POLICY DIRECTION AND PPP INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES ON TOLL ROAD SECTOR Delivered on
KOREAN-INDONESIA PPP FAIR DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HIGHWAYS MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS
10 DECEMBER 2007
A. HERMANTO DARDAK DIRECTOR GENERAL OF HIGHWAYS
PUBLIC WORKS INFRASTRUCTURES Physical infrastructure is the prerequisite for social and economic development. Lack of infrastructure leads to bottlenecks and hinders economic and social activities. The Ministry of Public Works is responsible for the provision of Public Works infrastructure, such as roads, irrigation, clean water, sanitation and human settlements infrastructure
1
Road Infrastructure as Platform for Economic & Social Life
• Total length of Indonesian road network is 347.000 km consist of among others 34.600 km national roads including 650 km of toll roads.
2
REGIONAL APPROACH IN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT The development of public works infrastructure in Indonesia adopts the regional development approach that complies with the principle of “infrastructure for all” and “sustainable development.”
Developed Region
Developing Region
Newly Developing Region
3
Toll Road Development Overview
1. First Toll road operated in 1978, Jakarta-Bogor (45 km) 2. Current Toll road in operation, 649 km, mainly constructed before 1997 economic crisis
First Toll Road Operated in 1978
3. After 1997 economic crisis, Toll roads construction was halted. 4. Before 2004 Jasa Marga (SOE) was assigned as both operator and regulator of Toll roads 5. By 2010, 1600 km of Toll Roads are constructed
Ministry of Public Works
4
CURRENT MAIN REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN TOLL ROAD PROVISION No.
Item
Regulation Law No.38/2004 on Road Govt. Regulation (GR) No.15/2005 on Toll Road
1
Toll Road Provision
Minister of Public Work Decree No. 295/PRT/M/2005 on Toll Road Regulatory Body (BPJT) Minister of Public Work Decree No. 392/PRT/M/2005 on Minimum Standard of Toll Road Services
2
3
Toll Road Network Land Acquisition
Minister of Public Work Decree No. 369/KPTS/M/2005 jo. No. 280/KPTS/M/2006 on Master Plan on National Road Network that included the toll road network Presidential Regulation No. 36/2005 jo. No. 65/2006 on Land Acquisition for implementation of Development for Public Interest Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 10/PRT/M/2006 on the Guideline for Enterprise Fund Usage for Land Acquisition for Toll Road Presidential Regulation No. 67/2005 on Partnership between Government and Enterprise on Infrastructure Provision regulating the criteria on partnership project, tariff, government support as well as process and procedure of procurement
4
Toll Road Investment
Minister of Finance Decree No. 38/PMK.01/2006 on Guidance for Implementation and Management of risk on Infrastructure Provision which regulate the Government guarantee to the associated risk related to the political, project performance, and demand risks of PPP project. Minister of Public Works Regulation No. 27/PRT/M/2006 on Guideline on Toll Road Commercialization
Ministry of Public Works
5
TOLL ROAD PPP SCHEME – PROJECT VIABILITY APPROACH
PPP SCHEME
PROJECT VIABILITY
1
ECONOMIC (+) FINANCIAL (-)
2
ECONOMIC (+) FINANCIAL (Marginal)
3
ECONOMIC (+) FINANCIAL (+)
E G
E E
G E E
Operation and Maintenance Funding, DED and/or Construction
REFERENCE
EXAMPLE
GR No. 15/2005 Art 19,20,22
Tanjung Priok Access, Suramadu Bridge
GR No. 15/2005 Art 19,20
Solo-Kertosono
GR No. 15/2005 Art 19,21
Other pure BOT projects
G E
Government Enterprise
6
Toll Road Management Reforms
Reforms
1
Establishment of Indonesian Toll Road Authority
