PROSES PEMURNIAN AIR DI PDAM TIRTANADI IPA SUNGGAL TUGAS AKHIR OLEH: MARITO HUTAGALUNG NIM 102410012
PROGRAM STUDIDIPLOMA III ANALIS FARMASI DAN MAKANAN FAKULTAS FARMASI UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2013
Universitas Sumatera Utara
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PROSES PEMURNIAN AIR DI PDAM TIRTANADIINSTALASI IPA SUNGGAL TUGAS AKHIR Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Ahli Madya Pada ProgramStudiDiploma III Analis Farmasi Dan Makanan Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara
Oleh: MARITO HUTAGALUNG NIM 102410012
Medan,Mei 2013 Disetujui Oleh: Dosen Pembimbing,
Drs. SaifulBahri, M.S., Apt. NIP 195208241983031001
Disahkan Oleh: Dekan,
Prof. Dr. Sumadio Hadisahputra, Apt. NIP 195311281983031002
Universitas Sumatera Utara
WaterPurificationProcessinTirtanadiIPASunggal ABSTRACT The process ofwater purification(water purification)is a process ofchanging thestateof themurkywater, odorlessandcolorless, apHrange ofcrystal clearwater, freeofmurky, odorlessandcolorlessandneutralpH. In the process ofwaterpurification, waterparametersthat must be consideredinclude: Chemicalparameters(heavy metals), Physicalparameters(taste, odor, residualsolids, the degree ofturbidity, color, andpH), as well as theparameters ofBiology(bacterial pathogens). Waterpurificationunitsinclude: dams, intakes, canalintake, settlingbasin, RawWaterTank(RWT), RawWater Pump(RWP), Clearator, filter, reservoir, FinishWaterPump(FWP), lagoon. Coagulantis addedin the process ofwater purificationare: alumsolution(to reduce the turbidity of the water), a solution oflime(due to the addition ofalumwater becomesacidic, so itadded a solution oflimetoneutralizepH), andaffixingchlorine(as a disinfectant in killingpathogenic bacteriaandalgae). Keywords: water purification, water treatmentunits, the addition ofcoagulant.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Proses Pemurnian Air di PDAM Tirtanadi Instalasi IPA Sunggal Abstrak Proses pemurnian air(water purification) merupakan suatu proses mengubah keadaan air dari keruh, berbau dan berwarna, pH beraneka menjadi air yang jernih, bebas dari keruh, berbau dan berwarna serta pH yang netral. Dalam proses pemurnian air,parameter air yang harus diperhatikan meliputi: parameter Kimia(logam berat), parameter Fisika (rasa, bau, sisa zat padat, derajat kekeruhan, warna, dan pH), serta parameter Biologi (bakteri patogen). Unit-unit pemurnian air meliputi: bendungan, intake,canal intake, bak pengendap, Raw Water Tank (RWT), Raw WaterPump(RWP),Clearator, filter,reservoir, Finish Water Pump(FWP), lagoon. Koagulan yang ditambahkan dalam proses pemurnian air adalah: larutan tawas (untuk menurunkan kekeruhan air), larutan kapur (karena penambahan tawas air menjadi asam, oleh sebab itu ditambahkan larutan kapur untuk menetralkan pH), dan pembubuhan klorin (sebagai desinfektan dalam membunuh bakteri patogen dan alga). Kata kunci: pemurnian air,unit-unit pengolahan air, penambahan koagulan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR ISI Halaman LEMBAR JUDUL ................................................................................... i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................. iii ABSTRAK ................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................ vi DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................... viii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................. ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN .........................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang ....................................................................... 1 1.2Tujuan dan Manfaat ................................................................. 2 1.2.1Tujuan .............................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Manfaat ........................................................................................... 2 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..............................................................
3
2.1 Air .......................................................................................... 3 2.2 Sumber-sumber Air ................................................................
4
2.2.1 Air Laut ........................................................................ 4 2.2.2 Air Hujan ...................................................................... 4 2.2.3 Air Permukaan .............................................................
5
2.2.4 Air Tanah ..................................................................... 5 2.3 Hubungan Air dengan Kesehatan............................................
6
2.3.2Air sebagai Breeding Places Vector ..............................
7
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2.3.3Air sebagai Media Penularan Penyakit ......................... 2.3.4 Kandungan Bahan Kimia ............................................. 2.4 Kegunaan Air Bagi Tubuh Manusia ...................................... 8
7 7
2.5 Syarat Air Minum .................................................................. 8 2.5.1 Syarat Fisik ..................................................................
8
2.5.2 Syarat Kimia ................................................................
8
2.5.3 Syarat Bakteriologik ....................................................
8
2.6 Standar Mutu Air Minum ....................................................... 9 2.6.1 Parameter Fisika ...........................................................
9
2.6.2 Parameter Kimia ..........................................................
10
2.6.3 Parameter biologi .........................................................
10
2.7 Proses Penyediaan Air Minum ...............................................
11
2.8 Unit-unit Pengolahan Air .......................................................
12
2.9 Proses Pemurnian Air .............................................................
18
2.9.1 Cara Mengatasi Kekeruhan ...........................................
20
2.9.2 Koagulasi ......................................................................
21
2.9.3 Injeksi Tawas ................................................................
22
2.9.4 Filtrasi ...........................................................................
24
2.9.5 Pengaturan pH Air ........................................................
24
2.9.6 Injeksi Larutan Kapur ..................................................
25
2.9.7 Injeksi Chlorine.............................................................
25
BAB III METODE PENGUJIAN ............................................................
28
3.1Tempat .................................................................................... 28 3.2Alat dan Bahan ........................................................................ 28
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3.2.1 Alat ............................................................................... 28 3.2.2 Bahan ............................................................................ 28 3.3 Prosedur ................................................................................. 28 3.3.1 Pemurnian Air ........................................................................ 28 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................................
31
4.1Hasil Penambahan Tawas ........................................................ 31 4.2 Hasil Penambahan Kapur .......................................................
32
4.3 Pembahasan Tawas ................................................................
33
4.2Pembahasan Kapur .................................................................. 33 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ...................................................
35
5.1Kesimpulan .............................................................................
35
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................
35
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................. Lampiran ..................................................................................................
36 37
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel 1.Data Jar Tes Tanggal 7 Februari 2013 ........................................ 31 Tabel 2.Data Jar Tes Tanggal 9 Februari 2013 ....................................... 32 Tabel 3. Data Hasil Analisis Kapur ......................................................... 32
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Halaman Lampiran 1. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 Tanggal 19 April 2011 .............. 37 Lampiran 2.Tabel Pemeriksaan Kualitas Harian ...................................... 40 Lampiran 3. Tabel Pemakaian Tawas untuk Proses Pengolahan Air di PDAM Tirtanadi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Sunggal........ 41 Lampiran 4. Gambar Alat
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