26 B. Ceritakanlah kembali ucapan-ucapan di bawah ini. Berhati-hatilah dengan perubahan tense dan kata gantinya! Example: '" spoke to your mother yesterday," Peter told Jane.
Answer: Peter told Jane he'd spoken to her mother yesterday.
1.
"I wanted to go," Helen said.
2. "Your new dress is very nice," Chris told me. 3. "You can bring your guitar to the party," she told him. 4. "You can bring your guitars to the party," Chris told Iwan and his friend. 5. "I've seen a few good films recently," Iwan said. 6. "I've fixed your fridge," the man told the housewife. 7. "You've been reading too many Westerns," Margaret told Bert. 8. "I was wondering what to do about your idea," she told me.
LESSON NO. 60
PART I:
BEFORE THE BROADCAST
Menyatakan hubungan antara dua hal Dalam pelajaran ini kite akan meninjau kembali pemakaian KATA DEPAN yang telah kite petejeri. dan membicarakan hal-hal baru mengenai pokok ini.
A. Ungkapan Waktu -
kapan
1. Pemakaian kata AT, ON dan IN kadang-kadang membingungkan para pelajar bahasa Inggeris. Sebenarnya hal ini sangat sederhana, dan hanya ada tiga pedoman yang harus kita ingat. PEDOMAN I:
Pakailah AT untuk suatu saat tertentu
misalnya: at 6 p.m.
PEDOMAN 1/:
at the beginning of the year
Pakailah ON dengan nem« hari atau tanggal
misalnya: on Monday
PEDOMAN 11/:
on 29 January* I> pada tanggal 29 Januafl] on Thursday week (> pada hari Kamis berikutnya)
Pakailah IN dengan bulsn. musim. tshun
misalnya: in February 2.
at the end of the party
in (the) summer
in 1980
Ada beberapa ungkapan lain yang sering dipekei. tetapi tidak dapat dimasukkan dalam kelompok kelompok di atas. Ungkapan-ungkapan ini sebaiknya dihafalkan saja sebagai kekecualian:
in the
morning afternoon evening
T£TAPI
at night
Christmas Christmas time (= masa/musim Natal) (TETAPI on Christmas Day) Easter on the weekend dan at the weekend keduanya sering dipakai.
at
* Bahasa tulisan: bahasa Iisan:
on (the) 29th January/on 29 January/on January 29 [on dhe TWENti NAINTt-Lev JJeNyIT(e)ri]
27
B. Ungkapan Waktu
berapa/ama
Untuk menunjukkan jangka waktu kita memakai:
for .. since .. from between.
misa/nya: FOR six months SINCE last Friday FROM 9 a.m. TO 11 a.m. BETWEEN 1 AND 2 p.m.
to .. and
Lihat/ah kemba/i Pe/ajaran 9 dan 44 kaJau saudara tidak ingat /agi akan ungkapan-ungkapan A-B.
C. Ungkapan Yang Menunjukkan Tempat
1. AT. ON dan IN juga dipakai untuk menunjukkan tempat. Da/am ha/ inijugaada tigapedoman yang sederhana. PEDOMAN J : Pakai/ah AT ka/au yang dimaksudkan ia/ah suatu tempat khusus yang tertentu misa/nya: at the door
at the supermarket
PEDOMAN" : Pakai/ah ON ka/au ada persentuhan antara permukaan dua benda misa/nya: The book's on the desk.
He rang the bell on the bike.
PEDO MAN Ill: Pakai/ah IN untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu ada di da/am suatu benda/barang lain misa/nya:
His house is in the city.
The chicken's in the refrigerator.
2. Berikut ini beberapa kata depan lain yang menunjukkan tempat. Lihatlah gambar di bawah ini yang akan membantu saudara memahami arti kata-kata itu da/am ungkapan-ungkapan yang menyatakan tempat.
The milk jug's NEXT TO (= di samping) the tea pot. The tea pot's NEXT TO the milk jug.
The saucer's UNDER (= di bawah) the cup.
The chair's BEHIND (> di be/akang) the desk.
28 D. Ungkapan Yang Menunjukkan Gerak Kata depan juga dipakai I1ntuk menunjukkan gerak deri satu tempat ke tempat lain. Lihatlah bagan di bawah ini yang akan membantu saudara memahami gerak yang dinyatakan oleh kata-kata yang tertulis di bawahnya.
