48 KATA SIFAT nervous [N~vas] = gugup upset [apSET] = bingung dan sedih surprised [saPRAIZD] = heran extra [EKStra] = ekstra/tambahan
LAIN-LAIN also [OLsou] = juga almost [OLmoust] = hampir Sssh [SYSY] = Ssst right [RAIT] = betul the others [dhiY_ ADHaz] = yang lain-lain It's a good thing [GUD THING] = Ada baiknya
LESSON NO. 66
PART I:
BEFORE THE BROADCAST
MENYATAKAN KEPERLUAN Untuk menyatakan keperluen, kite memakai beberapa kata kerja:
NEED [NTD] = memerlukan I need some money. Do you need this book? They'll need a car. Will he need an umbrella? She needed some help. Did he need any help?
A. di muka KATA 8ENDA:
B.
di muka KATA KERJA:
1. 2.
3.
dan
4.
MUST = mesti, herus, perlu (Iihatlah Pelajaran 33) NEED TO = perlu [NTD ta/tii] I need to buy some bread. There isn't any in the cupboard. He needs to decide that by Friday. Does he really need to do that? You'll need to take an umbrella. It's starting to rain. (Catatan: Kata kerja kedua selalu dalam bentuk infinitive.) HAVE TO* = herus, perlu (Ungkapan ini sedikit lebih bersitet sehari-hari dan jauh lebih sering dipakai der! pada need to.) 'VE (= HAVE) GOT TO* (Ungkapan ini yang paling sering dipakai dalam bahasa Inggeris seheri heri. Karena ungkapan ini tidak dibicarakan dalam sieren, maka kt:terangannya akan diberikan pada halaman 51.)
* Pemakaian have (got) ini berbeda dsri pemakaian yang sudah kite pelajari (Iihatlah Pelajaran 19 dan 25). Lihatlah juga bentuk-bentuk have (got) pada halaman 51-52.
H AV E TO MASA/WAKTU KINI I leave now. Don leave now. He You go to the bank. go to the bank. HAVE TO buy some tea. We Jane HASTO buy some tea. They get a bus. She geta bus. Iwan and Chris go home early. (Catatan: Sepertihalnyadengan need to,katakerja yang mengikutihavetotidsk berubah bentuknya. Perhatikan juga ucapannya: [H A:Vta] - pelahan-Iahan, [HA:F ta] - cepat; [H A:Z ta] pelahan-Iahan, [HA:S ta] - cepat. Jangan lupe, to diucapkan [ta] di muka huruf meti, misalnya: I have to know [ai HA:V /F ta NOU] dan diucapkan [tU] di muka huruf hidup, misalnya: You have to understand [yu HA:V /F tUw_andaSTA:ND])
49
MASA/WAKTU YANG AKAN DATANG 1. The Present Tense seringka/i dipakai untuk masa/waktu yang akan datang, terutama (a) apabila masa kinijuga merupakan sebagian dari masa yang akan datang, misa/nya: I must } I have to go to the bank. (b) dengan persiapan/rencana, misa/nya: I have to leave in five minutes. 2.
Ka/aukita inginmemakai Future Tense,maka baik havetomaupunmustberubah men;adiwill haveto: I'll have to mow my lawn (next weekend). You'll have to be careful (in future), won't you?
MASA/WAKTU LAMPAU Bentuk /ampau have/has to ada/ah HAD TO. (Bentuk ini juga dipakai sebagai bentuk /ampau must.) I wasn't able to stay until the end of the meeting - I HAD TO leave early. Mrs Jones wasn't well yesterday - She HAD TO go to the doctor. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PresentTense DO you HAVE TO leave now? - Yes, I DO. DOES Iwan HAVE TO study? - Yes, he DOES. Future Tense WILLyouHAVETOleavesoon? -Yes,IWILL. WILLlwan HAVE TO study tonight? - Yes, heWILL. PastTense DID you HAVE TO leave at 9? - Yes, I DID. DID Iwan HAVE TO study last night? - Yes, he DID. Perhatikan juga: Ka/au kita merasabahwa sesuatu perlu di/akukan, tetapi kita ingin memastikannya, maka kita memakai pertanyaan negatip, misa/nya: DON'TYOU HAVETObuysomebooks?
WON'T HE HAVETO check those figures?
DIDN'T SHE HAVETO seethe manager about it?
