UFP Basics DG300
Kim Sauvé Maaike de Jong
s100315 s080944 1
Table of contents Introduction Context of use analysis Persona hypothesis and requirements Personas QOC Analysis Prototyping and expert evaluation User evaluation Reflections Appendices Our prototype
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Introduction There are many photo collections available on the web with photographs of old times. Elderly people enjoy very much to go through these pictures and tell the associated stories. If we don’t record these stories one way or the other, memories of how it used to be will be lost forever. The assignment is to design the interface for an electronic photo album for the iPad, which allows people to access such databases, to select photos and store them in their own electronic album, and to store their memories along with the photographs, either in written or in spoken form. During this assignment we went through the User Center of Design Cycle. We first defined the problem and made a storyboard of how we thought people should work with our design. After this we started to interview people, to see if they shared our ideas. This was especially important because our target group existed of elderly, and we can try to think for them, but they could very well have totally different ideas. We made personas based on the interviews we took. The next step was to define some requirements for our interface and think of a design. We also had to define some interaction problems and work out the best solution to fix them. After this we made our prototype and first tested it by experts (ourselves) and then did some user tests to see what the users thought of it. After this whole cycle we had our prototype of the interface and some recommendations to improve it.
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Context of use analysis Storyboards:
Grandma tells stories to her children and grandchildren.
On short term they will remember the story.
The children and grandchildren can ask her questions during the visit.
On the long term they get frustrated because they don’t know the exact story with the pictures anymore.
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Users: Mainly elderly people, children, grandchildren Capabilities & limitations: bad motorics, cognitive dysfunction (forgetful), partially hearing, poorer visibility Tasks/activities: • Find pictures • Make albums • Load pictures • Add pictures to the albums • Add the memory through speaking or writing with the pictures • Listen to an existing memory • Pick a suitable computer voice (optional) • Adapt the volume level • Adapt the font size • Zoom in and out • Possibility to connect to friends or family • Safety features • Comment options • Add or remove help menu’s Additional stakeholders: • Family & friends / social circle • Other elderly • Nurse How they’re involved: • Children / grandchildren: help with use, listen to the stories, ask questions • Other elderly: add memories, watch/listen to memories, add comments • Nurse: help with the use of the digital album Environment: Physical: peaceful, quiet, inside, garden Social: work individually or in pairs, share files and stories, comment on each other stories, bonding over distance Organizational: living alone or in a elderly home; work with your own pictures and download from database; different maps Technical: connect to internet, camera, computer, iPad, mobile, USB, SD-card; memory size or upload speed needs to be appropriate, possibly added speakers or headphones or microphone Relevant experience goals: • Increase bonding: When elderly live at a certain distance from each other and don’t have to compliance to visit each other they can contact each other through this device. • Fun and satisfying: Elderly feel useless sometimes, they feel like they irritate people around them with all the care they need from them. With this device they feel useful again. They can share their memories in a simple way and have something to leave behind when they’re gone. • Easy to use: They don’t have problems with sticking pictures and handwriting anymore. • Preserve family history: It’s a pity that some grandchildren never knew their grand-parents or only in the time they were already disabled. With this device they can listen to their stories and can form a proper view about their grand-parents • Platform to talk about • Get affection again or understanding
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• •
Proud of themselves that they keep up with technology Proud of their stories
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Persona hypothesis Sorts of people who might use this product: The main people who use this device are mostly beginners. There will also be some experts who know how to work with the iPad and know more about technique. Goals: Bonding more with family is an important goal, but also record stories that otherwise would be forgotten. Another goal is that it is an easy, quick way to share pictures with everyone and everywhere. Needs: Some elderly need more help than others. Help in going through the device, but also help with the touchpad. Some will need almost no help and others just a short explanation. Behavior: Some people can get very emotional with their memories and others can stay calm. Some memories release feelings of happiness and some memories of sadness. Exploration Ranges of behavior: Elderly can be very suspicious for technology, others just don’t understand it and don’t feel the motivation to keep up with it. Others try hard and get a slightly understanding in it, but you also have the people who try hard and don’t manage the understanding of it. You also have the elderly who are very used of working with the technology and love to keep up as much as possible. Types of environments: Elderly can live at their own house, with our without a nurse, but they can also live in an elderly home. They can live alone or together with a partner. They can have their children close by and see them every week or more, or don’t see them that often because they live to far away. Requirements Functionality Requirement Type: 9 Description: The product offers elderly easy access to their digital pictures and the added memories they sampled in their digital album(s) Rationale: Clear interface with the possibility to make albums with spoken or typed memories with the pictures Fit Criterion: An interview should prove that the users are more satisfied with keeping their pictures and memories in this way. Look & Feel Requirement Type: 10 Description: Elderly should be comfortable in using the product. Rationale: The product should’ve a conventional look to make the elderly comfortable. Fit Criterion: An interview and physical observation should prove that the users are comfortable with the product. Ease of use Requirement Type: 11a Description: The product is able to give constantly feedback on the steps the elderly should take. Rationale: There’s a help menu in the screen that can be adapted to the user’s needs. Fit Criterion: Tally the mistakes that elderly made nevertheless the help menu is there, and watch and what points it goes wrong. Functionality The product shall save stories with pictures This is to make sure that stories of the past will not get lost. The product will save the stories to the pictures in albums and it will directly be possible to hear/read them back. Ease of learning/use Elderly must be able to use the product. This is to make sure they keep using it and understand all possibilities of the product. After at the most one afternoon of explaining the elderly should be able to work with it. Look & feel
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The product must have an easy, logic interface. This is because elderly should be able to work with it and should intuitively understand what they can do with it and what all the buttons mean. Once a button is seen the meaning/function must be understood immediately.
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Personas Poppy Masons Personal profile Poppy is an active old little lady. Her health is not anymore what it used to be, but she makes good use of the opportunities she still has. Every morning she gets up on time and together with her husband she reads the newspaper. The second love of her life is her parakeet Mr Mumble. Every morning she sings for him and she believes that he really waits for her to stop singing before he starts on his breakfast. Poppy has lots of activities during the middays and evenings. One night per week she goes bridging with some old friends of her and tap-dancing is something that keeps her fit. She loves to care for her grandchildren when they visit her and tells them a lot of her memories. She enjoys their fresh look on old stories and shows them often the suitable pictures with her memories. Sometimes she gets e-mails from her grandchildren with their stories and pictures in it, they want to show it to grandma, but she finds it hard to work with the computer. Once, she followed a course for it, but the technology goes so fast that she’s afraid she gets behind. Now the pictures get more digital, making the old fashioned album is more and more a struggle for her. Even if the pictures are digital, she feels the need to print them and still stick them in an album. She forces herself to keep doing this, because she wants to preserve the stories by sampling them in albums. She doesn’t print them all. Most pictures end up at the USB-stick, but with this device she hasn’t the possibility to get a nice tangible overview of the pictures. Sometimes she write something next to the pictures, to give them more context, but not whole stories, there’s no place for that. Every time she watches at the pictures with her children and grandchildren, she needs to remember again what the picture was about. She accomplishes every time, but there will be a time that she isn’t able anymore.
