help us evaluate our interface will be regular adults. They will be approached when they are at home. The identity of the participant is to be confidentially handled and would not be disclosed in the release of any findings. Decide how to deal with ethical issues. Ethical issues we may encounter would be dealing with confidentiality of the users. We will let them sign an informative consent form that guards their rights. Our duty after that is to make sure their personal information will not be released.
Introduce This app is designed to improve the experience of walking. It will offer several interactive features. First one is to choose your walk by interest. Second is the virtual route guide with lots of extra information about sights and other aspects of the route. It displays your position during the walk by GPS. The app works also together with your smartphone camera so that you are able to capture all your special moments during the walk. These pictures are displayed and positioned on the virtual route guide also by GPS. There are also a possibilities to save your favorite walks and write reviews to inform others.
Evaluate, interpret and present the data. We will evaluate the data by looking for problem they encounter and compare these problems between the different users and try to find out the causes. Also we take the user feedback in account within out design. We will write down the negative aspects and the problems they encounter but also the positive feedback we may receive during testing.
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Tasks Task #1. Choose your walk of interest. Task #2. Experience the route and sights Task #3. Make pictures and review afterwards Informed consent form The purpose of this test is to get insight into the ease of use of the interface on the ‘walk’-app. The participant will walk through the interface and perform several tasks.
The participant is free to participate or to refuse participation or withdraw from the research. This may at any time during the test.
User evaluation User 1 (Maria)
There are no risks associated to this test. Also this test is not confidential. The test will be recorded with video. This will only serve as a reference and will never be made public.
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User 2 (Frank)
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User 3 (Sam)
User 4 (Eva)
Results Task #1. Choose your walk. All the user likes the design and the use of icons. They don’t understand the ‘favorite-icon’. They would like to see the interests and options more visual. They miss a main page or menu to go back to for overview. The search device should be more specified per person and maybe other more relevant options. They want to be able to choose preferences in ‘distance’ and ‘level’ walking. Task #2. Experience the route and sights All the user likes the design and the use of icons. They understand the most icons except the ‘walk position-icon’. Also they would like to see direction feedback of this icon, like an arrow. They would like to be able to zoom in and out. Task #3. Make pictures and review afterwards All the users like the camera functions within the app. Some of them would like to see this function with more functionality. They doubt the functionality and overview with many pictures on the screen.
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Comparing 2 evaluation methods We have evaluated our paper prototype as an expert and with actual users. On certain level you are able to establish yourself as an expert and try to evaluate your own design as an expert as objective as possible. When you really want to evaluate your design in depth it is better to use real users that fits the target group. At some aspects of a design, an expert may have more knowledge and experience than the user like for example about form or technology. But the actual ease of use and the experience should be tested with users. They may encounter unexpected problems and can help you by comments and thoughts that they disclose during testing. We encounter several unexpected problems by testing the actual user. Therefore we would prefer to evaluate always with the user and not only with experts.
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