RANCANG R G BANGU UN MESIN PEMBUAT ADO ONAN TERASI B BAHAN B BAKU UD DANG SISSTEM SCREW KAPASSITAS 15 5 [KG/JAM M] LAPORAN TUG GAS AKHIR
Diaajukan untukk Memenuhii Sebagian P Persyaratan d dalam Menyyelesaikan Prograam Pendidikaan Diploma IIII I PERAWATA S SPESIALISAS AN DAN PERB BAIKAN RAM STUDI TTEKNIK MESIN PROGR
Oleh : AGUS SSUPARJO
NIM: 1005 5011006
BUNAIYA AUFA
NIM: 1005 5011019
FAHMII M.A LUBIS
NAZLI RAMADHAN N
5011073 NIM: 1005
DI SUWAND
NIM: 10050110 034
NIM: 1005 5011097
JURUSSAN TEKNIK MESSIN POLITEK KNIK NEG GERI MED DAN MEDA AN 2013 3
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman SPESIFIKASI TUGAS AKHIR……………………………………………. ii LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................. iii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. iv KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... v DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xii INTISARI .......................................................................................................... xiii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1 A. Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 1 B. Perumusan Masalah .......................................................................... 2 C. Tujuan ............................................................................................... 2 D. Manfaat ............................................................................................. 2 E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................ 3
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ........................................................................... 4 A. Teori Dasar Tentang Mesin Penggiling ............................................ 4 B. Prinsip Kerja Mesin .......................................................................... 6 C. Teori Dasar Perhitungan Elemen-elemen Mesin .............................. 7 1. Perencanaan daya motor ............................................................. 7 2. Poros............................................................................................ 8 3. Pasak ........................................................................................... 10 4. Bantalan ...................................................................................... 11 5. Kopling tak tetap ......................................................................... 12 6. Sabuk ........................................................................................... 13 7. Pulli ............................................................................................. 15
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8. Reducer speed ............................................................................. 16 9. Rancanagan baut pengikat........................................................... 17
BAB III PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................. 18 A. Komponen-Komponen Mesin yang Direncanakan ........................... 18 B. Perhitungan Komponen Utama Mesin .............................................. 19 1. Screw press ................................................................................. 19 2. Poros............................................................................................ 26 3. Kopling........................................................................................ 30 4. Perhitungan pulli dan sabuk ........................................................ 33 5. Perhitungan kekuatan rangka ...................................................... 35 6. Kesimpulan elemen yang di hitung ............................................. 37
BAB IV PROSES PEMBUATAN DAN ANALISA BIAYA ......................... 38 A. Proses Pembuatan Mesin .................................................................. 38 1. Rangka mesin .............................................................................. 38 2. Tabung screw press ..................................................................... 39 3. Screw press ................................................................................. 39 4. Hopper ......................................................................................... 40 5. Saringan keluar............................................................................ 41 6. Pisau ............................................................................................ 42 B. Analisa Biaya .................................................................................... 42 1. Biaya material ............................................................................. 42 2. Biaya pembuatan ......................................................................... 44 3. Analisa titik impas ...................................................................... 54
BAB V PERAWATAN DAN PERBAIKAN .................................................. 58 A. Perawatan .......................................................................................... 58 B. Perawatan Bagian-Bagian Utama Mesin .......................................... 59 1. Perawatan pisau ........................................................................... 59 2. Perawatan bantalan...................................................................... 59 3. Perawatan pulli dan sabuk........................................................... 59
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4. Perawatan kopling ....................................................................... 60 5. Perawatan reducer speed ............................................................. 60 C. Perbaikan ........................................................................................... 61