Background • 77 years old white woman • Housewife • Married, children • Lives in Eindhoven, row house • Still quite enterprising in her daily life Attributes • Strong will to keep up with the times • Stubborn • Accurate • Caring, loyal, family above everything • Inexperienced in technology • Self-sustaining Customer needs • Structure, regular interface • Simplicity • Guidance, with the possibility to turn it off • Efficient, with minimized amount of steps • Forgetful
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Peter Bravehearth Personal profile Peter is just retired and now enjoys his free time. He likes to go fishing with his friends or making long walks on the beach with his wife. Peter has worked for over 40 years at a technical university in Eindhoven. He has always been at the front of the new techniques and if anything new came out he bought it immediately. He doesn’t buy anything new anymore, but he still likes to know everything about the latest techniques. Pictures are very important for Peter. He has scanned a lot of his slides and old pictures and put them on his computer and iPad. He likes to look back at certain pictures because they bring back good memories. Peter has very young grandchildren, and he makes a lot of pictures of them. He shares this pictures with his friends, and they also talk a lot about past times together. One of his friends is a fried of him since primary school, so they have a long history together. Peter would like to share his pictures in an easy way. He could already share them now via the iCloud, but you can’t send a lot of pictures to a lot of people then and he wants to choose himself who will get which picture. He wants to send different pictures to his family and to his friend, but some pictures may go to both groups. He also would like to add some text to it. He would then at a short line in which the location of the picture or the event is explained. Or just share an old picture of the street where he used to live with a friend. He doesn’t have a lot pictures from the environment where he lived while he was young, so he would really like to be able to find those pictures. The comments he write with those pictures may be shown to the whole world. He would also like to add sound and optimize his picture with this program, just enlarge the contrast or get rid of the red eyes. In the future, when he will not be here anymore, he would like to keep his stories save for his family. Just some memories from him written beneath the pictures, so his grandchildren can also see who he was and where he live. It would just be a nice hobby for him, something he can play with in his free time, and a way to communicate with his brother in the US, to send pictures and brag about his grandchildren.
Background: • 66-year-old married, man. • Grandfather. • Just retired. • Has worked in a technical environment for over 40 years. • Likes to keep up with new technology, always buys the newest things. • Uses his computer and iPad a lot, almost 24hours a day. • Has a lot of pictures and likes to make pictures. Attributes: • Younger (compared with the target). • Male. • A lot of experience with the iPad and internet. • Much experience with digital pictures. Customer Needs: • Not too much guidance • A lot of extra’s like sound • Easy tool to optimize pictures • Big database with pictures of the past • Share pictures with other people
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Ann Tatcher Personal profile: Ann has always been a modern woman, but with the new techniques it all has become a lot more difficult for her. She know how to use her computer and has done multiple courses to learn how to work with it. She can e-mail with her children and grandchildren and if she needs something or wants to know something she now how to find it on the internet. She especially loves to search on the internet for new ideas and techniques for her hobby, making cards. She also likes to take pictures with her digital camera, she loves to take pictures from nature and holidays. She especially likes the digital camera because you don’t have to wait for you pictures anymore and you can right away select which pictures you want to throw away and which you want to keep. Ann likes to look at her pictures, especially from the far past or the present. Pictures from the period in between don’t say a lot to her. She likes to write some stories next to this pictures, like who are on the pictures and what happened at that time. She also likes to share stories with her grandchildren but only when they are about thing they also know, like when they were little or when she or her daughter was a child. She would really like to keep more in touch with her grandchildren. For her it would be fantastic if they send pictures to her, on which she can comment and if she could send pictures, in an easy way, to them. She is searching for an program which is not too difficult and could guide her with simple, clear steps. Not just once but every time she wants to send a picture or add a memory to a picture. She would then send pictures from her or her daughters youth complete with a song or story. She wants it to be a save program, her pictures do only have to go to her family, no one else has to see them. When she adds the story she would like to type, because it is then easier for her to think about
what see would say and to correct. She would like it if the app looked like an old fashioned picture album. This because the album then fits with the old black and white pictures and she would use it with more ease if it looked like something she already knew. Background: • 72-year-old, woman. • Stopped working when she got her kids, 47 years ago. • Has worked before as a typist. • Wants to keep in touch with her grandchildren, who live over an hour driving away. • Has a computer, just for e-mail and the necessary look-ups. • Has a lot of stories from the past to share. • Has a lot of pictures from the past. Attributes: • Older • Female • A little experience with computers/internet • Has some experience with digital pictures. Customer needs: • A lot of guidance, in simple clear steps • Not too much extra’s, just very clear. • Old-fashioned lay out, that will go with the pictures • Share pictures with other people, but not with the whole world. • Easy way to find pictures in your database and compare them with each other.
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QOC Analysis Scenario Poppy is a 77 year old lady. She just got her new iPad from her children. She figured out that she easily can search for pictures on the internet with this device. She already experienced that the dragging of the pictures to a certain album is something that she has to practice. She uses the iPad to search for pictures on the internet and puts these pictures together with her own pictures in an album. She can then add her stories, songs and memories she has to a picture. She can decide herself which persons have access to her album. The picture of the old farm she lived reminds her of her early days and she want to share this happening. She selects the recorder icon so that she can talk to her iPad. While she’s talking she can follow the appearing text in the screen. When she’s finished she checks if her story is complete enough and she goes back to the start screen and selects the community button. There she drags her picture with the story to the icon of her grandson Ben. He gets immediately a message on his phone that his grandmother wants to share a picture and memory with him. Design problem: To design an interface for a digital album, so that elderly can store their memories by their pictures and so they can store their pictures, edit them and share them with acquaintances. Interaction problem 1: How can the user keep the overview and easily see what his/her options are? 3 options: • Menu The interface of the menu would be a raster of buttons. Every time you go a step further you get again a new menu, but then specialized in the certain task you selected. The user can work towards his goal by going through these menu’s until he/she gets to the specific goal he/she was longing for. • Side bar The side bar is a permanent menu at the side of the screen. Doesn’t matter where you are in the menu, you can always easily go back or chose for a total different direction by touching a symbol on the side bar. • Recommendation (step by step) This interface will provide you an advice by every step you take. When you select a picture he will show you all the options you could do with is. In this way you will be guided to a certain goal. Criteria: (describe and motivate) • Flexibility: If it’s easy to change plans within this device. If an elderly made a mistake it’s not the intention that he/she panics. There need to be an easy way to get a move undone or to change direction in the device. • Efficiency: How much effort it takes for the elderly come to their target. Technology is in general hard for elderly, so it needs to be easy to come somewhere in the system. They feel more satisfied if the steps are easy and targeted. • Consistency (consequent): If a menu continuous changes it might be confusing for the elderly. Give them structure in an area they’re not comfortable in will encourage them to keep going with it. • Learnability: The steps need to be easy to remember. If it’s a very difficult or long way to come somewhere the elderly couldn’t work with the device without help. They can follow the guidance that’s always there if they want, but it would be nice if they really could grow in small steps and are not as depending as in the beginning anymore. They could get feelings of pride. • Pleasure: Watching pictures is for most elderly a relaxation. So it needs to be a fun experience to work with the digital album, otherwise the elderly wouldn’t use it. QOC Matrix: Criteria/Options Flexibility
Option 1 (Menu) 2 You have to go
Option 2 (Side bar) 3 The side bar is always there,
Option 3 (recommendation) 1 The option you desire is not the
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one or more steps back to change your direction. Efficiency
1 In every menu you have a lot of choices.
Consistency
2 The different layers of menu’s will always be the same. 2 The menus are consistent so you’re able to memorize them for yourself. 1 It’s structured, but going back can give irritations.
Learnability
Pleasure
Sum
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so you can always change direction. You don’t have to go back or have a couple of choices. 2 If you want to go somewhere else in the menu, you see the icon for where you want to go immediately, cause it’s already in the screen. 3 It’s a hold through the whole program, they can always recall to it.
first recommendation, but in the list is an option that leads to it, so you could go back or in a different direction. 3 It limits your choices, so you will get sooner to your target, because the options are more specific and suitable for you.
3 The icons of the side bar are always on the screen, so remembering them will go faster.
1 You get a lot of help, the device is making the selections for you. It’s all done for you, so you don’t have much to learn.
3 It’s easy that you can simple go a step back and that prevent irritation or confusion.
2 Every time you walk a path (with help) through your device with a certain outcome. Every time is it a sort of challenge again, this can be seen as fun. 8
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1 Every time you get a suitable amount of options, so every time you get a different view.