2
Toll road investment open to both SOE and private enterprises
3
Initial tariff is set based on investment return calculation
4
Tariff adjustment is evaluated for every 2 years, based on price consumer index
5
Land acquisition is the government responsibility
Toll Road Management Reform started in 2004 Reform is mandated by new Road Law No. 38/2004
Ministry of Public Works
7
Land Acquisition Reforms
Land Freezing
No land transaction is allowed after toll road corridor been decided by the government
Land Price
Land price is determined by independent appraisal instead of using tax value of the land
Land Title Revocation
Land title revocation is allowed in the case of no agreement reached on land price among the parties
Land Capping
Land Fund
Ministry of Public Works
Government will bear the land cost above proposed land cost agreed in concession agreement
Revolving fund is provided to ease investor risk in case of delay in land acquisition
8
Government Supports 1. Non-Financially Viable Project • Bid awarded to bidders with the lowest proposed government support, e.g. Solo-Kertosono • O&M contract or Leasing contract (DBO or DBL) for toll road which are financed and developed by Government, e.g. Suramadu bridge and Tanjung Priok Access 2. Land Capping Government bears the cost of land beyond 110 % of land cost proposed by investor 3. Land Acquisition Revolving Fund Government prepaid land acquisition cost, investor repay government after land acquisition of a section of the road is completed Ministry of Public Works
9
ALTERNATIVE TOLL ROAD INVESTMENT SCHEME (Design, Build, and Leasing & Design, Build, and Operate) Design & Construction
Operation & Maintenance
Ministry of Finance/ Ministry of Public Works (Public Sector) Asset Leasing
Ministry of Finance/ Ministry of Public Works (Public Sector) Payment
Loan
Soft Lender (Multi & Bilateral Funding Agencies)
Soft Lender (Multi & Bilateral Funding Agencies)
Leasing Fee
Private Company As Road Operator (Private Sector)
Users
(b1) During Operation in DBL
Goods & Services (Design-Build)
Private Company As Design-Build Contractor (Private Sector)
Repay
Repay
Ministry of Finance/ Ministry of Public Works (Public Sector) Payment
O&M Services
(a) During Design & Construction in DBL and DBO Private Company As O&M Contractor (Private Sector)
Soft Lender (Multi & Bilateral Funding Agencies) Tolls Users
Services
(b2) During Operation in DBO Ministry of Public Works
10
Toll Road Development Status
No
Stage
# of Segment
Length (Km)
Estimated investment Cost (Rp Trillion)
Estimated investment Cost (US$ Billion)
1
Operation
16
649.00
-
2
Under Construction
6
110.50
11
1.16
3
Concession Agreement Signed
19
721.87
63
6.63
4
Under Bidding Process
6
239.06
17
1.79
5
Ready for Bidding
18
769.30
54
5.68
Ministry of Public Works
11
Planned Toll Roads in Java
Serang
DKI Jakarta Cikampek
Banten
Palimanan Pejagan Kanci
Ciranjang Sukabumi
Semarang
Pemalang
Demak Bandung
Batang Ngawi
Jawa Barat
Jawa Tengah
Mojokerto
Surabaya
Solo Pasuruan Kertosono Yogyakarta DIY
Probolinggo Jawa Timur Banyuwangi
Operation
Concession Agreement (Contract)
Financial Closed/Construction
Negotiation/Tender
Ministry of Public Works
Tender Preparation
12
Planned Toll Roads in Sumatra - Medan-Binjai - Belmera - MedanKualanmuTebing Tinggi
Pekanbaru-Kandis-Dumai
PalembangIndralaya
BakauheniTerbanggi Besar (TeginenengBabatan)
In Operation Tender Preparation
13
Planned Toll Roads in Bali
Serangan-Tanjung Benoa Tender Preparation
14
Planned Toll Roads in Sulawesi
Menado-Bitung
In Operation
- Ujung Pandang I&II
Construction
- Makassar Seksi IV
Tender Preparation
<
15
TOLL ROAD OPERATED BEFORE 2005 LEN GT H ( Km) No.