~-------~
J
~
------~ ~m
uj~
INTO OUT OF THROUGH Berikut ini beberapa ungkapan lain yang berguna untuk menunjukkan gerak:
Z
ACROSS
TO school TETAPI go home AT school get/arrive home IN Melbourne get ON a bus TETAPI get IN{TO) a car OFF a bus get get OUT OF a car Ungkapan Yang Menunjukkan Cara Sesuatu Dilakukan Kata depan juga dipsksi untuk menunjukkan bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan. Berikut ini beberapa ungkapan yang umum: train go BY (a) bus TETAPI go ON foot car go BY bike (= bicycle) go ON my bike TETAPI motor bike (dan ON the 9.35 train IN his car, dsb) (b) In Australia we eat meat WITH a knife and fork (> dengan pisau dan garpu) go arrive
E.
I
+ Kata Depan Ada beberepe kata sitet yang dipakai dengan kata depan tertentu, tetapi tidak ada pedoman yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kata depan mana yang harus kits pakai dengan setiap kata sitat tersebut. Cara yang paling beik ialah memandang ungkapan-ungkapan seperti lni sebagai gabungan dsri dua kata yang mempunyai arti yang berbeda deri arti kata-kata asalnya. Dan sebuah catatan lagi: ungkapan-ungkapan ini sering mengandung kata depan yang berbeda dengan padan katanya dalam bahasa Indonesia, misalnya dalam bahasa Indonesia kite mengatakan marah (ke)pada, tetapi dalam bahasa Inggeris angry with.
F. Kata Sitat
BE READY FOR THESE PHRASES IN THE BROADCAST polite to (someone) [paLAIT ta/tO] = sopan kepada (seseorang) kind to (someone) [KAIND ta/tO] "" beik hati kepada (seseorang) good to (someone) [GUD ta/til] = beik kepada (seseorang) popular with [POPyala widh] = disukei oleh, populer di antara annoyed with (someone) [aN OlD widh] = jengkel pada (seseorang) careful with (something) [KEafal widh] = berhati-hati dengan (sesuatu) frightened of (someone/something) [FRAltand_av]= tekut pada (seseorang/sesuatu) tired of (someone/something) [TAlaD_av] = bosan pada (seseorang/sesuatu) useful for (something/someone) [VOSfal fa] = berguna untuk Catatan: Beberapa deri kete-kets sitet di atas dapat dipeksi dengan kete depan lain, dengan arti yang berbeda puts, misalnya
good to = baik (ke) pede careful of (the broken glass) = awas (pecahan kaca itu)
good at (Maths) = pandai dalam careful with (the glass) = beti-beti (dengan gelas itu)
(Matematika)
29 YOU WILL ALSO HEAR THESE OTHER WORDS AND PHRASES homework [HOUMwak] = pekerjaan (tugas) rumah primary school [PRAlmari sklil] = sekolah dasar secondary school [SEKandri sktll] = sekolah menengah high school [HAI skUl] = sekolah menengah a classroom [KLASrum] = (ruang) kelas autumn [Otam] = musim gugur spring [SPRING] = musim semi Easter [fSta] = Hari Raya Paskah a (swimming) pool [PUL]
play sport [PLEI SPOT] = bermain olahraga get in a car [GETjn] = naik mobil get out of a car [G ET...AUT_av] = turun dari mobil come out of a room [KAM...AUT _av] = keluar dari ruangan/kamar fly, flew. flown [FLAI FLU FLOUN] next to [NEKSta, NEKSm] behind [biHAIND] under [ANda]
= kolam renang
in the shade [in dha SYEID] = di tempat yang teduh in the daytime [in dha DEltaim] = pada siang hari It's kind of you to invite him [ats KAIND_av yu mwjnVAITjm] mengundang dia.