The side bar is with 14 points the clear winner. Our main goal is giving structure and peace in our interface. A regular side bar will give them the possibility to go back in a ease way. They keep the overview, because there is always an ease way to go back and these ways are always visible, so they have the security that they always have this back up. Interaction Problem 2: How can the user add the found pictures to the desired album? Options: 1. Drag and Drop, just drag the picture to the right album and release it when it’s in. 2. A button on the picture, you have to push that button (the add-button) and can then choose from a list of albums which one you want. 3. Drag the album to the picture 4. Put the picture in a general album and when you go to that album you can decide per picture in which album you want to put it. Criteria 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Easy to understand, the meaning is clear As few operations as possible Do-able with shaky hands Hard to put the picture in the wrong album Very clear in which album you are putting the picture/ have put the picture Not time-consuming
QOC-Matrix The scale is defined in this way, you can get a score form one up to five, where 5 is the best (++), 4 is good (+), 3 is just sufficient (+/-), 2 is bad (-) and 1 is very bad (--). There are a few criteria that more important, this are criteria 1 and 5, these weight 2 times as much as the other criteria.
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Criteria 1
Criteria 2
Option 1 4, the meaning is definitely clear, but you have to hear once that it is possible. 5, just drag and drop.
Option 2 5, it’s very clear you just click on the button and then on the album.
Criteria 3
2, you can easily let go of the picture and lose it in that way.
3, not very much operations but more than just drag and drop. 4, you only have to ‘click’, sometimes the buttons/text can be small.
Criteria 4
3, easily dragged into the wrong album, unless the albums are very big.
3, you can easily click the wrong album, unless the albums are very big.
Criteria 5
4, when the album lights up or anything like it, it is easy to see.
4, you click it yourself, and it could also light up.
Criteria 6
5, you can do it rather quick.
Total Sum
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4, multiple operations, but still not very timeconsuming 32
Option 3 2, it’s actually the other way around, you add the album to the picture, that’s confusing. 5, just drag and drop.
Option 4 5, it’s very clear, you add the picture to an album and then to the specific album. 2, very much extra menus and operations
2, you can easily let go of the picture and lose it in that way, or accidentally drag it to another picture. 2, easily dragged to the wrong picture, when you accidentally release the album during the dragging. 5, you drag the album so it’s always clear in which album you have put it. 5, you can do it rather quick.
5, you only have to click on big buttons.
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5, you almost can’t put the picture in the wrong album.
5, you see the picture and then click the album, success guaranteed. 2, very timeconsuming.
From the QOC-matrix follows that option 4 would be the best option. Though it’s very time consuming and it are a lot of operations, it is easy to understand and almost impossible to make a mistake. When you are not working with elderly people shaky hands isn’t a problem and it is then probably more important that it works fast. In that case is another solution (like solution 1) probably more suitable. Specific task the user can perform who is using our design. Poppy wants to share a song with her friend Irene, and decides to put it to an already selected picture of the playground from their old primary school. She takes her iPad and turns it on. She then goes to the photo-album-app. She doesn’t have to go on the internet because the picture is already in her album with old-school pictures. She goes directly to albums and then clicks the old-school-album. She then selects the picture of the playground and pushes the button with ‘add a story’, (the button with the microphone on it). She pushes the record-button in the next menu and starts to sing. She then pushes the stop-button, to stop the recording. She clicks on the play button to hear if everything is recorded well. If this wasn’t the case, she would have pushed the ‘record again’-button, but luckily all is recorded well. The song is now added to the picture. Because she already shares this album with Irene, Irene will get a message immediately of the fact that Poppy has put a story to a picture. Poppy decides to share this song also with her grandson. She goes back to the start menu by clicking one button in the menu on the right and chooses the button social contacts. She selects Ben, her grandson, and then allows him to view that particular picture, but not the whole album. She does this by selecting the album and then selecting the picture and push the share-button. Ben will also get a message now of the fact that his grandmother has shared a picture with a story with him.
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Prototyping and expert evaluation Specific task that can be performed with our prototype With the prototype you can select a picture, add a memory to it and select the person who may see the picture and listen to the memory. The steps she has to take to reach the goal are: Turn the iPad on. Start the app Choose the map-icon in the main menu. Choose the map which contains the right picture. Select the picture from the overview of the pictures of the selected album. Select the record-icon. Push the record button. Start talking. Push the stop button. If wanted: listen/read the memory you just have added to the picture. Decide whether to throw it away, add something or, when everything is the way you want it, touch the tick-button. Select the community-button in the side-bar. Select the person with who you want to share your memory. Select the add-picture-button. Select the picture from the recent pictures. Answer the question ‘do you want to share your memory with ….?’ With yes. Turn back to the main menu by touching the main-menu-button. Close the app with the arrow-button. Turn the iPad off.
Problems we found during the making of the prototype: To which stage should we go back Buttons that stay visible when it is not handy to push them To many steps Clear symbols easy to grab their meanings Not easy going back to the head menu -> confusing arrow and ‘grote terug’ Interaction Problem Report 1. The heuristic that is violated Feedback 2. A description of problem When the picture is selected and the story is added, you go back to the menu with all the pictures. This could be confusing, you are not sure if it worked out or not. 3. Possible causes of problem There isn’t a clear feedback or warning that your task is completed. 4. Expected consequences of problem (severity). Most people won’t have any problems with this, maybe 20% will get confused and not know if they have done it right.
1. The heuristic that is violated Conceptual model 2. A description of problem When you are in the menu in which you can add your memory to the picture (by speaking), you can still push the buttons at the right side. When you do this by accident you go back to a part off the menu. 3. Possible causes of problem It was a choice between keeping the interface constant and buttons which have no use and can even be confusing. 4. Expected consequences of problem (severity).
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30% might accidently push one of the buttons. This because you hold the iPad in your hands, and you hand is quite near the buttons. When you’re speaking and thinking hard about what you’re telling you’re not that busy with what your hands are doing.
1. The heuristic that is violated Efficiency 2. A description of problem There are so many steps to achieve something that you spend in proportion a long time to just pick a picture for example. 3. Possible causes of problem You have to keep the overview and make the risk for mistakes as low as possible, this is best achieved with large buttons and many, clear, steps. 4. Expected consequences of problem (severity). 10% of the persons who use this will find this disturbing. This is the small group of elderly who are used to working with technique and iPads and not afraid to make mistakes.
1. The heuristic that is violated Conceptual model. 2. A description of problem It is not always clear what a button means. The button for typing is a pen, so you could be confused with writing. The buttons for add a map and add a picture are a map or a picture with a plus next to it. This can be confused with make a new map/picture. 3. Possible causes of problem The symbols on the button can be explained in multiple ways. One way is the right explanation, but might not always be the most obvious one. 4. Expected consequences of problem (severity). 70% of the users will experience this problem and 20% will need help to overcome this problem.
1. The heuristic that is violated Conceptual model 2. A description of problem There’s a ‘going one step back’ button and a ‘going back to the menu’ button. This is confusing because the arrow might also mean that you go back all the way, and the ‘go back to the menu’ button isn’t very clear because it is a small reproduction of the real main menu. 3. Possible causes of problem There isn’t a clear symbol for go back to the main menu. But because you can go back in two different ways it becomes confusing which one is which. 4. Expected consequences of problem (severity). 30% will experience a problem with this, by not daring to push one of those buttons because they’re afraid to do it wrong. The symbols differ a lot but you can’t just see which one will do what.