T OLL R OA D LIN K
M A IN R OA D
A
A C C E SS R OA D
IN VE ST OR / C OC E SS ION A IR E
OP EN IN G Y EA R
P T J A S A M A R GA
1
Jakarta-B o go r-Ciawi
50.00
9.00
P T. Jasa M arga
1978
2
Jakarta - Tangerang
27.00
6.00
P T. Jasa M arga
1983 - 1998
3
Surabaya - Gempo l
43.00
6.00
P T. Jasa M arga
1984
4
Jakarta - Cikampek
72.00
11.00
P T. Jasa M arga
1985
5
Padalarang - Cileunyi
35.63
28.77
P T. Jasa M arga
1986
6
Pro f. DR So edyatmo
14.30
P T. Jasa M arga
1986
7
Lingkar Dalam Ko ta Jakarta
23.55
8
Belmera
33.70
9
Semarang Seksi A , B, C
24.75
10
Ulujami-P o ndo k A ren
11
Cirebo n-Palimanan
12
JORR W2 Selatan (Po ndo k P inang - Veteran) JORR E1Selatan (Taman M ini - Hankam Raya)
P T. Jasa M arga
1988
P T. Jasa M arga
1989&1996
P T. Jasa M arga
2003
5.55
P T. Jasa M arga
2003
26.30
P T. Jasa M arga
1990
P T. Jasa M arga
1991
9.00
16.77
P T. Jasa M arga
1998
P T. Jasa M arga
2001- 2003
P T. Jasa M arga
2003 - 2004
73.00
PT. M arga M anggalasakti
1983 - 1996
15.50
P T. Citra M arga Nusaphala Persada
1990
20.70
PT. M argabumi M atraraya
1993 - 1996
JORR E2 (Cikunir - Cakung) 13
Cikampek – Padalarang I
17.50 T o tal
3 9 0 .0 5
S ub T o t a l A
4 5 9 .8 2
B
6 9 .7 7
P R IV A T E C ON C ES SION A IR E
1
Tangerang - M erak
2
Ir. Wiyo to Wiyo no , M Sc.
3
Surabaya - Gresik
4
JORR Selatan (Po ndo k P inang - Taman M ini)
14.25
P T. Jalan To l Lingkar Luar Jakarta
1995 - 1996
5
Harbo ur Ro ad
11.55
P T. Citra M arga Nusaphala Persada
1995 - 1996
6
Ujung Pandang Tahap I
6.05
Bo sawa marga Nusantara
1998
7
Serpo ng - P o ndo k Aren
7.25
P T. Bintaro Serpo ng Damai
1999
T o tal S ub T o t a l B T o tal
14 8 .3 0 14 8 .3 0 6 0 8 .12
17 16
TOLL ROAD OPERATED SINCE 2005 TOLL ROAD LINGK
LENGTH (KM)
INVESTMENT COST * (Rp. Milyar)
INVESTOR
STATUS
1
CIKAMPEK - PADALARANG II
41.00
2,300.00
PT. Jasa Marga
Operation
2
JORR E1-3, W2-S, E3, E1-4
14.65
914.67
PT. Jasa Marga
Operation
TOTAL
55.65
3,214.67
*) Including Land Acquisition Cost
17
TOLL ROAD UNDER CONSTRUCTION No.
TOLL ROAD LINK
1
WARU - JUANDA
2
JEMBATAN SURAMADU
3
SURABAYA - MOJOKERTO
LENGTH (KM)
LAND ACQUSITION COST (Bio Rp.)
INVESTMENT COST * (Bio Rp.)
INVESTOR
STATUS
12.80
300.00
1,288.00
PT. Citra Margatama Sby
Construction, Opening Plan December 07
5.40
300.00
3,268.00
dibangun Pemerintah
Construction, Finish year end of 2008
37.00
400.00
2,231.82 PT. Marga Nujyasumo Agung Signed 06 Apr 06, FC
Construction, PPJT 24/01/07
4
JORR Seksi W1
9.70
Construction, PPJT 1,628.00 PT. Jakarta Lingkar Baratsatu Signed 02 Feb 07, FC 01/08/07
-
5
MAKASSAR SEKSI IV
11.60
10.00
6
KANCI - PEJAGAN
34.00
122.00
TOTAL
110.50
1,132.00
517.12 PT. Jalan Tol Seksi Empat
2,094.95
PT. Semesta Marga Raya
Construction, PPJT Signed 29 Mei 06, FC 25/04/07, Opening Plan May 08 Construction, PPJT Signed 29 May 06, FC 09/03/07
11,027.89
*) Including Land Acquisition Cost 18
TOLL ROAD HAS SIGNED CONCESSION AGGREEMENT NO
A.
TOLL ROAD LINK
LENGTH( Km)
LAND ACQUISITIO N COST (Bio Rp.)
INVESTMEN T COST * (Bio Rp.)
