Efficient Intra and Inter-city Public Transportation System Towards Sustainable Urban Development in Indonesia HIGH SPEED TRAIN PROJECT IN INDONESIA (JAKARTA – SURABAYA CORRIDOR)
DR. Elly Sinaga HERMANTO DWIATMOKO
Director General for Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Transportation, Republic of Indonesia Directorate General of Railways
Indonesia
•
Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic country (17,508 large and small islands).
• DKI Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, and is located on the northwest coast of Java island, forming the main city of Indonesia.
•
The total population of Indonesia 247 million ( 2012 ) of which 58.5% lives in Java,
the world's 4th most populous country (after China, India and US), population growth of 1.2% meaning every 2 years we build one Singapore.
Population Composition 2010
2020
2010
2020
Total Population (in million)
237
263
Male)
119
131
Female
118
132
130 (54%)
180 (68%)
Productive Ages (20–55 years)
~In 2020 productive ages reaches 70%, dependency ratio will go down significantly in one decade Sumber: BPS, World Population Prospect (UN)
-3-
Urban and Transport Condition
Population Numbers (thousand people)
City’s Population in Indonesia 1 city
Jakarta
1 city
Surabaya
9,500
Bandung Bekasi
3 cities
Metropolitan Cities (11)
Medan
3 cities
Tangerang Depok
3 cities
Semarang Palembang Makassar Tangerang Selatan
15 cities 60 cities Source: BPS, 2010
Bogor Batam Pekanbaruu Malang Denpasar Balikpapan Tasikmalaya Surakarta Manado Mataram Yogyakarta
Big Cities (15)
Medium Cities (60)
Vehicle Trend by mode (in million, 2000-2012)
Bus
Truck
Passanger Car
Motor Cycle
94.4
5.3 2.3
85.6
5.0
76.9
+14.3%
61.7 54.8
43.3 37.6 23.0 0.7 20.9 19.0 0.7 0.7 3.4 1.9 3.0 1.7 3.2 1.8
30.5
3.8
0.9 0.8 4.2 2.3 2.0
26.6
13.6
15.3
17.0
20.0
23.1
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
CAGR (2000-12)
Source: Statistic Bureau
5.1
1.1 2.9
3.4 1.4 6.0
4.2 6.9
42.0 28.5
32.5
2005
2006
4.7
67.3
2007
1.7
4.5 7.5
47.7
2008
2.1
4.5 7.9
2.2
2009
10.4
9.5
8.9
61.1
52.8
2.3
2.3
2010
76.4
68.8
2011
2012
Motor Cycle
Passanger Car
Truck
Bus
Total
15.49%
10.83%
9.88%
10.77%
14.3%
Urban Transportation Problems (Jakarta Metropolitan) • • • • • • • •
Heavy traffic congestion (average speed around 15kph) Low share of public transportation services (16.7%) Low commuter rail transport capacity High proportion of motorcycle traffic (>70%) High rate of road accident Air pollution High Transportation Cost Cost of Health due to pollution impact
but • •
Rapid Increase in travel demand Steadily decrease in public transport modal share
Rapid Increase in Travel Demand
58%
Total Travel Demand Year 2003 arround 37,3 million/day* Year 2010 arround 59 million/day**
Tangerang + Tangerang Selatan
DKI Jakarta
Kota + Kab. Bekasi
Bogor
Modal Share
%
Motorcycle
62,9
Private Car
17,4
Public Transport
16,7
Total
100
Source : * JICA 2003; URDI 2011 **JAPTraTis, 2011; Ditjen Perhubungan Darat, Kementerian Perhubungan, 2010
Jakarta MRT Development
No
Intra and Intercity Railway development
Line Length
Target Year of Operation
1 2 3
MRT Jakarta Stage I Monorel Jakarta (Green Line) Jakarta airport rail
15,1 km 14,3 km 33 km
2016 2016 2015
4 5 6 7 8
Double Track Cirebon - Surabaya Bandung Urban Railway Surabaya Urban Raiway Jakarta Commuter upgrade Bandar Tinggi - Kuala Tanjung North Sumatra rail
280 km 42 km 42 km 152 km 28,5 km
2014 2016 2015 2014 2014
Intercity Public Transportation plan & implementation (Case Study : Java Island)
Intercity Transportation Problems • High travel demand on East - West corridor • City, town, and other trip generators are growing rapidly along side of roads • High rate of traffic accident • Low journey speed for road transport
• High proportion of truck along Northern Java Corridor (in some part >90%) • Overweight and over dimensional trucks Road damage • Low modal share of Railway Transport ( for passenger 6%) • Frequent railway level crossing disturbing urban traffic + accident
Logistic Cost as % of GDP
27% 25%
20% 18%
16% 13% 10%
11% 8%
US A
JP N
SG P
MA L
KO R
Sumber: State of Logistic Indonesia 2013
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CH N
TH A
VI E
IN D
Multi modes Transport Development in Java Corridor Metropolitan Jakarta
Industrial Area Petrokimia Metropolitan Surabaya Food Industrial Complex
Steel Industrial Area, Petrokimia
Shipyard (the biggest one in Indonesia)
1. Toll Road : Build by-pass and toll road along Northern Java Corridor ---> Intercity Bus Services do not need to pass through city center or other urbanized areas