BAB VI PENUTUP ........................................................................................... 62 A. Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 62 B. Saran.................................................................................................. 62
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 64 LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman Gambar 1. Dengan Cara Mengiris……………………………….…………….. 4 Gambar 2. Dengan Cara Menumbuk .................................................................. 5 Gambar 3. Dengan Cara Mixer/Blemder ............................................................ 5 Gambar 4. Dengan Cara Screw Press Manual .................................................... 6 Gambar 5. Udang Rebon Sebagai Bahan Baku .................................................. 7 Gambar 6. Cetakan Terasi .................................................................................. 7 Gambar 7. Proses Penjemuran ............................................................................ 7 Gambar 8. Jenis Pasak ........................................................................................ 10 Gambar 9. Kopling Cakar ................................................................................... 12 Gambar 10. Sabuk ............................................................................................... 14 Gambar 11. Pulli. ................................................................................................ 16 Gambar 12. Reducer Speed ................................................................................ 16 Gambar 13. Mesin Pembuat Adonan Terasi. ...................................................... 18 Gambar 14. FBD Diagram. ................................................................................. 27 Gambar 15. Tegangan Sabuk. ............................................................................. 34 Gambar 16. Diagram Aliran Pembuatan Rangka Mesin. .................................... 38 Gambar 17. Diagram Aliran Pembuatan Tabung Screw Press. .......................... 39 Gambar 18. Diagram Aliran Pembuatan Screw Press. ....................................... 39 Gambar 19. Diagram Aliran Pembuatan Hopper. ............................................... 40 Gambar 20. Diagram Aliran Pembuatan Saringan Keluar. ................................. 41 Gambar 21. Diagram Aliran Pembuatan Pisau. .................................................. 42
DAFTAR TABEL
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Tebel 1. Biaya material ...................................................................................... 42 Tabel 2. Biaya Pemakain Listrik ........................................................................ 52
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Rancang Bangun Mesin Pembuat Adonan Terasi Bahan Baku Udang Sistem Screw Kapasitas 15 [kg/jam] INTISARI Terasi merupakan suatu produk awetan udang rebon atau ikan-ikan yang telah diolah melaluai proses penggilingan dan pemeraman atau fermentasi. Untuk mengolah udang rebon menjadi terasi, udang harus melewati proses penggilingan. Selama ini proses pembuatan terasi di masyarakat masih menggunakan cara tradisional yaitu dengan menggunakan alat penumbuk yang terbuat dari kayu, udang rebon akan ditumbuk hingga halus. Proses ini memakan waktu yang lebih lama dan membutuhkan tenaga yang banyak, maka dibuat mesin pembuat adonan terasi dengan tujuan meningkatkan efisiensi waktu dan tenaga. Pada mesin pembuat adonan terasi ini udang akan dimasukkan kedalam hoper lalu masuk kedalam tabung screw press , kemudian screw press akan membawa sekaligus menekan udang ke pisau yang berada di ujung screw press. Pisau lalu memotongmotong udang hingga halus lalu udang yang sudah halus keluar dari saringan yang berada pada tutup depan tabung screw press. Dari perencanaan diperoleh mesin pembuat adonan terasi dengan tenaga 1 Hp dan putaran 1400 rpm. Transmisi sabuk dengan reducer speed 1 : 50 dan putaran screw press 50 rpm. Pada percobaan mesin yang dilakukan didapat efisiensi dari proses penggilingan tersebut 80% udang yang dihaluskan dengan kapasitas 15 kg/jam. Kata kunci : Udang, Terasi, Screw Press, Pisau
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Design of machine Dough Maker Shrimp Paste Raw Shrimp Screw System Capacity 15 [kg/hour] ABSTRACT Condiment is a preserved product rebon shrimp or fish that has been processed through the milling process and curing or fermentation. To process shrimp rebon become condiment, shrimp must pass through the milling process. During the process of making condiment in the community are still using the traditional way of using a pestle made of wood, shrimp rebon be pounded until smooth. This process takes more time and requires a lot of energy, then the making dough condiment machine made with the aim of improving the efficiency of time and energy. In the making dough condiment machine, shrimp condiment will be inserted into the hoper into the tube screw press, then screw press will bring shrimp as well as push the blade in the screw press was at the end. Knife and cut up the shrimp until smooth and delicate shrimp that have been out of the filter that is in front of the tube cap screw press. Obtained from the planning condiment dough making machine with 1 hp power and rotation of 1400 rpm. transmission belt with reducesr speed 1 : 50 and rotation of screw press 50 rpm. In the experiments conducted tools efficiency obtained from the milling process 80% of shrimp were crushed with a capacity of 15 kg / hour. Keywords: Shrimp, Condiment¸ Screw Press, Knife
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