INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND THEIR TRADITIONAL FOREST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EFFECTIVE ROLES OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE ON “REDD+”
Mina Susana Setra - AMAN Director of International Advocacy & Foreign Affairs 3 August 2010
INDONESIA AND REDD+ §
§
The Indonesia-Australia Forest Carbon Partnership, signed on 13 June 2008, to build on and formalize existing long-term practical cooperation between Indonesia and Australia on REDD. It included $30 million for the Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership and a $10 million bilateral support package for Indonesia on forest and Climate. Three key areas are identified: strategic policy dialogue on climate change; increasing Indonesia’s carbon accounting capacity; and identifying and implementing incentive-based REDD demonstration activities. A roadmap for Access International Carbon Markets, Agreed in November 2008. It is “a multi-phased strategy that assisting Indonesia develop the necessary technical, system and financial pre-requisites for participation in future international carbon markets for REDD”
INDONESIA AND REDD+ §
The Kalimantan forests and Climate Partnership (KFCP), describe as the first, large-scale REDD demonstation activity of its kind in Indonesia. Its aim to “demonstrate a credible, equitable and effective approach to REDD, including from the degradation of peatslands,that can inform a post-2012 climate change agreement,… trialling an innovative, market-oriented approach to financing and implementing measures for REDD”. The initial is on an area of more than 100,000 hectare of degraded and forested peatland in Kapuas, Central Kalimantan. The initial aim is to protect 50,000 ha of peat swamp forest, and to rehabilitate a further 50,000 hektare of degraded peatland to create a buffer around the existing forest. The overall target is to preserve up to 70,000 hectare of peat swamp forest and to re-flood, rehabilitate and reforest 200,000 hektares of degraded peatland.
INDONESIA AND REDD+ §
§
§
§
A second REDD demontration activities, which Australia-Indonesia agreed to develop in November 2008. The second demontration activity aims to test different aspects of REDD in a different location and forest type from the Kalimantan pilot. A billateral package of support to Indonesia on forests and climate, to “help Indonesia develop its national Forest Resource Information System and National Carbon Accounting System In Indonesia, to support the development of a national policy framework and strategies for REDD, and to better monitor, manage, and prevent large scale forest fire in Indonesia.” The Agreement signed by the President of Indonesia and Prime Minister of Australia on the Indonesia-Australia Forest Carbon partnership, is available on line at; http://www.climatechange.gov.au/international /publications/pubs/indonesia-australia.pdf. The LoI signed by Indonesia and Norway in May 2010.
t Name
INDONESIA AND REDD+ Location
Region
Total Area
CO2 savings/ year
Key Proponents
Curr
n Emissions from in the Ulu Masen A Triple-Benefit
Ulu Masen Ecosystem, Aceh
SUMATERA
750,000 ha (7,500 km2)
3,300,000 tons
Carbon Conservation; Fauna and Flora International (FFI)???
CCBA audit appro signed betw Conservatio of Aceh; Ter between Ca Merrill Lync agreement Conservatio of Aceh; ver going
ar: Integrated Development, nd Conservation anagement
Riau, Sumatera
SUMATERA
350,000 ha overall landsc ape (4,000 km2)
Est. 3,000,000 tons
Two-phase private sector, government, community and NGO partnership integrating sustainable development, community and conservation. Partnership development in process: Lead by Alliance of NGO partner, community, Leaf Carbon Pty Ltd, Government and APRIL/RAPP
Science basis for manageme conservatio calculation Feasibility s PIN, PDD in finalization Community
Riau, Sumatera
SUMATERA
700,000 ha (7,000 km2)
Unknown
World Wide Fund for Nature