Dan untuk menjsweb. kita hanya memakaibagian pertama kata kerjanya saja,jadi sama dengan jawaban ataspertanyaan positip. Perhatikanjuga: Ka/aukitamemakaikata-katakerja diatas untuk menanyakanapa yang disebutkan da/am ka/imat beritanya, maka kata kerja kedua tidak perlu digunakan. Kita hanya mengatakan:
I
Ka/imat berita: I have to leave now. I'll haveto leave at 9. I had to leave early. Pertanyaan: Do you? Will you? Did you? Pertanyaan yang setengah singkat dipakai ka/au ungkapan have to tidak dipakai da/am ka/imat beritanya, misa/nya: Mother: Come on, Greg, wash your hands. Greg: Do I have to? Pertanyaan singkat seperti ini amat sering dipakai da/am percakapan sehari-hari. Berikut ini beberapa contoh yang mengandung kata-kata kerja lain:
I can drive a truck. Can you? I can't remember. Can't you?
I
I saw a burglar. Did you? Jane won't be there? Won't she?
MENYATAKAN PENGERT/AN T/DAK PERLU Untuk menyatakan pengertian tidak petiu, kita memakai bentuk negatip dari semua contoh yang sudah disebutkan da/am pe/ajaran ini. A. Dengan KATA B£NDA: DON'T NEED I need a hammer, but I don't need a saw. = Saya memerlukan petu, tetapi saya tidak memerJukan gergaji. She needs some butter, but she doesn't need any eggs. (Jangan lupe, some berubah menjadi any da/am ka/imat negatip.) You won't need an umbrella, but you'll need a coat.
50
B. DenganKATA KERJA:
DON'T NEED TOstsu DON'T HAVE TO = tidskussh You don't need to do that now, do you? Will I need to take some paper for the exam? No, you won't. It's Sunday today. I DON'T HAVE TO get up-early. Don DOESN'T HAVE TO get up early either. It was Saturday yesterday. We DIDN'T HAVE TO get up early then either.
BE READY FOR THESE WORDS AND PHRASES IN THE BROADCAST a hammer [H.lEMa] = pa/u/marti/ a spark plug [SPAK plag] = busi a suit [SOT] = sete/an jas-ee/ana prices [PRAlsaz] = harga-harga groceries [GROUsariZ] = makanan dan minuman (mis. gu/a, berss, limun, dsb.)
have to need return something [raTaN] = menqembsliken sesuetu change [CEINJ] mengganti. menukar, mengubah get there [GET dhea] = sampai di sana need a hand [NID_a H.lEND] = memerlukan
pertotonqsn
... AND BE READY FOR THESE OTHER WORDS AND PHRASES
=
do the housework [HAUSwak] = me/akukan pekerjaan rumah tangga
in future [in FYUca]
put money in the bank [PUT MANiyjn dha B.lENGK] = menyimpan uang di bank
on special occasions [on SPESYal_ aKElzyanz] = pada kesempatan-kesempatan khususl pada wsktu- wektu istimewa
work on a motor [W8ICon_a MOUta] = memperbaiki mesin it (the motor) won't start [at (dha MOUta) WOU NT STAT] = mesinnya tidak ja/an
somewhere [SAMwea]
di masa yang akan datang
=
pada suatu tempat
What's wrong with it? [WOTS RONG wadh_ at] = Mengapa mesinnya?
Apanya yang sa/ah?
