80 B. Tuliskanlah kembali kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini dengan memakai pole kalimat if yang baru kita pelajari. Example: If I (have) enough money, I (go) to Australia.
Answer: If I had enough money, I'd go to Australia.
1. If I (go) to Australia, I (visit) Sydney. 2. If I (have) enough time, I (go) to Melbourne too. 3. I (visit) Radio Australia in Melbourne if I (go) there. 4. If I (want) to get to Australia quickly, I (go) by plane. 5. If I (travel) by plane, it (cost) a lot. C. Ajukanlah pertanyaan singkat mengenai hal-hal di bawah ini. Lihatlah dulu contob berikut. (Di mana perlu. saudara juga harus memakai couldn't, were atau weren't dalam pertanyaan saudara.)
Example: I'm sure he'll come. Example: She can't help us.
Answer: What if he didn't? Answer: What if she could?
5. She isn't beautiful.
1. The strike will end soon. 2. All kangaroos can hop. 6. They come every day.
3. They can't agree. 7. He's very good at Maths.
4. He'll come tonight. 8. They can't finish by 9 o'clock.
LESSON NO. 76
PART I:
BEFORE THE BROADCAST
Beberapa Kata Oasar Penting seTta Pemaksiannya OTHER [ADHa) (lagi/lain)
A.
Other dapat berarti
I lain
I' misalnya:
I like travelling to OTHER countries. John and Greg are here, but where are THE OTHER boys? I don't want this cup-I want ANOTHER~one. Atau dapat juga berarti
I lagi I' misalnya: Would you like ANOTH ER
cup of tea?
(= Apakah saudara mau (secangkir)
teh lagi?)
glass of milk (= susu segelas lagi)?
banana (= pisang sebuah lagi)?
-Yes, I'd love ANOTHER [aNADHa), thanks.
I've only got one stamp here, but I've got SOME OTHER stamps
at home.
1. Setu ... lain/lagi = ANother, ditulis dan diucapkan sebagai satu kata [aNADHa]. Kata ini tidak dapat dipakai dalam bentuk jamak. Perhatikan kedua arti yang tersebut di atas - arti kedua sangat sering dipakai dalam percakapan. 2. Bentuk jamak dari another ialah some other [sam..ADHa]. misalnya, some other stamps (lihat di atas). Kadang-kadang kata some dihilangkan, kalau jumlah yang dimaksudkan sangat umum atau tidak tertentu, misalnya: There are (SOME) OTHER reasons. Other + kete benda jamak kadang-kadang berarti All other + kata benda jamak, misalnya: OTHER countries are always interesting.
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3. The· other
+ bentuk tungga/
= Satu-satunya ha/ (orang) yang be/um disebutkan dari semua
yang kita msksudken", They have 3 sons. Two are at school; the other son/one works. The" other + bentuk jamak = Semua ha/ (orang) yang be/um disebutksn dari jum/ah yang kita maksudkan." There were 30 children at the party. Eighteen were girls; the other children/ones were boys . • Tentunya saudara masih inqet. kita harus memakai the ka/au kita menyebutkan ha/ atau ha/-ha/ yang tertentu. Another note! THE OTHER misa/nya:
+
kata benda jamak dapat diganti dengan THE REST OF THE,
THE OTHER children were girls'. THE REST OF THE children were girls.
I
4. Another dan the other seringka/i dipakai sebagai KA TA GANT/ tungga/. misa/nya: I've got 2 shirts but Two sons go to school. I'd like another shirt. The other son works. The other works. I'd like another. Others dan the others merupakan kata ganti jamak khusus. (a) Some boys play football.,
Other boys play different sports. OtherS play different sports.
(b) There were 30 children at the party. Eighteen were boys. Catatan:. • •
The other children/ones were girls. The otherS were girls.
Others bersifat umum (Iihat contoh a); the others berarti kbusus (tertentu) (lihat contoh b). Jangan /upa bahwa kata ganti jamak berakhir dengan S - others. the others. Perhatikan/ahka/imatdengan SOME ... OTHER(S) ... seperti contoh a. Kalimat seperti ini amat berguna dan seringka/i dipeks), dan bersrti Ada anak /aki-/aki yang bermain sepekbols. ada yang bermain o/ahraga lain. Da/am ha/ ini some mempunyai arti yang berbeda dengan apa yang sudah kite pelejer', dan se/a/u diberi tekanan dan diucapkan [SAM].
5. ANOTH ERdipakai da/am beberapa ungkapan khusus yang berbentuk jsrnsk, miselnye. ANOTH ER FIVE MINUTES
Juga:
five more minuteS} another five minutes = another 2 hours
5 menit /agi another 20 pages
another six weeks
"8ERAPA 0/ ANTARA ATAV OAR/ MEREKAr 8BgBimBnB jBwBbBnnYB dB/Bm bBhBSB /nggeris (a) Kita berbicara tentang sekelompok orang atau barang. dan kita ingin mengetahui apakah orang yang kita ajak berbicsrs melihat (dsb.) semue, atau hanya beberspe. atau ban yak dad orang-orang atau barang-barang tersebut. Ke/ompok tersebut merupakan ke/ompok tertentu yang sudah kita sebutken, karena itu kita memakai kata the di muka kata bendanya. Pe/ajari/ah contoh-contoh berikut: There are 20 students in the class.