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User evaluation Task: Pick an picture from you album, add a story to it and share it with someone from you community. Form of agreement: Introduction: This user test is a part of an assignment from Maaike de Jong and Kim Sauvé, students of the TU/e. We like to invite you to perform this test. The goal of this test is to find out if our interface is clear and easy to use. We have designed our interface to work intuitive, so you should be able to understand immediately what the meaning of the different buttons is and which one you should touch to reach you goal. This user test will help us to improve our interface and is used for study purposes only. During this test we will ask you to perform the following tasks: • Choose a picture from your album • Attach a memory to this picture by speak • Share this picture and the memory to someone of you community Check the box that applies to your situation: o I agree to be filmed while I fulfill the tasks and I agree that this film is used in presentations o I do not agree with being filmed during the test Your signature is the proove for the following: you’re minimal 18 years old, the user test is explained to you, all your questions are fully answered and you’ve chosen voluntary to participate in this user test.
Name:
Date:
Signature:
Interview questions: We will make them at the moment, considering our goal. So at the end you can ask questions about the symbols/ease of use/difficulty/time/mistakes etc. DECIDE: Determine the goal Formative, we are performing this test to improve our design. Explore -
Are the symbols clear? Is the order of steps clear? Is it consequent? How is the amount of steps? Does is give pleasure/satisfaction? How many mistakes are made during the process? How long does it take? How many tips had to be given during the test?
Choose Usability testing in a controlled setting. We combine the results of 4 different people we’ve tested to make our final results and evaluation. We also combine the results of 2 different researchers because we both will test 2
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people. We also use methodical triangulation because one of us will film the test, while the other will just make pictures. Identify Not used to work with an iPad. Having more trouble with moving their hands in the right direction (bad motorics). Less visibility. Decide Pressure of keeping up with the time, so keep learning the newer techniques. Should their pictures be made public, or should they keep their privacy. Evaluate The meaning of the interview was not totally clear in the beginning, so maybe a little bit more explanation is needed next time. During the user test we ran into the following problems: They didn’t get the folder principle totally, the folders weren’t recognized immediately. The record and writing options were clear, but the button to actually start the record (the red circle) wasn’t clear enough, because red is also the color for ‘stop’. The funny part was that they recognized the stop-button as the record button. The little icon of the start menu wasn’t recognized at all, only when all the other options were gone they use the button. The parchment in the corner of the picture with the edited memory was recognized as the send button. It did indeed look like a letter so that mistake was made quickly. We used the MSN icon of the two puppets as a community icon, but as old people don’t use MSN, they didn’t recognized it. The arrow to go one step back was seen as a totally go-back-button, what was not intended. Things that they did interpreted well were the icons as the world globe, the play button and the bar with recent pictures.
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Reflection Maaike th
I’m a 4 year student Biomedical Engineering and I’m currently doing a minor Industrial Design. I choose this assignment because at my department we never consider the needs of the user, when we have to make something we only look at the technical specifications. I would like to see the process of designing from another way, from a user based approach. In the first week the four of us discussed a long time about the train ticket vending machine, it was funny to see how far all the opinions were apart. The ones who used the machine for a long time were very used to it and liked it, while someone who didn’t used it that often had much more difficulties with it. In this week I made my first storyboard, which I could have made a bit neater, and answered all the questions. In the second week we discussed the storyboards together (with the four of us) and the questions, but I was the only one who had answered them already. At this point I realized that is was very important with this assignment to keep up every week because you would otherwise slow the others down as well. I did get some good ideas from the storyboards of the others and we made the interview questions. In the third week I hadn’t done my interviews yet because all people of above 60 years have died in my family. Kim and I thought out our whole concept this week, we both got very enthusiast about it and we also thought of many interaction problems, so we both choose one problem to work out. In the fourth week I interviewed 3 elderly, 1 who didn’t like technique at all, one who could work with a computer and did that quite often and one who had 2 iPads at home and couldn’t live without technology. I made the personas right after the interviews because I remembered the most about it right after it. After the lecture Kim and I thought out our prototype and made the IPR. At this point I was the only one of our group who was on schedule, but it didn’t really slowed us down. The only point was that Kim and I had to do our own expert analysis because the other team didn’t had their prototype finished yet. The week after that we had to do the user tests, I sadly had to perform them on my friends because I didn’t found any elderly to test on. We combined our results and wrote the report. Together with the other team we made the presentation, but we had actually too little time to work on it so it all had to happen very last minute. During this assignment I’ve learned that it is very important to keep up with all the exercises, because when you’re behind you have to work very hard to catch up again. I also have learned to work together with students from different years, I really had issues with keeping my patience at the start but I had to realize that the first years just started a few months ago and this is their first real assignment. Though I learned to work together with them I still think it might be an improvement to put first years together in teams and older students in other teams. At the end I was very proud of our product and I have learned a lot about the design process. I really liked to see what kind of results you get from interviewing people and doing User Test. It helps you to step out of your ‘world’ and see what your users actually think of your design. They see things and do things you haven’t thought about and they might like something you already have thrown away. The user test also shows you the real facts, what you thought was a very clear symbol seems to be the opposite. I also learned that not adding text isn’t equal to make things more clear. The next time I’ve to make a product at BME I will for sure take the needs of the user into consideration.
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Reflection Kim This was the first assignment that I had and immediately the first meeting it opened my eyes. I realized how much factors you have to think about when designing something and how many design mistakes you can make. It was for example impossible for an English person to practice on the internet with the simulation of the card machine, because it wasn’t in English. We had to make storyboards for the second week and it was nice to see four totally different interpretations of the same design case. We discussed about the interview questions that we were supposed to make. I enjoyed doing the interviews, because it was nicer to interact with real people instead of making assumptions. In the third week I discovered the QOC analysis. It wasn’t the most fun thing to do, but at the end you had real evidence why the option you chose was the best, because you analyzed it. The fourth week was the prototyping week and we decided to make a paper prototype. It was nice to see how you can make a real nice looking prototype with only paper and marker and what you could accomplish with it. The first prototype I made within my project was quite a high fidelity prototype, while I experienced now that you can get even more feedback with a low fidelity prototype as long as you focus on your goals. What also was nice to experience was the fact that I could use the information of the week before to implement in the next week. I really built my own design process and it was nice that they helped us with it by cutting it into steps per week. In this way I got aware of the process I went through and I could see the connections between the up following weeks. In the last week I did a user test. I never made a form of agreement before and it felt very strange for me to do it so official, but I got the point of it. If I want to do bigger scaled user tests in the future I need to have my data authorized otherwise it would be privacy abuse for the participants. With every task we got I realized more and more that it was every time quite a job. I was almost afraid that we would forget something to do of all the tasks, but in the end we accomplished to fulfill everything in a decent way. I really had to catch up with my work every week, what was sometimes a bit overwhelming for me, but on the other side was I proud of myself that I could accomplish so much in just a couple of weeks. It was nice to experience how fast you grow if you work hard and that is definitely something I will remember from this. I really want to use this experience in my next project, because it gives you a lot of insight in the user and you also get a lot of experience in different areas as interviewing, mapping and structuring data.