= Saudara baik hati seksli
SEBELUM SIARAN, ADA BAIKNYA KALAU SAUDARA JUGA MEMPELAJARI BACAAN DALAM BAGIAN 11. KEMUDIAN TUTUP KEMBALI BUKU SAUDARA SELAMA MENDENGARKAN SIARAN DAN MENGERJAKAN LATIHAN DALAM BAGIAN " ITU SESUDAH SIARAN SELESAI
PART 11:
AFTER THE BROADCAST
PERBENDAHARAAN KATA TAMBAHAN in this State [in dhis STEIT] = di negara-bagian ini He's 6 (years old) [hfz SIKS (yiaz--OULD)] = Dia berumur 6 tahun (Umurnya 6 tahun) at (the age of) 5 [at (dhiy_EIJ_av) FAIV] = pada umur 5 tahun swim-swam-swum [SWIM-SWA:M-SWAM]
on Thursday week [on TH9Zdei WfK] at Christmas time [at KRISmas taim] all day [OL DEI] = sepanjang hari Some go [SAM GOU] = Some (of the children) go = Ada anak yang pergi
a pre-school [PRfskUl] = sekolah taman kanakkanak* a canteen [krenTfN] = kantin/toko makanan a playground [PLElgraund] = tempat terbuka untuk bermsin-msin a sportsground [SPOTSgraund] = lapangan olahraga a mate [MElT] = kawan/teman a term [TaM] = kwartal a college [KOLij] = perguruan tinggi (mis. akademi) a fork [FOK] take a lunch [TEI ~a LANC] = membawa bekal makansiang
some schools [SAM SKUll] = beberapasekolah a kind of school [KAIND_av SKULl = sejenis sekolah the nearest school [dha Nlarast SKULl = sekolah yang terdekat the Olympic Games [dhry_aLlMpik GEIMZ] Pesta Olimpiade most of the teachers [MOUST_av dha Tfcaz] kebanyakan guru-guru itu the best under-fourteen swimmer [dha BEST...ANda FOtrn SWIMa] = perenang terbaik di antara anak-anak di bawah umur 14 tahun soccer [SOKa] = sepakbola rugby [RAGbi] = permainan sejenis sepakbola
* Di Australia ada dua
jenis taman kanak-kanak: yang pertama ialah pre-school (kindergarten) yang merupakan sekolah swsste. Anak-anak yang berumur 3-4 tahun dapat masuk ke sekolah ini tetapi tidak diharuskan. dan dari mereke ditarik uang sekoteb. Yang kedua ialah kindergarten. yang merupakan tingkat pertama dari keharusan bersekotsh.
EXERCISES A Kita mendapat cukup ban yak keterangan tentang sekolah di Australia dari Greg. Ada beberapa hal yang sangat berbeda dengan sekolah di Indonesia. bukan? Pelajarilah bacaan dari Greg berikut ini dan jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaannya dengan memakaiketerangan yang terdapat dalam bacaan tersebut. Berikanlah jawaban singkat.
30
I go to school by bus. The bus comes at twenty to nine and I arrive at school at ten to nine. Morning classes start at nine. I stay at school all day. We finish at half past three. I have my lunch at school at half past twelve. Sometimes I take a lunch; sometimes I buy my lunch at the canteen at school. We have lessons in the morning and in the afternoon on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday. On Thursday at our school we have lessons in the morning and play sport in the afternoon. I like Thursdays!
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
How does Greg go to school? (He. .. ) How long is the trip? (dua kata) When do lessons start at Greg's school? (tiga kata) How long does Greg stay at school each day? (... . hours) Does he go home for lunch? (Jawablah dengan singkat) How many days a week does Greg go to school? (satu kata) Does he do the same thing every day? (Jawablah dengan singkat) Which day does he like best? (satu kata) Why do you think he likes this day? (Because he .... afternoon) '
n
B. Di bawah ini sebuah bacaan lain dari Greg. Dalam bacaan ini dia bercerita tentang olahraga di sekolahnya yang terletak di negara-bagian New South Wales. Pelajarilah bacaan tersebut, den jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaannya. Berikanlah jawaban singkat di mana mungkin.
We play sport every Thursday afternoon from 1.30 to 3.30: We can play some sport in our own school playground but sometimes we go to a local sportsground. And, of course, in summer we go to the local swimming pool. We haven't got a swimming pool in the school playground! I like summer sport because I enjoy swimming. Nearly everyone goes swimming in summer. Most of the teachers go too. We have a couple of very good swimmers at our school. One of the boys is the best under-fourteen swimmer in the State, and one of the teachers swam for Australia in the last Olympic Games. In winter I play football, Rugby. We don't play soccer at my school. Some schools do. Some of my mates play tennis in the winter term. I can play tennis but I don't play it as a school sport. I play tennis at a local club on Saturdays.
2 3 4
Do the students play all their school sport in the school playground? (Jawablah dengan singkat) What is a popular summer sport? (satu kata) Do all Australian schoolboys play soccer? (Jawablah dengan singkat) Greg bermain berjenis-jenis olahraga. Lengkapkanlah kalimat berikut mengenai hat tersebut. 0
summer, he g.. ... s
Thursday a....
.
and 0
.a
the local pool but
Saturdays he p
L
a
w
he .
Rugby
a local club.
C. Pelajarilah bacaan berikut. In Australia, all children must goto school when they are six years old. Many children start school at five and some go to a kind of school, pre-school, when they are three or four. There are lots of primary schools and most children go to the nearest school. Parents don't pay school fees. When children are about twelve they move to the local high school. Children from a number of primary schools go to the same high school. There is no examination to go to high school. Most children leave school when they are about sixteen. They cannot leave before they are fifteen in most States of Australia. In Tasmania they must be sixteen before they can leave. Some children stay at school after they are sixteen. They take an examination when they are about eighteen. This examination has different names in different States. Students can then continue their education at a university or college.