HOW MANY OF THE studentS did you see at the party? (I saw)
ALL OF} THE students ALL MOST OF THE students (= kebanyakan) A LOT }OFTHEstudents MANY
(20)
) (I saw) ALL OF THEM
(11-19)--------+l MOST OF THEM (15-18)
l{ALOTOFTHEM MANYOFTHEM
82
seven OF THE students (7) - - - - - - - - , SOME OF THE students (3-8) ) ( = jum/ahnya tidak tertentu mungkin hanya sedikit tetapi tidak se/a/u) SEVERAL OF THE students (3-5)------+) (3 atau /ebih tetapi tidak
banyak)
(3-8) - - - - - - + ) A FEW OF THE students (jum/ah yang keci/- tidak
banyak)
NONE OF THE students (0) l
seven OF THEM SOME OF THEM
SEVERAL OF THEM
A FEW OF TH EM
NONE OF THEM
"Deism ka/imat-ka/imat di sebe/ah kiri di etes, kata OF dapat dipakai atau dihi/angkan di be/akang ALL.
tetapi harus digunakan di be/akang ungkapan-ungkapan /ainnya.
TH E dipakai da/am semua ungkapan di sebe/ah kiri ketene kite berbicara tentang suatu ketompok yang
sudah kite ketahui. Tanpa kata the, maka arti ungkapan-ungkapan tersebut menjadi /ebih umum.
misa/nya:
All students Most students ALL OFTHEM MOST OF THEM NONE· OF THEM
All the students in the world. Most (of the) students in the world.
were friends of mine.
SOME OF THE students were at the party; THE REST OF THEM were studying. * NONE dapat diikuti oleh kata kerje baik da/am bentok tungga/ maupun da/am bentuk jemsk, tetapi da/am bahasa /nggeris moderen bentuk jamak/ah yang biasanya dipakai. Perhatikan/ah ucapannya: Da/am semua ungkapan di stes, kata-katanya diucapkan sebagai satu kesetuen, misa/nya: a lot ofthem [aLOTavdham] a few of them [aFYOwavdham] (b) Ada sejum/ah kata khusus yang dipakai untuk 2 orBng BtBU bBrBng. There are two windows in that room.
BOTH OF THEM are open BOTH OF}THE windows are open BOTH NEITHER OF THE windows is/are open NEITHER OF THEM is/are open Catatan:. Both = keduanya; all tidak dapat dipakai untuk dua orang/barang. • Neither of + kata benda jamak dapat diikuti baik oleh kata kerja bentuk tungga/ maupun jemek, tetspi bentuk jamak makin lama makin sering dipakai (seperti ha/nya dengan none). • Kata both tidak dapat diikuti oleh kata kerja da/am bentuk menyangka/. Da/am bahasa Indonesia kita dapat mengatakan, misetnye. KedulI mahasiswa itu tidllk datang, tetapi da/am bahasa /nggeris tidak dapat. Da/am bahasa /nggeris kits harus memakai neither: Neither of the students came. (Demikian juga ka/imat: SemulI mahasiswa itu tidllk tutus, da/am bahasa /nggeris ia/ah None of the students passed.) (c) All of/some of dsb. dapatjuga diikuti oleh UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS, tetspi da/am ha/ ini kits harus memakai all/most dsb. of it, dan buken all dsb. of them.
ALL (OF) THE money is missing - - - - - - + ALL OF IT is missing
MOSTOF THE MOST OF IT
SOME OF THE SOME OF IT
NONE OF THE NONE OF IT
PellljBrilllh bllclllln berikut: Australia has seven States. One of them is New South Wales. It is the oldest State. Another is the Northern Territory. It is the newest State. The other States are Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, South
83
Australia and Western Australia. All the States have a capital. Sydney is one of the capitals. It is the biggest. Melbourne is another big capital. Neither of them is as crowded as Jakarta. Both Sydney and Melbourne have about three million people (in 1980). There are 14 million people in Australia. Most live in the south. A lot of them live in Sydney and Melbourne. A few of them live in the far north, where it is very hot.