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APPENDICES APPENDIX A List of interview questions: Name: Age: Gender: Family: Married: Hobbies: Income: Job function: Location: Brief sketch of a typical day: Motivations and frustrations: Do you have any experience with technical devices? Have you someone to help you with this technical devices? With what kind of technology did you work? Are you willing to keep up with technical devices? Do you know what an iPad is? Are you interested in pictures? Do you have many pictures? What kind of pictures are they? What would you like to do when seeing a picture? Are you interested in stories? Do your prefer writing or telling your stories and why? What kind of stories do you tell/write with your pictures? If you tell them to whom do you tell them? Would you like to preserve your stories? And how? (written/spoken) How do you usually use your photo album? (sort out, time line, first write etc) Do you see an advantage in a digital album instead of a real album? Would you use this digital album yourself? How would you like to use it? Would you like it step by step or chose the order by yourself? Would you like to be able to digitally decorate the album? Would you like it when the text appears on the screen during your record? Do you like having a family tree? Would you like to share your pictures and your stories with this device? With whom? Why do you want to share pictures/stories on the internet? Why (not)? Do you want other people to share their pictures too? Would you use their pictures? And only use from known people or also from strangers? To which devices should it be connected? (camera, computer, USB, SD card)
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APPENDIX B Interview Harry Roumen, a 64 year old man. Do you think there are advantages about a digital foto-album? Yes, the quality is constant especially with older pictures and slides this is a big advantage. You can also go quicker through the pictures and because you have them ad hand you will show them/look at them quicker. Are you interested in pictures/do you have a lot of pictures? I have a lot of pictures. I’ve scanned a lot off my old photo’s and slides and I also make a lot of pictures with my digital camera. I also have many photo-albums. Do you have experience with the iPad/Internet/electronical devices? I’m almost the whole day on the internet. I’ve a computer, an iPhone, two iPads and I use them all a lot. Would you like to preserve your stories with the pictures? Not at the moment, but I can imagine that if you want to share or transfer your pictures it is a good feature to add a story. I do name my pictures with the name of the city or event. Would you like to use your own ‘family’ pictures, or pictures from the internet of the past? Yes, I also have postcards from the past, from places of my youth or other interesting events/places. It would be good if you could find them easily on the iPad. Are you willing to learn and to keep up with new technologies? I like to be at the front with the new techniques. If something new is on the market I want to have it almost immediately. Especially the audio/video kind of things. Would you like to be able to decorate your pictures? No, I don’t have any need in that. I do optimize my pictures with photoshop, but they have to be a representation of the truth, not a completely changed picture with a frame around it, or a weird hat or something like that. Would you like it if it looked more like a real picture-album? No, I would like it to be as modern as possible. You have to be able to make a slide- show, the text could be at the bottom but also in little text-balloons, it must be possible to add music to the stories. A multimedia show.
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Would you use it? Maybe for the picture-part, if it has better futures then what I’m using at the moment. I’m not yet interested in the text-part. Would you like to tell or to write the stories? I would like it more to write them. More from the perspective of the listener, it would be very confronting if you hear the voice of someone who’s already dead. Written text is much less confronting, and with written text it is easier to decide if you want to read it or not. But it could of course be an option if you want to listen to it or not. Would you want your album pictures on the iPad? I already have them on it. My most precious pictures are on my iPad so that I’ve them always with me. It is important for me to keep my pictures save, I saved them on three different hard discs so in case of a crash or fire they won’t be gone. With who do you do you want to share your pictures? With the whole word. Everyone may see my pictures, they’re not secret. To which technical devices should the iPad be able to connect? PC, television, everything that can display video. Maybe you could try and make a 3D-image from a 2D picture. Would you like it to guide you with simple steps? No, I would want to find it out by myself. Just a help with a simple search function will do, so that if I really don’t know how I should reach what I want I can search & find. How do you now use a picture album and how would that be on an iPad? I think an iPad is more integral, you have the text, the pictures and maybe the audio connected with each other. It is also more individual, you don’t need to be together to few you pictures anymore. I didn’t hear much new things about your concept. With I cloud and an iPad you can already do this. I do think that for elderly people who don’t have much with technique it is a nice device in which you have all options clear and together in one app.
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Interview with Hennie, a 65 year old woman. Do you think there are advantages about a digital foto-album? I think there are many advantages but mainly for younger people. It will give them a much larger range to communicate with other people. When you, example given, have your own company you can reach more people and show them pictures of what you sell (her son in law has his own company and he cooks for people at their homes, he could easily show pictures of what he has cooked this way). For me, I don’t see many advantages, I’m too old and not used to work with techniques to have many advantages of it. Are you interested in pictures/do you have a lot of pictures? I have a lot of pictures and picture albums. From me, from the past and from my children. At the moment I’m making a picture-album for my 2 grandchildren with pictures of them in it. Do you have experience with the iPad/Internet/electronical devices? I don’t have any experience with them at all. I have a computer, but I almost never turn it on. Only when I really need it. I have done a course to learn how to work with it, but I didn’t really like it. It is just not in my interest area. I think the product would be very nice if you’re interested in computers and stuff. I don’t have the time to work with it/ learn how to work with it and I just don’t need it very often. Would you like to preserve your stories with the pictures? I like the idea, but I don’t think anyone else has to know my stories. Would you like to use your own ‘family’ pictures, or pictures from the internet of the past? I’ve a lot of pictures from the past, but I’ve them stored already in albums at my home. I think it would be a very useful device for the younger generation. They make a lot of pictures with their digital cameras and this would be an easy way to put them digitally in a album and show them to other people. It would be easier to use a digital album when you have a digital camera. Are you willing to learn and to keep up with new technologies? I’m willing to learn, I’ve done an computer-course once. But when I was there I was most of the time just waiting until it was over. I understand the profit when you use a computer, but I’m not interested at all in the computer. No-one in my environment uses a computer, I’ve 1 friend who just bought a laptop, but that’s about it. My children can do more with the computer but they don’t do a lot with it either. They just use it when it is necessary to use it. Would you like to be able to decorate your pictures? I don’t really see the need of that, but I do understand that it is fun when you like to work with it. You can also easy make the pictures more beautiful then, but I wouldn’t use it. Would you like it if it looked more like a real picture-album? I don’t think that would matter a lot, for me it would make no difference. Would you use it? No , I wouldn’t use it. I’m just not working with technology a lot and I like to paste my pictures in a picturealbum. If my friends, children or grandchildren want to view my pictures they can come by and view them in the albums. Would you like to tell or to write the stories?
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I would like it more to write the stories down, because I think you will be easily distracted when you have to listen to a story, you have more attention for it when you read it then when you listen to it. Listening to a story is sooner boring and you can’t easily go back when you missed a part, which is easy when you’re reading. Would you want your album pictures on the iPad? No they’re now in albums, I think you will put you’re pictures you make now on your iPad because they’re already digital. With who do you do you want to share your pictures? Not everyone has to see my pictures, what do they want it for? If I want to show certain pictures because we are talking about it, or I’ve just been on vacation I will show them to the people who are interested in it at that moment. To which technical devices should the iPad be able to connect? It should connect whith your digital camera so you can put your pictures on it. Would you like it to guide you with simple steps? Yes, thath would make it a lot simpler to use. You would also use it sooner because you know it is not to difficult because it will guide you through it. I also think an explanation is always of use, because even when you work a lot with computers you would need an explanation to understand this particular system. How do you now use a picture album and how would that be on an iPad? I think you have to search more on an iPad. In my albums I know exactly were te 2 pages with pictures of my vacation at Texel are, or that particular picture from my winter sports-vacation. If you have to go through all your pictures on the iPad it would be a lot of work. I also think it would be less personal then a real picture-album. It is just not the product for me. I think when you’re interested in technology and already have a computer or iPad, you might use this new product. But in my age-group there might be a lot of people like me who think technology is very difficult. Therefore I think this is more a product for younger people.
