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18 Hartup, W.W. (1983). Peer relations. In: P. Mussen & E.M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of Child psychology (4th ed.), vol. 4. New York: Wiley. 19 Maccoby, E.E. & Jacklin, C.N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 20 Ross, H. e.a. (1990). Maternal intervention in toddler peer conflict: The socialization of principles of justice. Developmental Psychology, 26, 6, 994-1003. 21 Dunn, J. (1999). Mindreading and social relationships. In: M. Bennett (Ed.), Developmental psychology. Achievements and prospects. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press. 22 Martin, G.B. & Clark, R.D. (1982). Distress crying in neonates: Species and peer specificity. Developmental Psychology, 18, 3-9. 23 Saarni, C. e.a. (1998). Emotional development: Action, communication and understanding. In: N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology. Social, emotional, and personality development, vol. 3. New York: Wiley. 24 Zahn-Waxler, C. e.a. (1979). Child rearing and children’s prosocial initiations towards victims of distress. Child Development, 50, 319-330. 25 Hoffmann, M.L. (1984). Empathy, its limitations and its role in a comprehensive moral theory. In: W.M. Kurtines & J.L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Morality, moral behavior and moral development. New York: Wiley. 26 Zie 23. 27 Warneken, F. & Tomassello, M. (2006). Altruïstic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees. Science, 311, 1301-1303. 28 Bar-Tal, D. e.a. (1985). Relationships between the development of helping behavior and the development of cognition, social perspective and moral judgement. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 11, 23-40. 29 Zie 20. 30 Sharabany, R. & Hertz-Lazarowitz, R. (1981). Do friends share and communicate more than non-friends? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 4, 45-59. 31 Staub, E. (1992). The origins of caring, helping and non-aggression: Parental socialization, the family system, schools, and cultural influence. In: P.M. Oliner e.a. (Eds.), Embracing the other: Philosophical, psycholigical and historical perspectives on altruism. New York: New York University Press. 32 Rosenhan, D. & White, G.M. (1967). Observation and rehearsal as determinants of prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 424-431. 33 Olson, K. & Spelke, E. (2008). Foundations of cooperation in young children. Cognition Online, januari.
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aandacht 91, 92 aandachtstekort 244 aangeboren handicap 39 aangeboren rijpingsdrang 22 aangeboren taalbegrip 138 aanhankelijkheid 171 aanleg 198, 199, 204, 205, 209, 210, 212, 215, 244, 249 − en omgeving 334 aanraking door de tepel 67 aanstaande vader 48 aanvoelen 119 aap 102 ABCD-onderzoek 46 ABCD-studie 45 accommodatie 62, 63, 64, 109, 110, 114, 293, 305, 308, 316 actief herinneren 93 actieprogramma's 303 actieve wisselwerking 24 activiteit 208 Adams rib 351 adaptatie 109 ADHD 45, 244 Adler 203, 324, 325, 328 adoptie 188, 189 adoptiegezinnen 335 adoptiekinderen 189, 205 adrenaline 261 affectieve afstemming 184, 188 affectieve responsiviteit 364 afgunst 244 afhankelijkheid 171, 326 afremming van groei 47 afstraffing 97 afweermechanismen 201 afwijzende ouders 236 agressie 210, 224, 301, 306, 328, 331, 348, 367, 371, 373 agressief 301 agressief gedrag 355 agressiegevoelig 246 agressiepatronen 251 agressieprikkelbaarheid 243 agressieve neigingen 270
agressieve vechtfantasieën 257 agressiviteit 368 alcohol 47 al dan niet hebben van een piemel 281 alleenstaand moederschap 48 allochtone ouders 209 Allport 168, 197 als het ware 160 altruïsme 231, 370, 371, 372, 374 altruïstisch meeleven 370 amputatie 157 amygdala 242, 267 amygdale gebied 261 anaal karakter 200 anaal prettige gevoel 346 anale fase 199 andermans gevoelens 119 androgene hormonen 298 androgenen 298, 306, 347 angst 36, 202, 203, 211, 223, 261, 306, 328, 333, 349 − voor eigen seksuele wensen 224 − voor straf 224 − voor vreemden 263 − voor vreemd en nieuw 210 angstdromen 47 angstige kinderen 211 angstreductie 268 animisme 117 Anna Freud 201 anticiperen 55 anticonceptiepil 49 antisociaal gedrag 241, 249 apen 44, 79, 115, 144, 295 apgarscore 82, 83 A-relaties 180 arginine vasopressine (AVP) 184 aristoteles 245 Armoede 250 arousal 230 − inducing 302 − reducing 302 assertief gedrag 355 assimilatie 109, 114, 293, 305, 315 attachment in the making 176