before he leaves [baFO hi LIVZ] = sebe/um dia berangkat
PART 11:
AFTER THE BROADCAST
PERBENDAHARAAN KATA TAMBAHAN ticket office [TIKaLofas] = kantor penjua/an kareis enquiry counter [inKWAI er; kaunta] = meja penerangan (ticket) window [WINdou] = /oket penjua/an kareis platform [PL.lETfom] = peron a saw [SO] a photograph [FOUtagraef/FOUtagraf] = photo a steelworks [STILwaks] = paberik baja
smart [SMAT] = gagah/perlente necessary [NESas(e)ri] unnecessary [anNESas(e)ri] essential [aSENsyal] absolutely necessary [.lEBsaliJtli N ESas(e)ri]
a copy [KO Pi]
= se/embar/satu eksemp/ar
51
'VE GOTTO Da/am bahasa /nggeris sehsri-heri, 've got to sering seka/i dipakai untuk mengganti have to. Berikut ini ada/ah bentuknya yang digunakan untuk waktu yang berbeda-beda: Msss/Wsktu Kini I've got to leave now. (diucapkan [aivGOTta]; /ebih cepat: [aivGOTa]; kasar: [aiGOTa]) He's got to study tonight. (diucapkan [hiZGOTta]; /ebih cepat: [hiZGOTa]) Have you got to leave now? - Yes. I have. Haven't you got to buy some books? I've got to leave now. - Have you? Msss/Wsktu Ysng Aksn Dstsng (a) I've got to go to town tomorrow. (b) I'll have to mow my lawn (next weekend). Masa/Waktu Lampau Bentuk /ampau have got to sama dengan bentuk /ampau untuk have to (dan must): I've got to see the doctor today. I had to see him yesterday too. CA TATAN TAMBAHAN TENTANG PENGERT/AN PERLU DAN T/DAK PERLU Ksts sitst juga dapat dipakai untuk menunjukkan pengertian perlu atau tidak per/u. Da/am ha/ ini kita memakai kata necessary dan unnecessary. I think I'll wear a tie. - Is that really necessary? (= Do you really have to?) I'll do that job if it's absolutely necessary/essential (> betu/-betu/ perlu). Do you have to do that? I think it's quite unnecessary (= betu/-betu/ tidak perlu). (Catatan: It's necessary
= I have to ... .)
PEMAKA/AN UMUM HAVE (GOT) TO DALAM PERCAKAPAN have to. have got to dan must seringka/i dipakai ks/su kits mints diri. Berikut ini ada/ah beberapa ungkapan yang sangat sering diucapkan ka/au kita minta diri: (Semua ungkapan ini I must be off. I must be on my way, I must be going. berarti: Saya harus I have to go. I have to go now. minta diri sekarang.) I've got to go now. HAVE/HAVE GOT (CA TATAN TAMBAHAN)
1. M/LlK/C/R/-C/R/ JASMAN/ /PENYAK/T
POSITIVE STATEMENTS I have" a car I've" got a car He has" blue He's" got blue eyes eyes She has" a cold She's" got a cold
" da/am pemakaian
" da/am pemakaian
ini. have/has
ini. have/has di
tidak pernah disingkat. ~
be/akang kata ganti se/a/u disingkat.
.
,
\
Catatan: Baik have maupun have got da/am Past Tense menjadi had: I had a car.
(Da/am pemakaian ini, baik have maupun have got dapat dipekei. tetepi ada beberapa perbedaan. Perhatikan/ah dengan te/iti kata-kata kerja pembantunya.)
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS a. I don't have a car. c. I haven't got a car. He doesn't have blue He hasn't got blue eyes. eyes. She doesn't have a She hasn't got a cold. cold. Bentuk ini makin lama makin sering dipakai. b. I haven't a car. He hasn't blue eyes. She hasn't a cold. Bentuk ini makin jarang dipakai.
Bentuk ini sering sekali dipakai da/am percakapan sehari-hari.
52 QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS a. Do you have any children? Yes, I do. Does he have a sore throat? No, he doesn't.
c. Have you got any children? Yes, I have. Has he got a sore throat? No, he hasn't.
b. Have you any children? Yes, I have. Has he a sore throat? No, he hasn't.
2. PEMAKA/AN KHUSUS KATA HAVE I have a shower every day. He has dinner at 7 o'clock.
I don't have holidays in December. We don't have coffee at night.
Do you have a break at 10? Yes, I do. Does he have exams in May? No, he doesn't.
EXERCISES A. Jawab/ah pertanyaan-pertanyaan di bawah ini dengan have to seperti da/am contoh berikut: Example:
Why did he leave early? (study) . Answer: Because he had to study. 1. Why can't you go to the beach? (mow the lawn) 2. Why didn't they come to the cinema? (visit a sick friend) 3. Why are you going shopping? (buy some bread)
Example:
Why are you hurrying? (catch a bus) Answer: Because I have to catch a bus. 4. Why is he hurrying? (be at the airport in 20 minutes) 5. Why are you putting your coat on? (go out and it's cold)
Sekarang /atih/ah pertanyaan-pertanyaan di atas beserta jawabannya dengan seorang teman.
B. Buat/ah ka/imat-ka/imat dengan have to atau don't have to, had to atau didn't have to seperti contoh-contoh berikut. Example: He's got plenty of money .... go to the bank.
Answer: He doesn't have to go to the bank.
Example: He needed some money .... go to the bank.
Answer: He had to go to the bank.