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Interview with mrs. Pijnacker, a 69 year old woman. Do you think there are advantages about a digital foto-album? Yes, it is very handy on the computer, you don’t have any trouble with the roles you had to put in your camera before. You can easily send your pictures to other people by e-mail and you can easily select your pictures and delete the wrong ones. You don’t have to bring your pictures away anymore, so it is also a lot quicker. I like the fact that you have everything in your own hands. Are you interested in pictures/do you have a lot of pictures? We take a lot of pictures with our digital camera. We have many pictures on the computer (also old ones that we have scanned or of which we have token a picture) and on DVD’s. We also have photo albums. Do you have experience with the iPad/Internet/electronical devices? I use the computer when I need it. I use it for e-mail or to look up certain things. Sometimes that are tings I need and sometimes it are things that I like to do like making cards. I think that you are better prepared when you first have looked up certain things on the computer. I’ve never worked with an iPad before. Would you like to preserve your stories with the pictures? I’ve never written a lot stories next to pictures, also not in picture albums. I do like to do it when it are family pictures because otherwise no one will know who are on the pictures. I’m actually doing that at the computer at the moment. Would you like to use your own ‘family’ pictures, or pictures from the internet of the past? I would like to do both. The pictures from the real present, from now, have to be on it, but also pictures from very long ago. Not from the period in between. I would love to find some pictures from the landscape of Alphen or Bodegraven, where I used to live and live now. We also buy always books with pictures of the environment from the past, so it would be very nice to have them on the iPad. Are you willing to learn and to keep up with new technologies? I like to keep up with new technology, you’ve to go with your time. I don’t have to have the newest thing, but I want to know enough of it to keep up, to be able to e-mail with the grandchildren and text and call them. I don’t have to be on hyves and facebook and I also don’t think I want to buy an iPad, or the newest telephone. Would you like to be able to decorate your pictures? No, I’m not interested in that at all. Would you like it if it looked more like a real picture-album? Yes, I would like the album to go with/fit with the pictures I took. When I’ve some very old black and white pictures of the family I wouldn’t want a very modern red album or something like that.
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Would you use it? If I understood how it worked I think I would really like to use it. Would you like to tell or to write the stories? I would like to type/write the stories because then it would be easier to correct your mistakes or go back. You can think longer about it and would be able to explain things more secure and precise. When someone is sitting next to me I would like it more to talk because then you can better see their reaction, see if they get it. Would you want your album pictures on the iPad? I would rather use it for the pictures I already have digital, the others are already in albums. Pictures of very long ago I would want on my iPad, to show them easier and keep them visible (old pictures go bad very quick). With who do you do you want to share your pictures? Just with my family. No one else has to see them. To which technical devices should the iPad be able to connect? It should connect whith your digital camera so you can put your pictures on it and with your computer to put the pictures we have on the computer on the iPad. Would you like it to guide you with simple steps? Yes very short simple steps. Not long difficult sentences you have to read 3 times before you understand them. Just short steps like click and do this, and when you’ve done that the next step will appear. It would be easier to use and I would use it easier when it had such simple steps. How do you now use a picture album and how would that be on an iPad? I think the whole atmosphere would be different because it is not an actual album. I find it hard to say something about this because I’ve never seen or hold an iPad. I think it might be more difficult to easily compare pictures with each other, normally you just go back in the book and fold the pages a bit and hold the pictures next to each other. This is more difficult on an iPad. It is easier on an iPad to enlarge the pictures so you can see someone’s face better, or a detail. I don’t think we would by an iPad very easy, but on the other hand we didn’t thought we would ever own a computer some years ago. If it is explained in clear steps we would like to use it. I would really like it if my grandchildren get a message about a picture I’ve just added, and the other way around.
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Interview 20-11-11 19:18u Name: Nelly Duisters Age: 74 Gender: Female Family: Yes Married: Yes Hobbies: Bridgen, rikken Income: .. Job function: Housewife Location: Row house Brief sketch of a typical day: ’s Morgens op tijd opstaan. Altijd. Dan gaan we eerst ontbijten en samen de krant lezen, daarna ga ik douchen, ik heb veel werk met mezelf. Dan maak ik het bed op of haal ik de was af en dan drinken we koffie. Dan ga ik het eten voorbereiden, want we eten altijd ’s middags warm. Na de middag is het oftewel bridgen, of pap gaat biljarten of ik ga ergens op de koffie of ik doe boodschappen of ik ga naar de markt. Ik heb altijd wel iets. ’s Avonds als we thuiskomen eten we weer op tijd brood. Daarna hebben we ook nog altijd wel iets om handen. Twee avonden ga ik bridgen, drie avonden gaat ons pap biljarten en één avond doen we nog rikken. Heb je al ervaring met technische apparaten? Ja beetje. Welke apparaten bijvoorbeeld? Ja de computer en de televisie, radio. Zijn er ook mensen die je met deze apparaten kunnen helpen? Ja ik heb 2 kleinkinderen die daar heel goed in zijn en die mij geregeld daarin een beetje bijstaan. Ben je bereid om bij de tijd te blijven met deze apparaten? Ik vind het wel steeds moeilijker worden, want als ik nou die nieuwe apparatuur bekijk dan geloof ik niet dat ik dat nog kan leren. Het wordt dan te moeilijk. Weet je wat een iPad is? Eigenlijk niet helemaal goed. Eigenlijk is het een soort van scherm met een touch screen. Het is een soort computer, maar dan een die je op je schoot kunt pakken. Door aanrakingen kun je zoals met een computermuis door het menu bladeren. Oh dat is wel makkelijk. Het idee is om daar dan een digitaal album in te maken. Dat je naar een internet site gaat en daar foto’s zoet en dat je ze vervolgens in je eigen albums kunt plaatsen. Ben je geïnteresseerd in foto’s? Jawel. Jawel. Heb je veel foto’s? Ja ik heb er best wel veel. Heel die ladekast daar zit bomvol. Wat voor soort foto’s zijn het voornamelijk? Van baby, vakantie, etentjes, verjaardagen. Van geboorte tot nou toe eigenlijk. Ik heb nog van allerlei foto’s van toen jullie klein waren, maar nou word het steeds minder want ik krijg er ook helemaal geen meer van jullie. Ja het is nu ook allemaal digitaal. Alles is nou digitaal en nou krijg ik ook wel digitale foto’s, maar die staan dan op de computer. Ik laat ze niet allemaal afdrukken. Ik heb er een heleboel op een stick staan en als ik dan foto’s krijg van kennissen waar we bijvoorbeeld weer geweest zijn dan staan ze even op de computer, maar na verloop van tijd haal ik ze er toch
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af en zet ze op de stick. Op die stick zitten er ondertussen toch wel veel op. Van allerlei gelegenheden, maar ik vind het wel jammer want bepaalde dingen wil ik dan ook wel weer eens afgedrukt hebben. Wat is het eerste wat je wilt doen als je een foto ziet? Wil je erbij schrijven of vertellen of hem juist eerst inplakken? Nee, ik schrijf er niks bij. Alleen de herinneringen vind ik al leuk. Ben je geïnteresseerd in de verhalen bij de foto’s? Ja, het zijn meestal verhalen die ik nog ken. Maar heb je er dan genoeg aan alleen die foto te zien? Ja, daar heb ik eigenlijk voldoende aan. Maar ik kan me indenken als je nog eens ouder bent dat de mensen zich dan afvragen: ‘wat was dat ook alweer?’. Tot nu toe weet ik dat nog goed. Stel je zou die herinnering er toch bij willen zetten, zou je het dan liever schrijven of vertellen? Vertellen is ook makkelijk ja. Wat voor soort verhalen schrijf of vertel je dan bij de foto’s? Dat maakt niet uit, dat ligt aan de welke gelegenheid. Is het een verjaardag dan zal het niet zo moeilijk zijn, maar als je nou een dagje weg bent zoals laatst in zo’n museum dan zou dat wel leuk zijn als je bij die foto ook het verhaal hebt dat erbij past. Dat je een context geeft? Ja. Als je verhalen vertelt over je foto’s tegen wie vertel je ze dan? Tegen diegene die met mij foto’s kijkt. Hoofdzakelijk familie en vrienden. Vreemden laat ik eigenlijk bijna nooit geen foto’s zien. Zou je het fijn vinden om die verhalen te bewaren? Ja, leuk om te bewaren. Zou je het dan fijn vinden dat het er geschreven (getypt in dit geval) bijstaat of dat er een opname bijzit? Ja, een opname. Dat zou ook leuk zijn. Hoe gebruik je normaal een fotoalbum? Waar begin je mee? Ik plak ze in, maar ik schrijf er eigenlijk nooit niks bij. Ik probeer volgorde erin te brengen. In het verleden deelde ik een fotorolletje dus door vier. Toen de kinderen klein waren deelde ik de vakantiefoto’s gewoon in vier. Ik liet ze niet vierdubbel afdrukken dat vond ik niet nodig. Ik deelde ze dus in vier en iedereen kreeg een paar foto’s daarvan. Dan had ik er zelf ook nog een paar, zodoende. Van de meeste foto’s weet ik nog waar het toentertijd was. In het najaar begon ik dan weer eens foto’s in te plakken en het volgend jaar weer. Ik heb daar eigenlijk niet echt een vaste volgorde in. Zie je voordelen in een digitaal album in plaats van een echt album? Ik zie geen voordelen in een digitaal album. Daar moet je denk ik echt me opgegroeid zijn om dat ding tevoorschijn te halen. Als je zo’n iPad hebt kijk je misschien vlugger. Het is niks tastbaars meer. Stel dit komt nu op de markt zou je het digitale album dan zelf gebruiken? Ja ik denk het wel. Als ik het zou hebben zou ik het ook gebruiken. Hoe zou je het dan graag gebruiken? Foto’s van nu af aan erop zetten, maar ik zou niet die oude foto’s er ook nog op gaan zetten. Dat is allemaal voorbij. De dingen die ons nu aangaan zou ik er dan opzetten. Zou je graag stap voor stap verwezen willen worden door het programma? Dat je dus geholpen word of dat je zelf kan kiezen? Nee nee nee, ik zou geholpen moeten worden in het begin, want het is allemaal gewoon te moeilijk.