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attent maken 115, 117 auditieve prikkels 58 autobiografisch geheugen 159 auto-erotiek 202 autonomie 163, 164, 209 autonoom zenuwstelsel 246, 261, 267, 348 autoritaire gezinsverhoudingen 210 autoriteit 324 AVP-hormonen 189 awareness 155 baarmoeder 19, 35, 38, 45, 59, 65, 73 babybrein 188 baby centered 43 baby Einstein 142 babyverzorging 48 Bandura 100, 101, 246, 250 basic trust 202 basiskrabbels 311, 312, 313, 318 basisveiligheid 202, 328 basiswerkelijkheid 138 Bates 207, 210 Bayley Ontwikkeling Schaal 82 Bayleyschaal 82 Bayleytest 123 bazige moeders 226 bazige ouders 250 bedoelingen 56, 57 bedplassen 271, 282 bedreiging lichamelijke toestand 262 bedriegen 235 bedtime monologues 147 beendergestel 38 begripsvorming 111, 131, 132 behaviorisme 98, 212 behavioristen 22, 23, 137, 292 behavioristische leerprincipes 222 beheersen 243 beheersing 230, 237, 246 behoefte aan opwinding en spanning 237 behoeftebevrediging 222 behoud − van aantal 112
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− van gewicht 112 − van volume 112 beloning 97, 98, 99, 101, 222, 224, 227, 236, 292 beloning-en-straf-systeem 223 beschermend gezinsklimaat 210 beschermingsinstinct 19 beschermingsstrategieën 272 besef van tekortschieten 233 bestendigheidsrelatie 135 bevestigingszinnetjes 135 bewegingspatronen 73, 311 bewegingspatroon 73, 82, 311 bewegingsrepertoire 74 bewegingsspel 311, 312 bewegingsspelletjes 296, 298, 299, 362 bewust voor kinderen kiezen 323 bezitsdrang 373 Big Five 213, 214 bijgeloof 281 bijziend 62, 121 binnenlandse adoptiekinderen 190 biologische geaardheid 357 biologisch primaire vermogens 30 biologisch secundaire vermogens 30 blikrichting 58, 59, 115 bloeddruk 261 blozen 232, 262 Bodo 246 boemannen 224 bonding 172 Bouchard 335 bouw van de hersenen 348 Bowlby 27, 28, 171, 172, 176, 177, 185, 186 Bowlby-Ainsworth attachment-theorie 192 brabbelen 58, 129, 132 brabbelwoorden 147 broers en zussen 339 broertje of zusje 331, 338 broertjes 182 broertjes en zusjes 184, 205, 254, 305, 323, 325, 327, 329, 334, 336, 337,
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338, 339 buigspanning 76 buigspieren 76 buikpijn 271 buitenshuis werk moeder 45, 46 buitensluiten 257 Carol Gilligan 351 castratieangst 202, 266 catharsis 245 Chess 206, 207, 210 chimpansee 115, 144, 295, 371 cholericus 198 Chomsky 138, 139 circulaire reactie 109 Clark 316 cognitief egocentrisme 113 cognitief proces 317 cognitieve ontwikkelingspsychologie 356 cognitieve structuur 109 comfortgeluidjes 129 communicatie 116, 317 competent 165 competentie 165, 203 competitie 308, 367, 368 − om liefde en aandacht van de ouders 332 competition breeds aggression 245 componentenkant 123 computerspelletjes 253, 302, 303 concentratie 91 concrete logische operaties 113 conditionering 174, 175 conditioneringen 108 confluence model 340 conformistisch 328 conformity to external authority 209 conservatieproeven 112 constructies 25 constructiespel 300 constructivistische theorieën 25 contextgevoeligheid 57 contextuele kant 123 continuïteit 28, 29, 252
contrast 62 conventioneel stadium 228 conversatiegerichtheid 141 coöperatie 368 coördinatie tussen zintuigen 58 coping 267 copinggedrag 267 copingstrategieën 268 couveuse 39, 173, 336, 337 couveusebaby 39, 40, 41, 68 couveusezorg 40 creatief 278 creatief, illusiescheppend vermogen 278 creatieve intelligentie 283 creatieve verbeelding 285 creativiteit 118, 302 crèche 187, 188, 251 crèchekinderen 187 C-relaties 180, 181 Creools-Surinaams 48 criminaliteit 253 cro-Magnon mens 347 culturele verschillen 146 culturen 48, 76 cultuur 24, 30, 227, 228, 294, 317, 355, 356, 361, 363 cultuursimulatie 304, 307 cultuursimulatiespel 294 cultuursimulatietheorie 294, 299, 301 C (van Contact) 179 dagdromen 282, 285, 287 delen 362, 372, 373, 374 delinquent 241, 253 delinquent gedrag 236 democratisch opvoedingsklimaat 210 denken 143 denkend-ontdekkend spel 300 denken-met-behulp-van-taal 120 denkontwikkeling 46 denkschema's 279, 315 denkstructuren 109 denkvermogen 103 denkwijze 108, 109, 110, 114
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Denver Ontwikkeling Screening Test 83 Denver Ontwikkelings Schalen 135 depressie 46, 168, 271 depressiviteit 237 diabetes 40 dieptestructuur 138 diepte zien 63 dieren 372 dierenwereld 41 discriminatie 175 discrimineren 96 DNA-onderzoek 23 doelbewust bewegen 73 doen alsof 287 doktertje spelen 346 dollen 298 donorinseminatie 50 doodgaan 266 doorbraak naar symboliek 305 doorknippen van de navelstreng 155 doorzettingsvermogen 329 dopamine 174, 184 Dorret Boomsma 335 dove baby's 129 dove kinderen 144 downsyndroom 50 draaiboek 89 DRD4-7R-gen 23 driebergenexperiment 112, 369 drugs 47 druk 68 D-type 180 duimen 38 duimzuigen 186 D (van Desoriëntatie) 179 dynamische tests 122 dysmatuur 39 eas 208 'echt' scheelzien 63 echtscheiding 191, 192 ecologische condities 249 eeneiige tweeling 334 eenkennigheid 176 eenoudergezin 337, 353