2. Railway : 1. 2. 3.
Double track Railway line to improve railway capacity High Speed Train Elevated crossing to reduce travel time and accident at level crossing
3. Maritime: Short Sea Shipping to shift freight from road transport ( >90%) to maritime 13
1) Trans Java Toll-road Network
2.1) Construction Of Double Tracking Of North Java Corridors Status April 22, 2014 DKI JAKARTA
Merak
Cikampek
SERANG Banten
Bojonegoro Cirebon
Bogor Padalarang
Tegal
Sukabumi BANDUNG
Bojonegoro Pekalongan SEMARANG Gambringan
Prupuk Jawa Tengah Purwokerto
Jawa Barat Banjar
Kroya
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Jawa Timur
Sidoarjo
Madiun Kertosono
Kutoarjo
Solo
Bangil
DIY YOGYAKARTA
Operated
SURABAYA
Malang Banyuwangi
Blitar
Underconstruction
Jember
JAKARTA
CIREBON
BEKASI
SEMARANG
PEKALONGAN
BREBES
TEGAL 201 Km
63 Km
72 Km
33 Km 6 Km 2 Km
TOBO
WADU
SEMARANG PONCOL
34 Km
18 Km
JAMBON
UJUNG WELERI JERAKAH NEGORO 15 Km
BOJONEGORO
73,5 Km
24,5 Km
BABAT
35 Km
52,5 Km
SURABAYA
68 Km
29,5 Km
Operated March 2014
659 km
Under Construction
68 km TOTAL
727 km 15
TA
2.2) Construction Of Double Tracking Of South Java Corridors DKI JAKARTA
Merak
Cikampek
SERANG
Cikampek
BANDUNG
TA arat Cikampek
Bojonegoro
Bojonegoro Cirebon
Padalarang
Tegal
Banten
Padalarang
Bogor
Banjar
Kroya Cirebon Tegal
BANDUNG
rat
Sukabumi
Bojonegoro Pekalongan
Prupuk Jawa Tengah Purwokerto
Cirebon
Kutoarjo
Padalarang
Pekalongan
Prupuk Jawa Tengah Purwokerto
Banjar
SEMARANG Gambringan
Kroya
Jawa
Timur
Bojonegoro Kertosono Madiun
Solo DIY YOGYAKARTA SEMARANG Gambringan
Tegal
Sidoarjo
Malang
Bojonegoro
Bojonegoro Blitar
Banyuwangi
Pekalongan SEMARANG Gambringan Jawa
Madiun Solo DIY YOGYAKARTA
SURABAYA
Bangil
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Kutoarjo
BANDUNG
Bojonegoro
Gundih
Timur
SURABAYAJember
Bojonegoro
Sidoarjo
Kertosono
Bangil
Malang
Prupuk Jawa Tengah Purwokerto
Banyuwangi
Blitar
Jawa Barat Banjar
Kroya
Jember
Gundih
Jawa Timur
Solo DIY YOGYAKARTA
SURABAYA Sidoarjo
Madiun Kertosono
Kutoarjo
Cirebon - Prupuk
Madiun Surabaya
Bangil
Ponorogo
Malang
Slahung
Banyuwangi
Blitar
PrupukPurwokerto
Purwokerto -Kroya Kutoarjo
Jember
Kutoarjo - Yogya Solo
Solo - Madiun
JALUR GANDA LINTAS SELATAN JAWA (CIREBON – YOGYAKARTA – SURABAYA): 620 km CIREBON
PURWOKERTO PRUPUK
74 km
56 km
KUTOARJO YOGYAKARTA
KROYA 28 km
PARON
SOLO
76 km
123 km
KERTOSONO
SURABAYA
MADIUN 71 km
26 km
69 km
97 km
Operated
179 km
Underconstruction
74 km
Plan
367 km
620 km
2.3)
High Speed Train project in Indonesia for Jakarta – Surabaya Corridor, approximately 685 km.
3) Short Sea Shipping
19
Passenger Transport fuel saving Passanger Transport Modal Share Projection
Fuel Saving Passanger Transport Strategy in 2020
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
100% 100
90%
90
80%
80
Modal Share
70%
70
60% 50% 40%
High Speed Train
(%)
60 Airplane
Airplane
50 High Speed Train
40
30% 20%
Conventional Railway/ Double Track
10%
Intercity Bus
30 20
Conventional Railway/ Double Track
10
Intercity Bus
0
0% Baseline (DN 2020)
Scenario (DS 2020)
DN 2020
DS 2020
Freight Transport fuel saving
Freight Transport Modal Share Projection
Fuel Saving Freight Transport Strategy in 2020
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
100% 100
90%
90
80%
80
Modal Share
70%
70
60%
60 Airplane
40%
High Speed Train
40
30%
Short Sea Shipping
30
20%
Conventional Railway/ Double Track Truck
20
10%
(%)
50%
Airplane
50
High Speed Train Short Sea Shipping
Conventional Railway/ Double Track Truck
10 0
0% Baseline (DN 2020)
Scenario (DS 2020)
DN 2020
DS 2020
CO2 Reduction multi modes strategy
CO2 Reduction Passanger Transport Strategy in 2020
CO2 Reduction Freight Transport Strategy in 2020
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
(Northern Java Corridor : Jakarta - Surabaya)
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
70 Airplane
(%)
(%)
60
50 High Speed Train
40 30 10
Airplane
50
High Speed Train
40
Short Sea Shipping
30
Conventional Railway/ Double Track Intercity Bus
20
60
Conventional Railway/ Double Track Truck
20 10 0
0
DN 2020
DS 2020
DN 2020
DS 2020
CONCLUSION Various efforts in realizing efficient intra and inter-city public transport in Indonesia is being done and planned by the government. From development of the double track line, to the development of the short sea shipping. The benefits of developing a multi modal transport system is not only limited to Fuel and CO2 reduction, additional benefits include reduced high road maintenance cost and more importantly, reduction in road accident rates.
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SEKIAN & TERIMA KASIH
THANK YOU TERIMA KASIH