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Dan wel met de keuze om het aan of uit te zetten? Ja ja. Zou je het leuk vinden om het digitale album ook te kunnen decoreren? Nee. Nee, daar heb ik totaal geen behoefte aan. Stel je kiest ervoor om een verhaal in te spreken zou je het dan fijn vinden als de tekst in het scherm verscheen? Ja. Dat zou heel makkelijk zijn. Of eronder of onder de foto. Je kunt dan zien waar je gebleven bent. Zou je je foto’s en bijbehorende verhalen willen delen door middel van een digitaal album? Nee. Nee, ik zou ze niet op internet willen. Stel je kunt de mensen die je kent toevoegen, zodat alleen zij je foto’s kunnen zien? Ja dat zou heel leuk zijn, maar niet dat iedereen bij de foto’s kan. Dat zou ik niet willen. Zou je het fijn vinden als andere mensen ook hun verhalen en foto’s delen, zodat je ze op kan zoeken? Daar heb ik gewoon totaal geen behoefte aan. Nee, laat andere mensen zelf maar uitzoeken. Dat hoeft voor mij niet. Als je de iPad wil gaan bedienen, waar zou je hem dan het liefst aan verbinden? Bijvoorbeeld aan de computer of camera. Gewoon hier in de kamer. Dat ik hem gewoon vanuit mijn stoel kan bedienen. Dat ik er niet voor naar een ander vertrek hoef. Het makkelijkste.
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Interview 16-11-11 18:56u Name: Riek Sauvé Age: 77 Gender: Female Family: Yes Married: Yes Hobbies: making albums Income: Job function: Housewife Location: Apartment Brief sketch of a typical day: Ik sta op (7.30u) en ik begin met gym. Ik begin altijd met gym. Ik heb het in mijn rug gekregen toen ik ons pap telkens moest tillen. Toen ben ik naar de dokter geweest en hebben ze foto’s gemaakt en me een lijstje met oefeningen meegegeven. Yoga ben ik ook bij. Ik maak de rolluiken open en dan ga ik voor Miesje zingen. Dan ga ik me wassen en klaarmaken. Ik eet ‘s middags warm.
Heb je ervaring met technische apparaten? Ja telefoon. De computer een beetje. Zijn er ook mensen die je met deze apparaten kunnen helpen? Ja jullie mam bijvoorbeeld en onze Joost en Marieke en dat is ook wel nodig voor mij want ik heb de leeftijd gekregen dat ik niet zoveel meer kan. Ik ben blij dat ik wat mee kan gaan. Ben je bereid bij de tijd te blijven? Ik wil graag een beetje bij de tijd blijven, maar ja het valt niet mee op onze leeftijd. Voorheen was dit bij ons allemaal niet, dus wij kennen dit ook niet zo. Jullie groeien erin en wij moeten het nu bijbenen. Opa bijvoorbeeld die wilde er niet meer aan. Dit had uiteindelijk ook wel een beetje met zijn ziekte te maken (MS). Weet je wat een iPad is? Dat weet ik niet. Het is een soort van schermpje dat je kunt aantikken: het touch screen. Wanneer je dit aanraakt kun je hetgene wat je wil selecteren. Nee dat ken ik niet. Ben je geïnteresseerd in foto’s? Ja daar ben ik heel erg in geïnteresseerd. Heb je veel foto’s? Ik heb er héél veel. Van vroeger heel veel nog, toen we nog klein waren en op de boerderij woonden. Werden er toen ook al veel foto’s gemaakt? Nou bij ons kwamen er heel veel uit Eindhoven, omdat het in oorlog was en we hadden een boerderij. Die kwamen dan voor eten zal ik maar zeggen, omdat ze honger hadden en die maakten toen dikwijls foto’s bij ons. Die vonden dat prachtig en die kregen wij dan ook wel. We hebben er verschillende, ook van varkens met biggetjes erachter en het koeienmelken, van die dingen. Heel bijzonder eigenlijk vond ik. Het waren dus echt foto’s van jullie thuis? Ja het waren echt foto’s van ons thuis en ook zelfs een film. Er is toendertijd al een film gemaakt. Er was ook een mevrouw uit Eindhoven en die heeft bij ons een film gemaakt van de boerderij. Heb je alles echt in albums gedaan? De film hebben we gezien toen mijn vader en moeder 50 jaar waren getrouwd
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Als je foto’s bekijkt, wat is dan zeg maar het eerste wat je wilt doen? Wil je erover praten of schrijf je er iets bij? Ja vroeger was het meer gewoon inplakken, maar later is het wel heel anders geworden hier; met trouwen of met een feestje en met het ongeluk van je vader. Daar heb ik overal bijgeschreven. Echt de foto’s van herinneringen en belangrijke gebeurtenissen. Ben je geïnteresseerd in de verhalen bij de foto’s? Oja, die lees ik allemaal en altijd met tranen. Dan komt alles weer terug, maar dat vind ik wel fijn. Het is eigenlijk een soort verwerking voor ons, het erbij schrijven. Het zijn dus altijd familie foto’s? Dus echt van mensen die dicht bij je staan? Ja, die dicht bij je staan. Zou je als je bij een foto een verhaal wilt zetten het liever schrijven of zou je het fijn vinden dat je het gewoon zou kunnen vertellen en dat het apparaat het voor je opneemt en je het later terug kunt lezen? Dat je het niet perse hoeft in te typen. Ja…Ik heb ze zelf allemaal geschreven, typen heb ik eigenlijk ook niet gedaan. Ja nu later met de computer heb ik wel brieven getypt Stel je zou mogen kiezen tussen of het intypen of het te zeggen waar zou je voorkeur liggen? Nou, het schrijven vind ik zelf fijn bij de foto fijner, maar nou vind ik het typen makkelijk. Het gaat nog niet zo vlot, maar het gaat wel steeds beter. Wat voor soort verhalen schrijf of vertel je bij de foto’s? Wat er op die foto te zien is, wat we meegemaakt hebben. Omdat ik veel meegemaakt heb, heb ik veel van me afgeschreven natuurlijk. Dat is tevens een verwerking geweest, maar als ik het nou weer zie, dat is met alles, dan zit ik er evengoed met tranen bij dan komt het toch allemaal weer terug natuurlijk. Als je over een foto vertelt, tegen wie vertel je dan? Meestal tegen familie. Niet iedereen is evenveel geïnteresseerd in foto’s, maar ik en mijn oudste zus deelde bijvoorbeeld heel veel samen, omdat zij ook een dochter kwijt zijn en ik mijn zoon. Die zal ik nu erg missen, we hadden echt dezelfde dingen. Het was een soort gedeelde verwering van ons. Ze kwam heel veel hier en dan gingen we samen naar de foto’s kijken en samen huilen. Vind je het fijn om de verhalen te bewaren? Ja dat is wel duidelijk denk ik. Je mag er nog wel een paar lezen als je wil, want je staat overal bij ook nog. Je kwam met carnaval bij ons en jullie mam had je pakje gemaakt. Je pap kwam met jou binnen en hij