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eenzaamheid 327 eerste lachje 362 eerste tekening 362 eerste woord 362 eerste zwangerschapsmaanden 45 eerzucht 329 effectance motivation 365 ego 223, 262 egocentrische neigingen 230 egocentrisch wereldbeeld 227 egocentrisme 316 eigendom 372, 373 eigendomsgevoel 373 eigendomsrecht 373 eigen geslachtsdeeltje 346 eigenliefde 224 eigennaam 335 eigen positie in de ruimte 299 eigenschappen 96 eigen uiterlijk 167 eigenwaarde 224, 247, 333, 350 emotional contagion 369 emotionaliteit 208 emotional mastery 306 emotioneel labiel 267 emotionele besmettelijkheid 369 emotionele intelligentie 124 emotionele rek- en strekoefeningen 188 emotionele steun 48 empathie 229, 368 empathisch 247 endocrinologie 347, 357 enig kinderen 283 EQ 124 erfelijke aanleg 205 erfelijkheid 22, 24 erfmassa 73, 263 Erikson 26, 27, 29, 202, 203 erotiek 356 ervaring 22 ervaringskant 123 Es 199, 200, 201, 202, 223, 236, 270 ethologie 173 evenwicht 77 evocatieve wisselwerking 24
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evolutie 35, 43, 63, 73, 114, 144, 156, 261, 292, 294, 374 evolutiepsychologie 30 evolutietheorie 20, 338 evolutionaire wortels 371 evolutionair principe 171 externaliserend gedrag 210 externaliserend gedragspatroon 210 extraversie 243 extravert 214 extraverte problemen 214 extravert kind 214, 243 extrinsieke beloning 97, 212 extrinsieke (de)motivatie 97, 98 faalangst 167 fallisch karakter 200 familieleden 374 fantaseren 118 fantasie 201, 267, 301, 302, 303 fantasiekameraadjes 362 fantasiespel 303 fantasieverhalen 287 fantasievriendje 282, 327 fantasiewereld 286 fasemodel 26 fasetheorieën 26 fijne motoriek 78, 79 film 101 financiële zorgen 250 fixatie 201 flegmaticus 198 flesvoeding 36 flexibele samenleving 296 foetus 45, 47, 65 fonologische ontwikkeling 129 Fraiberg 162 Freud 21, 23, 26, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 223, 262, 263, 270, 272, 293, 345 Fromm 203 frustratie 201, 244, 245, 246, 251 frustratietolerantie 329 fulltime baan moeder 45 fulltime buitenshuis werken 188
fulltime opvang 188 functie van knuffels 161 Gardner 124 geadopteerde eeneiige tweelingen 205 gebaren 116, 117, 144, 145 gebarentaal 144, 145 gebied van Broca 139, 144 geboortetrauma 263 geboorte van een broertje of zusje 160, 192, 201 geboortevolgorde 323, 340, 341 geconditioneerde prikkel 94 geconditioneerde reactie 95 gedesoriënteerd gehechtheidsgedrag 193 gedragspatronen 35 gedragsproblemen 165, 166, 190, 211 gedragsregulatie 211 gedragsstijl 206, 207 geëmancipeerd gedrag 353 geëmotioneerde atmosfeer 245 gehandicapt 40 gehandicapte baby's 49 gehechtheid 21, 171, 174 gehechtheidsgeschiedenis 193 gehechtheidstheorie 193 geheimtaal 336 geheugen 55, 56, 61, 89, 90, 93, 100, 135, 166 geheugenbeeld 110 geheugeninhouden 89, 92 gehooronderscheid 362 gehoorzaamheid 209 geleerde hulpeloosheid 167, 168, 334 gele vlek 64 gemakkelijke kinderen 206 gemiddelde 30, 31 gemoedstoestand van de ander 119 gender-groep 352 gender-identiteit 345, 349, 351, 354 gender-ontwikkeling 345 gender-rol 345, 352, 353, 354, 363 Gender-rol 29 gender-schema's 356
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gender-scripts 357 genen 21, 24, 28, 29, 35, 43, 47, 89, 121, 144, 156, 204, 205, 207, 212, 223, 338, 339, 374, 375 genenpakket 23 generalisatie 96, 132, 175, 269 generaliseren 96 genetisch-neurologisch voorgeprogrammeerd 138 genitaal karakter 200 genitale fase 199 genitaliteit 203 georiënteerd op mensen 362 geringe novelty preference 62 Gesell 22, 79 geur van de borst 67 gevoel − van eigenwaarde 164, 200 − van geborgenheid 185 − voor rechtvaardigheid 228 gevoelige periode 26, 27, 173 gevoelig taalinstrument 307 geweldprogramma's 303 gewenning 60, 61 geweten 97, 200, 221, 233, 236, 237, 266, 270, 283, 372 gewetensontwikkeling 26 gewetensvorming 221, 363 gewoonten 228 gezichtsuitdrukkingen 57, 116, 174, 175, 370 gezinsgrootte 323, 339, 340, 341 gezinsklimaat 247 gezinsmengsel 340 gezinssamenstelling 323 gezinstaal 150 Gibson 63 Giffithschaal 82 gifstoffen 38 glimlach 174, 298 glimlachen 118 glucose 38 goed 361 goede bedoeling 235 goede moeder 161
