PEMBERDAYAAN
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PEMBANGUNAN MASYARAKAT
? Mencakup: Community Development (pembangunan masyarakat)
Community Based Development (pembangunan yang bertumpu pada masyarakat)
Community-driven Development (pembangunan yang digerakkan masyarakat)
“Memampukan dan Memandirikan Masyarakat” = PEMBERDAYAAN Prepared by Trisakti
What does it mean to Empower? Pemberdayaan adalah terjemahan dari kata empowerment, yang berasal dari kata empower yang mengandung pengertian: To give power or authority; To give ability to; Enable; To make powerful, give strength and validity; Process of gaining power, developing power, taking or seizing power.
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“Empowerment involves people in assuming control or mastery over their lives.” (Rappaport, 1987) “Empowerment is a social action process that promotes participation of people, organizations, and communities towards the goals of increase individual and community control, political efficacy, improved quality of community life and social justice.” (Wallerstein, 1992)
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Empowerment Theory • Empowerment-“process by which individuals and groups gain power, access to resources and control over their own lives. In doing so, they gain the ability to achieve their highest personal and collective aspirations and goals” (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, 1998, p.91). “empowerment means providing people with the resources, opportunities, knowledge and skills to increase their capacity to determine their own future, and to participate in and affect the life of their community. Empowerment should be aim of all community development” Prepared by Trisakti
• The process of empowerment is defined as “enhancing the capacity of an individual or group to make purposive choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes” • The state of empowerment is defined as “an individual or group having the capacity both to make purposive choices and to transform those choices into desired actions and outcomes”
• Empowerment is the capacity to make effective choices.
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APPROACHES TO COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT Approach DO DEVELOPMENT TO THE PEOPLE (TOP DOWN) DO DEVELOPMENT FOR THE PEOPLE (TOP DOWN) DO DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE PEOPLE (BOTTOM UP) DO DEVELOPMENT WITH THE PEOPLE (COOPERATIVE) PEOPLE HAVE THE POWER, SKILLS AND CONFIDENCE FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT FOR (EMPOWERMENT)
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PEOPLE’S ROLE IN PROCESS People are seen as separate from the development process People are seen as recipients of development but not as active players. People are seen as important in the process for achieving development, but it is still orchestrated from outside the community. People’s participation is seen as a necessary ingredient, with communities considered as catalysts or partners in development The focus is now on developing local capacity for self-development. For the first time, people are seen as the primary focus and owners of the development process.
EMPOWERMENT
Commitment to problem-solving with local knowledge, skills and resources
Project staff act as facilitator of a problem solving process
Community group owns and controls Problem identification and strategy analysis
Sustainable selfreliance, including the identification, accessing and use of external resources
PROCESS APPROACH (INNER DEVELOPMENT)
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STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN
PENYADARAN
PENGKAPASITASAN
-SDM -Organisasi -Sistem Nilai
PENDAYAAN
-Daya -Kekuasaan -Otoritas -Peluang
Bagan tahapan pemberdayaan (Wrihatnolo dan Dwidjowijoto, 2007). Prepared by Trisakti
Pemberdayaan melalui TIGA aras (empowering setting)
Micro: foundation for building upon the other levels (tujuan: membimbing klien dlm menjalankan tugas-tugas kehidupannya)
• • • • •
Builds Self-Efficacy Personal Consciousness Decreasing Self-Blame Assuming Personal Responsibility Skills: Developing Strengths, Validation, Sharing in power and equality, Respect
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Mezzo: (pemberdayaan klien melalui kelompok sbg media intervensi)
• Empowered person would work with others on changing oppression on a broader level • Group Consciousness • Group recognizes shared feelings and experiences; realizing they are not alone • Skills: Mobilizing resources, Work to see commonality between the group members
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Macro: • Empowered person feels like they can advocate to change policies • Educate and inform public about oppression and inequality • Skills: advocating on behalf of empowered person, taking action, educating
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Pendampingan Sosial dalam Pemberdayaan
Four Roles:
• • • •
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Resource Consultant Role Sensitizer Role Teacher Trainer Role Cooperator Role
1.Resource Consultant Role (Catalyzing) • Linking clients to resources so that it enhances their self-esteem and problem solving skills. • Linking clients to resources so they can also work towards achieving their own independence and own control over their lives. Prepared by Trisakti
2. Sensitizer Role (Enabling) • Helping clients gain the knowledge necessary to take control of their own lives. • Empowered person recognizes and identifies their own strengths and the strengths of other
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3. Teacher Trainer Role (Priming) • Places the social worker as manager of the learning process aimed at helping the client find solutions for their situations. • Social worker act as a broker to seek to educate professionals and communities about the barriers that people encounter Prepared by Trisakti
4. Cooperator Role (Linking Groups) • Client is the one who is selfDetermining in achieving self-efficacy and empowerment. • Connecting empowered person to Others who share common histories, issues, and barriers.
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INDIKATOR UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT
• Can explain what they have as resources and how to use them • Can formulate purposes, objectives, outputs, activities, budget and duration necessary for their activities • Can demarcate what they can do without outside assistance, and what they need from outside • Can collaborate with various stakeholders by understanding roles and responsibilities of them • Can utilize knowledge and technology they acquired through the collaboration with stakeholders • Has initiative to maintain and manage the assets created through their activities • Knows what have already been conducted, what they have acquired, and how they can act to solve their problems • Can formulate future vision, identity issue, analyze problems and solve them Prepared by Trisakti
KERANGKA PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT
PEMBERDAYAAN
SASARAN
FUNGSI
Masyarakat
Kelembagaan Masyarakat
FASILITASI
Keluarga
Pasangan Suami -Istri
Individu
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Pria/Perempuan dan Anak
PENGGERAKAN
PENDAMPINGAN
HIRARKI FUNGSI PEMB. MASY Unit terkait dan LSM Peduli prog pemb masy
Regulator
PROVINSI O
Unit terkait dan LSM Peduli prog pemb masy
KOTA/ KABUPATEN
P
Implementator Program
E R
Unit terkait dan LSM Peduli prog pemb masy
KECAMATAN
A
Supervisor Kegiatan
T
Unit terkait dan LSM KELURAHAN Peduli prog pemb masy
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O R
Pelaksana Kegiatan (Eksekutor)
PENGGERAKAN DAN POLA JEJARING DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT Goverment
Community Empowerment
Pemberdayaan masyarakat Institution & Leader
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Participation & Responsibility
People