1. We're leaving at 6 a.m.... get up early. 2. I feel very sick ..... see the doctor. 3. I went to town yesterday ... go again until next week. 4. His wife's sick: .... (he) look after the children. 5. It was school holidays (the children) go to school. (we) wear a coat. 6. It wasn't cold yesterday C. Biasanya ka/au kita minta dlti. kite memberikan a/asan mengapa. Da/am /atihan ini. berikan/ah suatu a/asan da/am bahasa /nggeris mengapa saudara ingin minta diri saat ini. Pe/ajari/ah du/u contoh berikut. Contoh: Jawab: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Saudara harus bangun pagi-pagi besok.
I'm afraid I've got to leave now. I've got to get up early tomorrow morning.
Saudara Saudara Saudara Saudara
harus harus harus harus
pergi ke kentor pos sebe/um jam 5 sore. menjemput ibu di kote. ku/iah setengah jam /agi. pu/ang untuk menyiapkan makan ma/am.
D. Berikut ini ada/ah sebagian dari percakapan antara Greg dan ibunya. Baca/ah petikan tersebut den,gan teliti. kemudian jawab/ah pertanyaan-pertanyaan pada ha/aman 53 dengan singkat. Greg: Mother: Greg:
Mum, I'll need to get up very early tomorrow. I've got to be at school at 7 a.m. We're going to visit the steelworks at Wollongong·, and the bus is going to leave at 7.15.
Do you have to take your lunch?
No, I don't. We're going to have lunch in the canteen at the factory.
• Wollongong ter/etak 70 km di sebe/ah se/atan Sydney, dan mempunyaipaberik baja yang sangat besar.
53
Mother: Greg: 1.
2. 3. 4.
Will you need Dad's camera?
No, I won't. You can't take photos in the steelworks.
Will Greg have to get up early tomorrow? Has he got to be at school at 6 a.rn.? Will he need to take his lunch? Does he have to take a camera?
LESSON NO. 67
PART I:
BEFORE THE BROADCAST
Masihingat? .......BAGAIMANA MENYATAKAN PENGERTIAN JUGA TERHADAP KALlMAT POSITIP CHRIS: I'm studying Engineering. CHRIS: I like swimming. IWAN: I am TOO. IWAN: I do TOO. Sekarang
CARA LAIN UNTUK MENYATAKAN PENGERTIAN 01 ATAS . CHRIS: I'm studying Engineering. CHRIS: I like swimming. IWAN: SO am I. (= I am too.) IWAN: SO do I. (= I do too.) Pola yang kita pakai ialah SO + KATA KERJA PEMBANTU + KATA BENDA/KATA GANTI.
(Susunan kata pola ini sama dengan susunan kata kalimat tanya, tetapi pola tersebut bukanlah pertanyaan, melainkan suatu kalimat berita. Kalimat ini diucapkan dengan lagu kalimat berite, yaitu menurun.) Lihatlah!
So am I
[Souw_am~] (Dan perhatikanlah tekanan kalimatnya.)
Lihatlah beberapa contoh lagi dengan pola di etes. dan perhatikan/ah kata kerja yang dipakai. Ka/au kata kerja yang digunakan mempunyai /ebih dari satu bagian, maka hanya bagian pertama/ah yang dipeksi, yaitu kata kerja pembantu. He's working hard............................................. SO is she.
SO can Helen.
Jane can type I've got a secreL............................................... SO has my sister.
We'll be there SO will our friends.
SO must Bert.
He must go She'd prefer to walk.......................................... SO would I.
She'd forgotten the address.... SO had I.
Ka/au pernyataan pertama memakai bentuk Simple Present atau Simple Past, maka da/am tanggapannya kita memakai kata kerja pembantu do/does atau did.
Chris likes coffee.............................................. SO does Iwan.
They drive to work........................................... SO do I.
We went home early........................................ SO did everyone else.
Dan masih ingatkah? BAGAIMANA MENYATAKAN PENGERTIAN JUGA TERHADAP KALlMAT NEGATIP CHRIS: Jane can't come tonight. CHRIS: I didn't see that film. IWAN: Don can't EITHER. IWAN: I didn't EITHER. Sekarang
CARA LAIN UNTUK MENYATAKAN PENGERTIAN TERSEBUT
CHRIS: Jane can't come tonight. IWAN: NEITHER can Don. (= Don can't either.)
CHRIS: I didn't see that film. IWAN: NEITHER did I. (= I didn't either.)