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goed en kwaad 200 goedmaken 371 goed willen maken 232 Goleman 124 goochelaars 279, 280 goodness of fit 207, 210 Gordon 212 grammatica 142, 149 grammaticale regels 137 grapje 285, 286 Griekse mythologie 202 grijpen 79 grijpreflex 74, 76 groei 21 groepsgemiddelden 31 grofmotorische beweeglijkheid 38 grondvormen 312 grove motoriek 78 habituatie 60, 64, 66, 269 halsspieren 76 handelingsbegrippen 111 handelingsbesef 110 handelingspatroon 81 handelingsrecept 110, 111 handelingsschema 110, 111 handgrijpreflex 74 handvoorkeur 77 hanteren van voorwerpen 79 happy go lucky 331 Harlow 44, 172 Harry Potter 284 hartritme 268 hartslag 56, 57, 61, 63, 64, 65 Havighurst 29 hechten 35 hechting 350 − bij adoptie 189 hechtingsfiguur 164, 165, 182, 188, 189 hechtingskwaliteit 190 hechtingsprocessen 27 hechtingsrelatie 183, 184, 189, 192 hechtingstheorie 171, 192 helpen 362, 372 herhaalklanken 129
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herhalingszinnetjes 135 herinneren 92, 277 herinnering 93, 107 herkennen 93 herkenning 61 hersenhelften 77 herseninhoud 19 hersenontwikkeling 347 hersenreactie 69 hersenscan 69 hersenschors 73, 121, 157, 243, 262 hersenschorsproces 243, 246 hersenstam 73 hersenstructuur 121, 138 heteroseksueel gedrag 357 Hippocrates 198 hoge bloeddruk 47 hoge en strenge eisen van ouders 270 hoge novelty preference 61 homo erectus 347 homo sapiens 347 homoseksualiteit 357 homoseksueel 357 hormonale processen 35 hormoonhuishouding 199, 347, 348, 355 houterig bewegen 82 huidcontact 36, 172, 362 huid-op-huidcontact 68 huilbaby 42, 45, 46 huilen 19, 41, 42, 49, 65, 144, 263, 265 huisdieren 161 huisvesting 51 hulp-ik 160 hyperactiviteit 244 hypofyse 36, 242 hypothalamus 36, 242, 261, 348 Ich 200, 283 ideeën 107, 108 ideeënrijk-ideeënarm 214 identieke tweeling 182, 205, 334 identificatie 202, 223, 224, 226, 268, 271, 348, 351, 352, 353, 356, 357, 363, 364
identificatiefiguren 227 identificatiefiguur 353 identificatieproces in het gezin 357 identiteit 203, 327, 333, 336 ik-ben-ik 163 ik-gevoel 335, 363 ik-ideaal 200, 232, 233, 283 ik-territorium 373 imitatie 56, 57, 100, 250, 270, 296, 304, 356, 363, 371 imitatiemodel 249 imitatiespel 282 imiteren 57, 115, 285, 293 immigrantengezinnen 148 imprinting 172, 173 imprintingspatronen 172 impulsief 248 impulsiviteit 244 in aanleg sociaal 241 inbakeren 42 individuatie 161, 351 indringende ouderfiguren 237 in een ander verplaatsen, zich 43 informatieverwerking 55, 57, 58 informatieverwerkingsproces 55, 82, 89, 91, 96, 103, 237, 247 inhibitie 237, 243, 262, 268 inhibition 230 inlevende moeder 225 inlevingsvermogen 225 innerlijke organisatie van eigenschappen 197 innerlijk werkmodel 164, 165 inschatting 211 instinct 361 instinctief mechanisme 41 instinctief verzorgingsgedrag 44 instrumenteel leerproces 96 instrumenteel leren 95, 99 intellectueel aanvangspeil 340 intellectueel peil 339, 341 intellectueel realisme 315 intellectuele draagkracht 340 intellectuele nieuwsgierigheid 268 intellectuele soep 339
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intelligente kinderen 80 intelligentie 61, 90, 103, 120, 121, 123, 124, 190, 197, 252, 278, 283, 341 intelligentiequotiënt 122 intelligentietests 121, 122 intensive care 39 interactie 116 interactiemodel 23 interactieve signalen 116 interactioneel denken 117 interactionistisch standpunt 35 intergenerationele overdracht van gehechtheid 193 interiorisatie 110 intermittant reinforcement 99, 246 internalisatie 223 intimiteit 203 intonatie 133, 146, 147 intrinsieke beloning 97, 212 intrinsieke motivatie 97, 113 intrinsiek motiverend 103 introversie 243 introvert 214 introverte kinderen 214, 243 introverte probleemkinderen 214 introverte problemen 214 introvert kind 243 invloed van een werkende moeder op de baby 45 invoelende responsiviteit 225 inzicht 102, 103 IQ 50, 124 IVF-baby 50 Jacqueline Piaget 109, 158 Jakobson 147 jaloers − op broertje of zusje 338 jaloezie 330 Jane Goodall 295 jezelf zijn 203 Jip en Janneke 283 joint attention 116 jokken 234, 280 jongensachtige meisjes 354
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jongensachtigheid 352 jongensspeelgoed 306 Judith Harris 364 judo 245 Kagan 28, 183 kapot 221, 222, 233, 266 karakter 198 karakterologie 198 Karel van het Reve 140 kegeltjes 64 keizersnede 39, 48 kennis 107 kennisstructuren 90 kille ouders 236 kinddichtheid 323, 340, 341 kinderangsten 21, 177 kinderdagverblijf 297 kinderen − die langzaam op gang komen 206 − die nergens bang voor zijn 243 − met te weinig beheersing 208 − zonder vader 326 kinderfobieën 272 kinderkibbelarijen 338 kindermishandeling 42, 44, 249 kinderrij 365 kindertherapeuten 317 kind-kindrelatie 367 kindvriendelijke televisieprogramma's 303 kinesthetische fase 311 klankcategorieën 131 klankcombinatie 132, 134 klankcombinaties 132 klankgroep 132 klanknuances 131 klankverschillen 131 klasgenoten 250 klassieke conditionering 94, 95 kleurnamen 139 kleurverschillen 64 klimaat van verwaarlozing 210 klokvorm 30 kniereflex 73