INVESTOR
STATUS
FINANCING AVAILABLE
1
SEMARANG - SOLO
75.70
800.00
6,135.00
PT. Jasa Marga
TT PPJT 15 Des 06, F.C 7 Maret 07, (DED, Pemb. Lahan on going)
2
GEMPOL - PASURUAN
32.00
220.00
1,800.00
PT. Jasa Marga
TT PPJT 29 Mei 06, F.C 7 Maret 07, (DED selesai, Pemb. Lahan on going)
3
BOGOR RING ROAD
80.00
1,577.00
PT. Jasa Marga
TT PPJT 29 Mei 06, F.C 7 Maret 07. (DED selesai, Pemb. Lahan on going)
4
CINERE - JAGORAWI
14.70
845.33
1,867.05
PT. Trans Lingkar Kita Jaya
TT PPJT 29 Mei 06, F.C 10 April 07, (DED, Pemb. Lahan on going)
5
DEPOK - ANTASARI
21.70
699.18
2,515.92
PT. Citra Waspphutowa
TT PPJT 29 Mei 06, F.C 2 Mei 07, (DED, Pemb. Lahan on going)
6
KERTOSONO - MOJOKERTO
41.00
191.31
2,211.72
PT. Marga Hanurata Intrinsic
TT PPJT 30 Juni 06, F.C 26 Juni 07, (DED, Pemb. Lahan on going)
7
CIKAMPEK - PALIMANAN
116.00
500.00
5,906.27
PT.Lintas Marga Sedaya
TT PPJT 21 Juli 06, F.C 18 Juli 07, (DED, Pemb. Lahan on going)
8
PEJAGAN - PEMALANG
57.50
189.03
3,235.81
PT. Pejagan Pemalang Tol Road
TT PPJT 21 Juli 06, F.C 20 Juli 07, (DED, Pemb. Lahan on going)
9
PEMALANG - BATANG
39.00
134.31
2,292.90
PT. Pemalang Batang Tol Road
TT PPJT 21 Juli 06, F.C 20 Juli 07, (DED, Pemb. Lahan on going)
10
SEMARANG - BATANG
75.00
225.00
3,634.64
PT. Marga Setiapuritama
TT PPJT 21 Juli 06, F.C 20 Juli 07, (DED, Pemb. Lahan on going)
11
JORR W2 UTARA
7.00
800.00
1,411.00
PT. Jasa Marga
TT PPJT 7 Juli 06, Persiapan Pembebasan Lahan
12
AKSES TANJUNG PRIOK
12.10
290.00
3,400.00
-
DED, Pembebasan Lahan (Dana dari Pemerintah)
502.70
4,974.16
35,987.31
PT. Margabumi Adhikaraya
TT PPJT 19 Des 06, (Pemb. Lahan on going)
SUB TOTAL
11.00
B
FINANCING UNAVAILABLE
1
GEMPOL - PANDAAN
13.61
166.00
826.00
2
CIKARANG - TANJUNG PRIOK
33.92
225.00
2,358.00
MTD-Nusa Cipta
TT PPJT 29 Jan 07, (DED, Pemb Lahan on going)
3
BEKASI-CAWANG-KP.MELAYU
21.04
449.00
6,185.00
PT.Kresna Kusuma Dyandra Marga
TT PPJT 22 Feb 07, (DED selesai, Pemb Lahan on going)
4
PASURUAN-PROBOLINGGO
45.00
149.96
3,314.60
PT Trans-Jawa Paspro Jalan Tol
TT PPJT 25 Juni 07, Persiapan DED
6,491.33
PT. Margaraya Jawa Tol
TT PPJT 19 Juli 07, Persiapan DED TT PPJT 27 Juli 07, Persiapan DED TT PPJT 27 Juli 07, Persiapan DED
5
WARU(ALOHA) - WONOKROMO- TG. PERAK
18.60
1,295.00
6
CIRANJANG - PADALARANG
33.00
390.00
3,247.50
Bina Puri Nindyacipta Karyatama
7
CIAWI - SUKABUMI
54.00
725.60
4,923.70
PT. Trans Jabar Tol
SUB TOTAL
219.17
3,400.56
27,346.13
TOTAL
721.87
8,374.72
63,333.44
*) Including Land Acquisition Cost 19
TENDER BATCH II No.