was zó trots op jou dat kun je je niet voorstellen. Ik stond er met tranen bij dat weet ik nog, zo gelukkig als hij was met jou. Dat was schitterend hoor. Dat zie ik nog allemaal voor me en heb ik gegarandeerd opgeschreven ergens. Dat weet ik zeker. Als je aan een fotoablum begint, hoe begin je dan? Maak je een tijdlijn of begin je gewoon te plakken of begin je met het schrijven? Ja meestal plak ik de foto’s dat ik ruimte heb om op te schrijven. Zijn de foto’s dan chronolgisch? Ja. Je mag dat wel zien hoor. Ik heb ze hier staan. (Ze laat me een plank vol met mappen zien, er staan er zeker een stuk of 25. Ze heeft me een album van toen zij klein was laten zien, maar ze had bijvoorbeeld ook albums per kleinkind en soms meerdere voor een kleinkind. De hoezen waar de foto’s ingaan bevatten speciale vakjes om een tekstfragment in te stoppen naast iedere foto. Ik zie dat ze soms een kleurenfoto tussen de zwart-witfoto’s heeft zitten. In feite zitten deze foto’s niet helemaal chronologisch, maar ze bevatten wel hetzelfde onderwerp.) Zou je een voordeel zien in een digitaal album? Ja dan heb je dit allemaal niet. Toen hadden we die mogelijkheid nog niet dus je kon ook niet anders. Het is echt handwerk, het is fijn om naar te kijken en het is tevens ook een verwerking.
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Heb je bij een echt album meer het gevoel dat je er iets aan hebt kunnen bijdragen? Dit kun je echt maken en hier geniet ik ook van. Met foto’s inplakken en bijschrijven en die bekijk ik allemaal nog regelmatig. Deze heb ik nu een lange tijd niet gezien, maar dit is echt belangrijk geweest, het is echt van me afgeschreven. Dat digitale is dan weer heel anders dan. Zou digitaal minder persoonlijk kunnen zijn? Ja voor mij wel. Aan de andere kant heb ik nu ook foto’s op de computer staan van mijn zus, van de begrafenis en van een 50 jarige bruiloft. Dit lieten ze toen toch doorgaan, maar dit was dus tevens ook een verwerking eigenlijk. Die staan nu allemaal op de computer nou. Print je de digitale foto’s uit om ze alsnog in te plakken? Dat doe ik vaak wel ja. Die wil ik dan toch inplakken natuurlijk, dat is dan het werk. Ik knip ook bewust nog ooit alvast de foto’s, omdat ik dan weet dat ik ze meteen heb en dan kun je ze ook nog wat scherper laten maken. Eigenlijk was dat toentertijd een mooie bezigheid en ontspanning. Zou je het digitale album gebruiken? Ja, het is eigenlijk veel makkelijker als het zo gaat denk ik, of niet? Als het allemaal makkelijk genoeg is dan ga ik mee. Dit inplakken word nou ook al anders, want ik haal ook al foto’s van de computer. Zou je het fijn vinden als het stap voor stap word uitgelegd? Ja. Jawel dan zal het ook wel gaan denk ik. Ja dat zijn inderdaad nog wat problemen dan voor mij, vooral als ik het niet direct kan vragen aan één van jullie. Ik wil de dingen dan wel, maar er is dan nooit iemand als ik dat wil en dan kom ik er niet uit. Ik ben eigenlijk gewoon afhankelijk van anderen en ik ga niet nog een cursus volgen. Ik krijg mailtjes binnen en ik kan ze wegsturen en dat vind ik voldoende. En als ik het zo op kan nemen dan is het prima. Als je tekst inspreekt, zou je het dan fijn vinden dit in het scherm te zien verschijnen? Ja dat is fijn. Je hoeft het niet direct allemaal te onthouden anders moet je het allemaal opnemen. Dat is denk ik voor oudere mensen heel belangrijk. Zou je je eigen foto’s met de teksten erbij willen delen, zodat mensen die je kent het dan op internet kunnen zien? Ja, veel dingen wel denk ik. Dan zou ik er wel rekening mee houden. Sommige foto’s hoeven niet door iedereen gezien te worden. Zou je het fijn vinden als andere mensen hun foto’s en bijbehorende verhalen ook delen? Ja. Ja en dan is het fijn om het samen te doen. Zou het een oplossing kunnen bieden voor verre contacten? Ja, dat je die dan wel hebt. We doen al altijd foto’s naar elkaar sturen via de mail, maar dan kan dat allemaal makkelijker. Zou je foto’s van andere mensen dan in jouw album plaatsen? Ja, maar die zou ik dan niet bij de familie foto’s doen. Dan zou ik daar een apart album voor hebben en daarin de dingen plakken die buiten de familie zijn. Zou je ook foto’s van vreemde mensen gebruiken? Nee dat zou ik niet gauw doen. Misschien foto’s van Sinterklaas, van de intocht. Maar dit komt dan in een apart album niet bij de familie foto’s. Stel je hebt de iPad en je wilt hem bedienen, waar zou je hem dan aan aan willen sluiten? Bijvoorbeeld de computer, camera, USB stick. Wat het makkelijkste is zou ik zeggen. Het makkelijkste zou ik eruit zoeken.
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APPENDIX C User test De bedoeling was niet meteen duidelijk. Volgende keer moet ik eerst meer moeite doen om het echt goed uit te leggen, maar ik was bang teveel van het programma weg te geven zodat het te makkelijk werd. Icoontje met de twee mannetjes wordt niet meteen als contactpersonen gezien. Het opname bolletje wordt niet herkend, rood is ook een teken van stop zegt hij. De plus wordt geïnterpreteerd als extra bijvoegen, maar niet precies van wat. Na wat gokken komt hij toch op opname toevoegen. Hij snapte het mappenprincipe niet helemaal. De knop met de kleine versie van het hoofdmenu erop werd niet direct herkend, alleen toen de andere keuzes onderhand afgevallen waren. De wereldbol herkennen ze als internet. De pijl als terug, maar ook als helemaal terug wat dan weer niet de bedoeling was. Inspreek en schrijf icoontjes zijn duidelijk. Stop knop wordt in eerste instantie als opname knop gezien. Play word herkend, prullenbak, plusje en vinkje ook. Het perkamentje in de hoek van de foto wordt in eerste instantie als verzendoptie gezien. Toen ik zei dat hij nu de foto naar een contactpersoon moest sturen wilde hij eerst daarop duwen. Contactpersonen waren niet helemaal duidelijk wat hij met de 4 verschillende aan moest. Plus foto wordt herkend, plus map ook, envelopje ben ik vergeten te vragen helaas. Was duidelijk dat de mappen in het contactpersoon menu en in het menu van foto toevoegen verschillend waren. Recente balk werd ook begrepen, zijn eerste beweging was naar de foto met het perkamentje.
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