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knuffel 67, 161, 185, 186, 222, 278, 282, 301, 345 knuffels 161, 185, 186 Kohlberg 26, 222, 228, 229, 236, 372 Köhler 102 kopvoeters 313 kortetermijngeheugen 90 kou 68 krabbel 311, 312, 313 krassen 311 kritieke periode 26, 27, 172, 173 kruipen 77 kruipreflex 74 kunstmatige intelligentie 118 kwaad 361 laag geboortegewicht 50 laagopgeleide ouders 209 laat moederschap 50 Lamb 182 langetermijngeheugen 90 Langeveld 361 Language Acquisition Device 138 langzame baby's 80 langzame habituatie 62 late fathers 50 latente agressie 250 latente fase 356 latent leren 99 latent opnemen 246 lateralisatie 77 Laurant Piaget 110 leeftijdsverschil 340, 341 leercapaciteit 94 leer- en gedragsproblemen 40 leerpotentieel 122 leerstrategieën 103 Leidse Diagnostische Test 123 lesbische moeders 50 letterlijk 'ongezeglijke' 237 levenslijn 159, 161 levensverhaaltje 159 lichaamsbouw 199 lichaamsevenwicht 77 lichaamshouding 157
lichaamsverhoudingen 79, 82 lichaamsvocht 198 lichamelijke agressie 256 lichamelijke toestand 156 lichamelijke zinnelijkheid 199 lichamelijk zelfgevoel 157 liefdesobject 202 liegen 235 lijfelijke agressie 257 limbisch systeem 242 linguïstiek 129 linkerhersenhelft 139 linkshandig 77 links-rechtsafwisseling 77 Locke 22 locus of control 165, 168 Lois Hoffmann 370, 371 Lorenz 26, 171, 172 losse toestanden 112 loyaliteit 337 lustbeleving 199, 200, 299 lustbevrediging 223 lustgevoelens 199 lustvolle soezerigheid 346 maatschappelijke factoren 51 machtsrelaties 367 magisch denken 20, 280 mannelijkheidsschaal 352 Margareth Mahler 160, 161 Maria Montessori 22, 23, 27, 279 Mary Ainsworth 177, 179, 180 massage 41 massageprogramma's 41 mastery 165 maturisme 22 maturisten 22, 23 maturistisch standpunt 21 meegaandheid 326, 367, 368 meeleven 362, 370 meervoud 136 meetfouten 31 meetrommelen 116 meisjesachtige jongens 354 meisjesachtigheid 352
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meisjes zonder vader 353 melancholicus 198 Meltzoff 56 menselijke stem 59 mensenkennis 362, 365, 366, 372 mentale afspiegelingen 111 mentale draaiboeken 357 metacognitief taalgebruik 120 metadenken 120 minderwaardigheid 203 minderwaardig voelen 325 mishandelde kinderen 236 model 269 modeling 100, 101, 224, 231, 250, 356, 363, 371 moeder 47, 48 moedereigenschappen 172 moederfiguur 175 moeders die fulltime werken 187 moeders stem 65 moedertaal 66, 134, 148, 149 moedertaalklanken 66 moeilijke kinderen 206, 207 moeilijk kind 207 monsters 224, 266, 267, 281 montessorimateriaal 23, 279 montessorionderwijs 279 moreel redeneren 26 morele angst 270, 271 morfologie 136 morfologische ontwikkeling 129, 137 mororeflex 74 motherese 146 motieven om te helpen 372 motivatie 113, 206 motorisch plan 81 myeline 25, 139 myelinisatie 139 nachtblindheid 265 nachtmerries 266 nakomertje 334 Nancy Chodorov 350 natuurlijk plan 21 natuurverschijnselen 263
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nee-periode 265 neerwaartse arousal 188 negatief zelfbeeld 168 negatieve reinforcement 25, 138 nergens bang voor 226 netwerken van neuronen 25 neurochemie 199 neurofysiologie 236 neurofysiologische agressiemechanisme 244 neurofysiologische ontwikkeling 22 neurofysiologische processen 47 neurologisch basispatroon 45 neurologische processen 35 neurologische rijping 77, 138, 157, 311 neurologische structuur 249 neurologische verbindingen 56, 157 neurologische zelfregulering 237 neurologisch netwerk 77 neurologisch regelmechanisme 208 neurologisch schema 61 neurologisch systeem 25, 26, 36, 45, 139 neuronen 25, 139 neurotische angst 270, 271 neusklankgemummel 132 nicotine 47 niet eerlijk 366 niet-sensitieve moeder 178, 181, 184 niet-werkende moeder 46 normaalverdeling 30, 31 normbesef 221 normen 222, 223, 224, 226, 230, 231, 234 normovertreding 221 novelty preference 60, 61, 64, 302 objectpermanentie 110, 118, 160, 300 observational learning 100 oedipaal probleem 349 oedipale gevoelens 223 oedipale situatie 350 oedipale wensen 236 oedipuscomplex 202 oerangsten 264