1
TOLL ROAD LINK
CENGKARENG - BATU CEPER KUNCIRAN
LENGTH (KM)
15.22
LAND ACQUISITION COST (Bio Rp.)
1,108.60
INVESTMENT COST* (Bio Rp)
STATUS
REMARK
2,363.00
Konsorsium Cahaya Mata Serawak -Jasa Marga-Wijaya KaryaNindya Karya-Istaka Karya Konsorsium AstratelLeighton-Jasa MargaTrans Utama
Penetapan Pemenang Lelang
2
KUNCIRAN - SERPONG
11.19
899.00
1,847.00
3
SERPONG - CINERE
10.14
647.70
1,590.00
PT Thiess-Waskita
4
CIMANGGIS - CIBITUNG
25.39
933.10
3,359.00
Konsorsium Plus-BakrieGlobal
61.94
3,588.40
9,159.00
TOTAL
*) Including Land Acquisition Cost
20
TENDER BATCH III
No.
1 2
TOLL RAOD LINK
SOLO - NGAWI NGAWI - KERTOSONO TOTAL
LENGTH (KM)
90.10
LAND ACQUISITION COST (Bio Rp.)
823.60
INVESTMENT COST* (Bio Rp.)
STATUS
4,464.94 Evaluation Process
87.02
565.10
3,631.67
177.12
1,388.70
8,096.61
and Negotiation Tender Batch III
REMARK
PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia
*) Including Land Acquisition Cost
21
Toll Road Under Prequalification
No
Project
Length (Km)
Est’d FIRR (%)
Estimated Investment Value (Rp Trillion)
Estimated Investment Value (US$ Billion)
Indicated PPP Scheme
1
PASIR KOJA – SOREANG
15.00
14.88
0.8
0.08
BOT + Govt Support
2
CILEUNYI – SUMEDANG – DAWUAN
58.50
15.84
4.3
0.45
BOT + Govt Support
3
SERANGAN – TANJUNG BENOA
7.50
8.63
1.2
0.13
BOT + Govt Support
4
TEGINENENG – BABATAN
50.00
12.84
2.8
0.29
BOT + Govt Support
5
SUKABUMI – CIRANJANG
28.00
14.23
1.5
0.16
BOT + Govt Support
6
MEDAN-KUALANAMU-TEBING TINGGI
60.00
9.75
4. 5
0.47
BOT + Govt Support
7
MEDAN – BINJAI
15.80
11.73
1.0
0.11
BOT + Govt Support
8
PEKANBARU – KANDIS - DUMAI
135.00
11.34
6.0
0.64
BOT + Govt Support
9
PALEMBANG – INDRALAYA
22.00
16.70
0.8
0.08
BOT
10
MANADO – BITUNG
53.80
6.85
4.6
0.48
BOT + Govt Support
11
PANDAAN – MALANG
37.00
17.16
2.9
0.31
BOT
TOTAL
482.60
30.3
3.21
Ministry of Public Works
22
NEXT TENDER No.
TOLL ROAD LINK
LENGTH (KM)
INVESTMENT COST* (Bio Rp.)
STATUS
1
SEMARANG - DEMAK
25.00
2960.00
Document Preparation
2
JOGJA - SOLO
40.50
2330.00
AMDAL Study
3
BANDARA JUANDA - TJ. PERAK
23.00
5030.00
4
PROBOLINGGO - BANYUWANGI
170.40
8000.00
5
CILEGON - BOJONEGARA
15.70
920.00
TOTAL
274.60
Document Preparation
19,240.00
*) Including Land Acquisition Cost
23
PROPOSED 6 INTRA URBAN TOLL ROAD IN DKI JAKARTA
AKSES TANJUNG PRIOK
AIRPORT
PLUIT RAWA BUAYA
KEMAYORAN
SUNTER
TOMANG TANGERANG
To MERAK
PULO GEBANG
KP. MELAYU
To BEKASI
ULUJAMI CAWANG
To BEKASI/CIKAMPEK
PS. MINGGU SERPONG
TM. MINI
REMARK:
REMARK: = OPERATED = UNDER CONSTRUCTION/PLAN = PROPOSED 6 TOLL ROAD
STAGE-I = = STAGE-II = = STAGE-III = STAGE-IV = = To BOGOR
Bekasi - Kp Melayu Kemayoran - Kp. Melayu Rawa Buaya – Sunter Kp Melayu - Tomang - Duri Pulo Sunter - Pulo Gebang Ulujami - Tanah Abang Pasar Minggu - Casablanca
PROPOSED 6 INTRA URBAN TOLL ROAD IN DKI JAKARTA
No.