BE READY FOR THESE WORDS AND PHRASES IN THE BROADCAST a continent [KONtanant] = benua a postcard [POUSTkad] = kartupos Holland/Dutch [HOLand/DAC] = negeri Belanda/bahasa Belanda Germany [J9mani] = Jerman France [FRA:NS/FRANS] = Perancis Spain [SPEIN] = Sepanyol West/Central Java/Javanese [WEST /SENtral JAva/javaNIZ] = Jawa Barat/Tengah/bahasa Jawa Sundanese [sundaNIZ] = bahasa Sunda a city [SITf] = kota besar Tasmania [tcezM Elniya] a hostel [HOStel] = asrama private accommodation [PRAlvacakomaDElsyan] tempat menumpang di luar asrama the Northern Territory [NOdhan TERatri] Western Australia [WEStan_aSTREILya]
PART 11:
muddy [MADi] = berlumpur full [FUL] = penuh mainly [ME,INli] = kebanyakan go ahead [GOUw_aHED] = silakan share a flat [SYE9r_a FLA:T] = [mereka] bersama-sama mendiami sebuah Hat That'd be fun if we were all in Indonesia [DHA:Tad bfFAN if wf war_O~in_indaNlzya] = Akan senang sekali seandainya kita semua ede di Indonesia the north [NOTH]
the south [SAUTH]
in the far north [dha FA NOTH]
= jauh di utere
AFTER THE BROADCAST
PERBENDAHARAAN KATA TAMBAHAN a sandal [SA:Ndal] = sandal a pair of sandals [PE9r_av SA:Ndalz] = sepasang sandal a customer [KAStama] = pembeli a size [SAIZ] = ukuran (nomor sepetu. dsb)
surprised [saPRAIZD] worn out [WON.,AUT] tight [TAIT] = ketat
= heran
=
usang/lusuh/tua
measure [MEZYa] = mengukur fit [FIT] = cocok/pas
You're not pulling my leg, are you? [yc NOT PULing mai LEG a yu]
EXERCISES A. Saudara ingin bercerita sedikit tentang Indonesia kepada seseorang yang hanya dapat berbahasa Inggeris. Lengkapkanlah keterangan di bawah ini dengan ungkapan-ungkapan berikut. Setiap ungkapan hanya dapat dipakai setu kali.
some of them, a lot of, most of the, one of the, three of them, another, some of the, a lot of them Indonesia has . islands (Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatra) are very big. Java is big island in Indonesia people of Indonesia live in Java. The capital, Jakarta, is in Java. Bali i s . . . . . smaller islands. It is very famous in other countries, so when tourists come to Indonesia, come to Bali. islands are very small. There are no people on ..
B. Isilah titik-titik dalam setiap kalimat di bawah ini dengan salah satu ungkapan dari daftar di bawah. Pakailah setiap ungkapan satu kali saja. others the other the others another other 1. I enjoyed that cup of tea. Can I have 2. Some people like Melbourne better than Sydney And some people prefer Brisbane.
.? think Sydney is a better place to live.
84 3. 4. 5.
I have two sisters. One is a teacher. . . is a nurse. I went to a party last night with a lot of my friends. My girl friend and I listened to the music but ................ danced. Some people like traditional music. '. . people like pop music.
LESSON NO. 77
PART I: ANGKA!
47
ANGKA!
10
BEFORE THE BROADCAST
7
ANGKA!
8
49
ANGKA I
787
1. ANGKA UNTUK MENGHITUNG Lihatlah kembali Lesson 5, dan pelajarilah lagi angka-angka 1-100 yang sudah saudara ketahui. Berikut ini adalah cara menghitung di atas 100.
100 101 200 241 300 999 1000 1700
a hundred (Perbetiken. biasanya kite memakai a dengan arti setu«)
a hundred and one (Kalau 100 diikuti oleh angka 1-99,maka kite memakai and)
two hundred (Perhstlksn, tidsk ada akhiran -S meskipun jamak)
two hundred and forty-one
three hundred
nine hundred and ninety-nine
a thousand (= seribu) (Perhatikan kete a dan buksn one)
one thousand seven hundred (Kalau 1000 diikuti o/eh angka di atas 99 maka kite
memakai one) 2000 two thousand (tidak ada akhiran -S) 1050 a thousand and fifty one thousand one hundred and fifty (Perhatikan di sini kita memakai one dan buksn a. * 1150 Perhatikan juga letak kata and.)
20,479 twenty thousand, four hundred and seventy-nine
250,000 two hundred and fifty thousand OR a quarter of a million
500,000 five hundred thousand OR half a million
1000,000 a million (= sejuta)
* (Kita dapatjuga mengatakan a hundred, a thousand, a million, atau memakai one. Biasanya kata one dipakai untuk memberi tekanan)
Catatan lain: (a) Angka-angka 100, 1000 dsb diberi akhiran -S hanya dalam ungkapan-ungkapan seperti misalnya: I've been there hundreds of times = Saya sudah pernah ke sana beratus-ratus keli. There are thousands of people in that town = Di kote itu ada (terdapat) beribu-ribu orang. There are millions of mosquitoes in some parts of Australia = Di beberapa bagian Australia ada (terdapat) berjuta-juta nyamuk. (b) Kata dozen (= lusin), yang masih sering dipeksi, mengikuti ketentuan yang berlsku bagi hundred, thousand. dsb.. misalnya a dozen eggs, two dozen eggs. dan dozens of times. (c) Dalam ha/ tehun. angka-angka diucapkan (atau dibaca) secara berbeda. Untuk tahun 1982 kite mengatakan nineteen eighty-two, untuk tahun 1945 nineteen forty-five, dsb. Beberapa dari angka-angka yang disebutkan di bagian atas halaman ini diucapkan secara berbeda apabila dipakai untok menunjukken tehun, misalnya 1700 diucapkan seventeen hundred.