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oestrogeen 347 Olweus 249, 250, 251, 252, 253 om de beurt doen 37 om de beurt met iets spelen 373 omgevingsfactoren 23 omgevingstaal 130 omklemmingsreflex 74 ondergeneralisatie 133 ongeconditioneerde prikkel 94, 95 ongeconditioneerde reactie 94 onhandig bewegen 82 onomkeerbare verschijnselen 112 onpartijdigheid 366 onregelmatige werktijden 46 onthouden 89, 91 onthoudstrategieën 91 ontkenningszinnen 135 ontvankelijkheidsgen 23 ontwikkeling is verandering 20 ontwikkelingsstoornis 174 ontwikkelingstaak 29 onveilig: A (van Afstand) 179 onveilige C-relatie 180, 187 onveilige hechting 181, 183, 247 onveilige hechtingsrelatie 178, 182, 192 onveilige relaties 178 onveilig gehecht 165 onverschillige ouders 271 onvoorspelbaarheid 29 onwillekeurig zenuwstelsel 74 onzekerheid 328 oogcontact 35, 37, 38, 59, 172 oog-handcoördinatie 79, 300, 303, 304 oogreflex 74 oorlogsspeelgoed 245, 301 oosterse culturen 229 open samenleving 296 op je beurt moeten wachten 336 oplossingsprincipe 103 oppervlaktestructuur 138 opvoedingsonmacht 248 opvoedingsstijl 163, 209, 211, 212, 249, 255, 270, 271, 374 opwaartse arousal 188 oraal karakter 200
orale behoeften 186 orale fase 199 orale lust 345, 346 oriëntatiereflex 292 OT-hormonen 190 oudercursussen 212 ouders die alles maar goedvinden 270 oudste kinderen 283 overbeschermende ouders 271, 272 overbezorgde ouders 271 over-en-weer-spel 37 overgangsobjecten 185 overgeneralisatie 132, 133 overlap 30, 31 overlevingscontact 59 overlevingskans 143, 144 overlevingsreflex 74 overregulatie 137 overvloed aan energie 292 overwichtsverschillen 325 oxytocine (OT) 36, 39, 184 paradigma 20 parent quality time 330 partijdigheid 366 parttime baan moeder 45 passief herinneren 93 passieve wisselwerking 24 Pavlov 94 peergroup 101 penisnijd 202 perceived difficultness 207 persoonlijkheid 43, 46 persoonlijkheidseigenschap 198, 213 persoonlijkheidsprofiel 214 persoonlijkheidstrek 213 persoonlijkheidstype 198, 204 persoonskenmerk 213 perspectief zien 63 pesterige agressie 251 pestkop 250 peuterspeelzaal 251 Piaget , 23, 25, 26, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 117, 118, 120, 158, 227, 228, 229, 235, 279, 293, 294, 296,
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299, 304, 308, 311, 315, 316, 369 pijn 68, 261, 265, 268, 370 Pippi Langkous 284 plaats in de kinderrij 182, 186, 323 plaatsingsreflex 74 plasticiteit van het neurologisch systeem 173 Plato 245 plotseling doorbrekend inzicht 312 POPS-onderzoek 40 positie in het gezin 325 positieve reinforcement 25, 99, 138 postconventioneel stadium 228 postnatale depressie 49 preconventioneel stadium 228 prematuur 39 preoperationele fase 111 prikkel 55 prikkelbaarheid 230, 267 − van hun agressiemechanisme 243 primitief territoriumgedrag 162 private speech 148 probleemgedrag 332 probleemgezin 183 probleemkinderen 214 probleem oplossen 101, 317 proces 112, 117 procesanalyse 121, 122 procesgericht 121 productieve woordenschat 140 productiviteit 203 proeven 66 progesteron 347 projectie 201 prosociaal gedrag 362 prototype 130, 264 prototypische klanken 131 prototypische 'o' 130 prototypische stoel 131 psychische manipulatie 211 psychoanalytische opvatting 223 psychoanalytische speltheorie 293 puberjaren 203, 213, 370 puberteit 356, 357
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quality time 330 raden 118 RAKIT 123 reactieformatie 201 reactietijd 55 reactiviteit 208 reageren op provocatie 243 realistisch tekenen 317 realiteitsangst 269, 270 realiteitsbesef 266 rebellen 331 recapitulatietheorie 293 receptieve woordenschat 140 rechtvaardigheidsregels 373 redeneerregels 20 reductiehypothese 284, 285 reflex 68, 73, 74, 94, 109 reflexbewegingen 73, 75 reflexgedrag 95 regelmaat in de verzorging 42 regressie 26, 201, 328 reinforcement 96, 250 relatiepatronen tussen ouders en kinderen 325 relationele agressie 256 resistance to control 208 responsief reageren 181 responsieve moeder 225 responsiviteit 181, 225, 226 resultaatgericht 121 retentietijd 57 reukonderscheid 362 revolutionaire ideeën 331 rigide samenleving 296 rijping 21, 25, 55, 75, 79, 138, 139, 157, 171, 173, 175 rijpingsdrang 22 rijpingsfasen 26 rijpingsproces 25 risicofactoren 46 risicogen 23 risicozwangerschappen 337 ritme 66 ritmegevoel 66
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ritmische cyclus 109 rituelen 266 rivaliteit 337, 338 roddelen 257 roldoorbrekend gedrag 353 rollenspel 294, 296, 304, 307, 363 Rousseau 21, 22, 221 ruiken 67 ruiktest van poepluiers 43 ruimtelijk inzicht 304, 348 ruzie 247 samenhangen − in de werkelijkheid 113 − tussen aspecten van de werkelijkheid 107 − tussen verschijnselen 113 samenspel 296, 302 samenspelen 303 sandwichkind 332 sanguinicus 198 schaamte 165, 200, 232, 233, 262, 283 schaamtegevoel 98 scheel 63 scheelstaande oogjes 64 scheelzien 64 scheiding 161, 277 scheidingsangst 177, 264, 267 scheidingservaringen 335 scheidingssituaties 186 schematische fase 313 schème 110, 111 schermen 245 scherp contrast 59 schijnafgrond 63 schoolangst 272 schoolleeftijd 203, 210, 213 schoolprestaties 124 schooltaal 150 schouderspieren 76 schuld 200, 232, 233, 283 schuldgevoel 211, 231, 232, 236, 281, 331 script 89, 99 secundaire geslachtskenmerken 357