TOLL ROAD LINK
LENGTH (Km)
ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST * (Bio Rp)
ESTIMATED DIRECT COST** (Bio Rp)
EIRR (%)
1.
Rawa Buaya - Sunter
18,95
4.314
5.271
32,47
2.
Sunter – Pulo Gebang
14,73
3.108
4.118
24,75
3.
Duri Pulo – Kampung Melayu
11,38
2.508
3.631
23,90
4.
Ulujami – Tanah Abang
8,27
2.011
2.544
34,50
5.
Kemayoran – Kampung Melayu
9,64
2.450
4.168
30,63
6.
Pasar Minggu - Casablanca
9,56
2.368
3.438
21,68
Total
72,53
16.760
23.170
*) 3 lanes each direction, elevated **) Including Construction Cost, Land Acquisition, DED, and Engineering Services 27
PROPOSED 6 TOLL ROADS AND CENTRAL BUSINESESS Muara Baru Kapuk
Pantai Mutiara
AIRPORT
PLUIT RAWA BUAYA
Mangga Dua
Cengkareng
KEMAYORAN
SUNTER
Kemayoran TOMANG TANGERANG
Kelapa Gading
Monas
Puri Kembangan
Tanah Abang Palmerah
Pulo Gadung
Manggarai
To MERAK
Segi Tiga Emas
KP. MELAYU
Blok M
Pulo Gebang
Halim Perdanakusuma
ULUJAMI
PULO GEBANG
KE BEKASI
CAWANG To BEKASI/CIKAMPEK
PS. MINGGU
Cilandak SERPONG
Lenteng Agung
TM. MINI
REMARKS: = = = = =
OPERATED UNDER CONSTRUCTION/PLAN PROPOSED 6 TOLL ROAD MONORAIL CENTRAL BUSINESESS
To BOGOR
LOCATION OF PROPOSED 6 INTRA URBAN TOLL ROAD IN DKI JAKARTA LOCATION 0F THE 6 TOLL ROAD NO
TOLL ROAD LINK
TOTAL
ON THE EXISTING ROAD
ON THE RIVER AND WEST FLOOD BASIN
ON THE RAILWAY
1
Rawa Buaya - Sunter
15.5 KM
-
3.4 KM
18.9 KM
2
Sunter - Pulo Gebang
14.7 KM
-
-
14.7 KM
3
Kemayoran - Kp Melayu
7.3 KM
2.3 KM
-
9.6 KM
4
Duri Pulo - Kp Melayu
3.6 KM
7.8 KM
-
11.4 KM
5
Ulujami – Tanah Abang
1.8 KM
-
6.5 KM
8.3 KM
6
Ps Minggu – Casablanca
9.6 KM
-
-
9.6 KM
52.5 KM
10.1 KM
9.9 KM
72.5 KM
(72,4%)
(13,9%)
(13,7%)
(100%)
TOTAL
29
LOCATION OF PROPOSED 6 INTRA URBAN TOLL ROAD IN DKI JAKARTA
KEMAYORAN
SEMANAN
DURI PULO
SUNTER
GAJAH MADA 2.3 km
3.4 km TOMANG 7.8 km
MATRAMAN
Tn ABANG
3.8 km
DUKUH ATAS
PULO GEBANG
KAMPUNG MELAYU
CASABLANCA
2.7 km KALI MALANG ULUJAMI
REMARKS: = = = =
ON THE ARTERIAL ROAD ON THE SENTIONG RIVER ON THE RAILWAY (PT KAI’S LAND) ON THE WEST FLOOD BASIN
PASAR MINGGU
CONCLUDING REMARKS
1. Toll road investment is an attractive sector which will boost economic
growth,
generate
fund
to
develop
further
infrastructure and increase economic development
Fund, professionalism, and efficiency from private sector
2. Gov. policy to expand national road network capacity 3. Strong commitment to create conducive investment climate 4. Private sector participation is conducted through a clear and transparent tender process with support for non/less financially viable projects
Ministry of Public Works
31