secure base 177 sekse 37, 325, 326, 332, 333, 336 sekseonderscheid 353 sekserol 357 seksespecifiek 354 seksespecifieke signalen 356 seksestereotiep gedrag 353 seksestereotypen 356 seksestereotypie 353 seksesterotiepen aangaande agressie 256 sekseverhouding 323 sekseverschil 38, 44, 78, 142, 146, 149, 177, 214, 255, 298, 325, 347, 348 seksewens van de ouders 38 seksualiteit 367 seksuele fasen 26 seksuele gerichtheid 345 seksuele identiteit 357 seksuele nieuwsgierigheid 346 seksuele spelletjes 336 selectief waarnemen 356 self centered 43 self-direction 209 self-monitoring 365 Seligman 167, 168 Selma Fraiberg 280 semantische ontwikkeling 129, 132 sensitief reageren 181 sensitisering 269 sensitiviteit 181, 183 sensomotorische spelfase 311 sensorimotorische fase 109 Sesamstraat 284 shaping 99, 101 Sigmund Freud 199 signalerende functie 261 significant 31, 32 situatievrije zinnen 135 Skeels 94 Skinner 22, 223 slaag 249 slaan als straf 224 slaapproblemen 271 slaapstoornissen 271
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slangen- en spinnenangst 264 slapeloosheid 266 slechte bedoeling 235 sleutelgedragingen 37 slow to warm up child 206 ’s nachts huilend wakker worden 264 snelle habituatie 61 Snijders-Oomen 123 snoeiproces 25 sociaal brabbelen 131 sociaalculturele verschillen 355 sociaalevaluatieve angsten 267 sociaalinteractioneel 224 sociaal kapitaal 46 sociaal-lerentheorie 356 sociaal milieu 44 sociaal spel 296, 307 sociabiliteit 208 sociale aanpassing 226 sociale cognitie 57, 123, 248, 365 social effectance motivation 368 sociale-informatieverwerking 247 sociale-informatieverwerkingsproces 248 sociale kennisverwerving 117 sociale klasse 141 sociale oefening 294 sociale onhandigheid 327 sociale rangorde 298 sociale-spelregelspelletjes 308 sociale vaardigheid 247, 248 sociale vergelijking 166 socialisatie 294, 323 sociodrama 304 soeptheorie 339, 340 SON-R 123 soortgericht 173 speciaal begaafd 317 speelgoed 301 speels 291, 293, 308 speelvormen 297 spelen op straat 251 spelregels 307 speltherapie 282 spiegel 158, 160, 161, 363
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spiegelen 56 spierbeheersing 76, 78 spierbeweging 55 spierspanning 76 spierzintuigen 55, 58, 77, 82 spilwoord 136 spreiding 31 staafjes 64 staartzinnen 137 stabiliteit 213, 214 standaardafwijking − van het gemiddelde 31 standaard-Nederlands 141 stapreflex 74 steekproef 31, 32 stel-je-nu-eens-voor-dat 266, 267 stembuigingen 146 stemgeluiden 59 stemhebbend 131 stemloos 131 stemming 93 stem van moeder 65 stereotypering 357 sterftepercentage 38 Sternberg 123, 124 stimuleringshypothese 284 stoeien 298, 306 straf 97, 98, 99, 178, 211, 212, 222, 224, 225, 227, 228, 236, 248, 249, 268, 330 strekspanning 76 strekspieren 76 stress 47, 49 stressreactie 184 structuren in hersenen 91 Stuart Little 284 sublimatie 201, 299 substituut 305 suikergehalte 261 Superego 223, 224, 363 survival of the fittest 207 symbiose 161, 337 symbiotische relatie 160 symbolische functie 135 symbolisch spel 304
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syntactische ontwikkeling 129 syntaxis 136 taal 41, 66, 92, 113, 114, 115, 140, 156, 161, 163, 361 taalarme milieus 141 taalgebruik 327 taalgrapjes 148 taalkunde 129 taalontwikkeling 46, 336 taalregels 136, 137 taalrijke milieus 141, 142 taalspelletjes 306 taalvaardigheid 348 taferelen 315 talige, sociale steun 114 tastorgaan 68 tastzin 67, 68, 157 tastzintuig 35, 41, 345 tateren 129 te hoge bloeddruk 40 tekenen − van belijningen 313 − zonder perspectief 316 tekenfilms 254 tekentechniek 313 tekortschietend begrip 265 te laag geboortegewicht 47 televisie 101, 141, 253 televisiepersonages 356 te lichte baby 46 te licht geboren kinderen 39, 40, 42 temperament 37, 41, 181, 198, 199, 206, 207, 210, 226, 230, 243, 249, 267, 336, 364 temperamenten 198 tempoverschillen 80 testosteron 36, 243, 347 te strenge ouders 271 Te vroeg geboren kinderen 39, 40, 42, 68 te weinig beheersing 208 the child's theory of mind 118, 120 Thomas 206, 207, 210 Thorndike 95
tienermoeders 44 tijdbestedingsonderzoek 49 toekomende tijd 136 toestand 112, 117 toevalligheidsrelatie 135 tong uitsteken 56 traditioneel seksegebonden gedrag 355 traditionele samenleving 296 transfer 102 transformatie 138 transformatieregels 138 transitional objects 185 transparant tekenen 316 trappen van vergelijking 137 trial and error 97, 137, 175, 176 troosten 42 twee-eiige tweelingen 205, 334 twee kinderen van dezelfde sekse 331 twee kinderen van gelijke sekse 331 tweelingenonderzoek 244 tweelingzwangerschappen 337 tweetaligheid 148 tweewoordzinnen 135 type A, het vermijdende type 180 typologieën 198 Über-Ich 199, 200, 201, 223, 236, 270, 283 uitbeeldend tekenen 312, 313 uiterlijk 37, 197 uiterlijk van de baby 42 uit het hoofd leren 100 uitvouwend tekenen 315 vader die fulltime voor jonge kinderen zorgt 350 vaderloze gezinnen 353 vaderloze kinderen 353 vaderloze meisjes 353 vaders 48 − in hun spel met de baby 49 vadertje en moedertje spelen 306 vandalisme 243 Van IJzendoorn 182 vechten 298, 306
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− of wegrennen 261 veerkrachtige kinderen 208 veilig, B (van Basis) 179 veilige basis 177 veilige B-groep 179 veilige B-relaties 181 veilige geborgenheid 191 veilige gehechtheid 247 veilige hechting 46, 164, 183, 226, 271, 305 veilige hechtingsrelaties 192 veilig gehecht 271 veilig gehechte kinderen 178, 179 verantwoordelijkheid 209 verbasteren 134 verbazing 60 verbindingsknopen 90 verbod plus uitleg 232 verbreding van het opvoedingsmilieu 182 verbuigingen 136 verdeling 30, 31 verdelingen 31 verdringen 92 verdringing 201, 255 vergissing 286 verjaardagen 159 verkleinwoorden 136 verlatingsangst 362 verleden tijd 136 verlegen kinderen 211 vermijdende A-relaties 181 verrassing 61 verschil − tussen bedrog en vergissing 235 − tussen echt en niet echt 287 − tussen een grapje en een vergissing 285 versnelling van de hartslag 263 verstand 277 verstandelijke leeftijd 122 versterking 96 verstoppertje spelen 119 verstopspelletjes 111 vervoegingen 136
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verwerkingscapaciteit van de hersenen 94 verzet − tegen gedragsregulering 208, 210 − tegen inperking 210 verzorgende vader 351 verzorgingsfiguur 175 video-experiment 159 video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting 193 videofilm 253 vijf hoofddimensies van de Big Five 214 visual connected 58 visualiseren 318 visueel realisme 316, 317 visueel-realistisch tekenen 317 visuele herhaling 91 visuele prikkels 58 vluchtige stel-je-nu-eens-voor-dat 266 vlugge baby's 80 vlug van begrip 80 voelen 67 voetgrijpreflex 74 voldragen zwangerschap 40 volontwikkeld spel 294 voorbereidingsangst 272 voorspelbaarheid 46 voorspellingen 28, 29 voorstellingsbeelden 177 voortplanting 346, 347 voortrekken 338 vreemde dieren 263, 264 vreemdenangst 176 Vreemde Situatie 179, 189 vrienden 374 vrije expressie 279 vrij vormen 299 vroeggeboorte 48 vrouwelijkheidsschaal 352 vrouwenemancipatie 355 vruchtbaarheidsbehandeling 50 Vygotskij 143 waarden 197, 223, 226, 230, 231
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waaromvragen 143 Walden two 223 Walk 63 warmte 68 watervrees 263 wederkerigheid 364 wedijver 245 weglopen 178 werkende moeder 45, 46 werkstress 46 werkwoord 136 werkwoordsvormen 136 wet van het effect 22, 96, 136, 137, 138, 171, 187 White 60 Wiechenschema, Van 83 wijzende gebaren 117 wijzende volwassene 115 willekeurig zenuwstelsel 74 winnen of verliezen 308 Winnicott 185 WISC-R 123 Woeste Willem 284 wolfskinderen 27 woonomstandigheid 249 woonruimte 250 woordbetekenissen 140 woordenschat 117, 139, 149 woordenschatexplosie 140 woordenschattest 142 woordvolgorde 136 worden 201 WPPSI 123 Y-chromosoom 38 Zaza het zebrameisje 284 zeldzaamheidswaarde 177 zelfbeeld 161, 164, 190 zelfbeheersing 46, 222, 230 zelfbesef 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 166, 263, 335, 349, 363, 365 zelfgevoel 232 zelfkennis 155, 166, 167, 168, 365
zelfkritiek 316 zelf ontdekken 103 zelfreflexie 165 zelfregulering 208 zelfrespect 224 zelfstandigheid 171, 209, 324, 328 zelfstandig naamwoord 134, 135, 136 zelfsturing 209 zelfsturingsmechanismen 213 zelfvertrouwen 155, 163, 164, 165, 167, 192, 268, 332, 373, 374 zelfvoedende moeder 36 zelfwaardering 155, 164, 165, 166, 167 zenuwbanen 55, 75, 76, 77 zenuwcellen 90 zenuwknopen 93 zenuwnetwerken 80 zenuwschakelstations 80 zenuwstelsel 75, 77, 78, 80, 91 zenuwverbindingen 121 zevenmaandskindjes 39 zich-kunnen-voorstellen 102 zichzelf − als oorzaker voelen 165 − prikkels toedienen 60 − tekenen 314 ziekenhuisopname 201 zinnelijke beleving 356 zinnelijkheid 345 zinsconstructie 138 zintuigprikkel 59, 60 zintuigspelletjes 299 zintuigzenuwen 55, 59, 60, 61 zinvolheid van regels 308 zorgvuldig-onzorgvuldig 214 zuigreflex 75 zusjes 182 zwaaibewegingen 311 zwakke werkwoorden 136 zwangerschap 22, 38, 46, 48 − korter dan 32 weken 40 − onder stress 45 zwangerschapsdiabetes 50 zwangerschapssymptomen 48 zwangerschapsverlof 44
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