Undertake feasibi and PDD; Id
Project – REDD
Sumatera
SUMATERA
50,000 ha (500 km2)
Unknown
World Wide Fund for Nature
Undertake feasibi and PDD; Id
est Project
Kabupaten Muara Jambi, Sumatera
SUMATERA
101,000 ha (1,010 km2)
Unknown
Burung Indonesia; The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Birdlife International
alue Initiative
Jambi, Sumatera
SUMATERA
250,000 ha
700,000 tons
ERM; The Zoological Society of
ot Project – REDD
Project Informatio
REDD Projects In Indonesia Kuala Kampar Riau seluas 700,000 Ha; WWF •
Tesso Nilo Riau seluas 50,000 Ha; WWF •
Kampar Project seluas 400,000 Ha; Leaf Carbon Ltd. dan APRIL/RAPP •
Ulu Masen Project in Aceh seluas 750,000 ha; Carbon Conservation Pty. Ltd, Flora Fauna International (FFI) Harapan Rainforest, Muara Jambi seluas 101,000 Ha; Burung Indonesia, RSPB, Birdlife •
Berbak, Jambi seluas 250,000 Ha; ERM, ZSL, Taman Nasional Berbak •
Merang REDD Pilot Project (MRP)-South Sumatera, 24,000 Ha, GTZ KalimantanTengah seluas 50,000 Ha, Infinite Earth •
KFCP di Kalimantan Tengah seluas 130.000 Ha, Pemerintah Australia •
Katingan di Kalimantan Tengah, 225,000 Ha, PT RMU &Starling Resources
Kapuas Hulu seluas 57,000 Ha dan Ketapang seluas 157,000 Ha. FFI, PT. Mcquarie Capital
Berau di Kalimantan Timur seluas 971,245 ha, TNC, ICRAF, Sekala, Universitas Mulawarman, WInrock Intl, Univ of Queensland
HOB Pilot Project REDD, 22,000,000 Ha WWF for Nature Malinau di Kalimantan Timur, 260,000 Ha, Global Eco Rescue, INHUTANI II, Pemerintah Kabupaten Malinau
Poigar di Sulawesi Utara seluas 34,989 ha, Green Synergies Mamuju di Sulawesi Barat seluas 30,000 ha Keep the Habitat, Inhutani I UN-REDD, Unknown
Jayapura di Papua seluas -- 217,634 ha, WWF - 40,000 Ha, FFI & Pt. Macquarie Capital Merauke-Mappi- Asmat di Papua, WWF
•
Mawas PCAP di Kalimantan Tengah seluas 364.000 Ha, BOS, Pemerintah Belanda, Shell Canada •
Taman Nasional Sebangau di Kalimantan Tengah seluas 50.000 Ha, WWF, •
Mimika dan Memberamo di Papua seluas 265,000 ha, New Forest Asset Mgt, PT. Emerald Planet
IPs and THEIR TERRITORIES in INDONESIA
AMAN MEMBER (1163; August 2009)
169
56
431
253 147
45 41
INDIGENOUS INDIGENOUS PEOPLES CONCEPT ONLAND LAND : PEOPLES’ CONCEPT LAND IS MOTHER LAND IS BLOOD LAND IS SOUL LAND IS LIFE
Resilience, Adaptation and Mitigation §
§
§
For millennia indigenous peoples have drawn on their traditional knowledge to strengthen their resilience and demonstrate their capacity to cope with climate change. Indigenous peoples do not regard adaptation and mitigation as two separate issues. Indigenous peoples capacities to adapt and mitigate are directly related to how their rights as contained in the UNDRIP are respected.
Resilience, Adaptation and Mitigation Con’t… §
§
§
Bred diverse crops and developed diverse cropping patterns. Sustained communal water management and harvesting systems for drinking and irrigation Sustainable traditional agriculture and agroforestry practices.
EXAMPLES : Territorial Management in Menua Sungai Utik of Iban Peoples, West Kalimantan
Indigenous Territory in the Concept of Dayak Iban In West Kalimantan, Indonesia known as Menua. The management of Menua divided into : • Base on Land Used • Base on Territorial Allocation • Base on Function
EXAMPLES Con’t : Territorial Management in Menua Sungai Utik of Iban Peoples, West Kalimantan
BASE ON LAND USED
EXAMPLES Con’t : Territorial Management in Menua Sungai Utik of Iban Peoples, West Kalimantan
BASED ON TERRITORIAL ALLOCATION
•
•
•
•
4.000 Ha. Protected Areas 2.000 Ha. Reserve Forest 1.600 Ha. Production Forest 1.835,50 Ha. Non Forest Territories
EXAMPLES Con’t : Territorial Management in Menua Sungai Utik of Iban Peoples, West Kalimantan
BASED ON FUNCTION • • •
• •
Farming Areas Hunting Areas Areas for Wood and Herbal/Medicines Collection Reserved Forest Areas for Hunting and Fishing
Other Example : Map of Jelai Hulu District Posisi Kampung 460 000
980 5000
465 000
470000
4750 00
480 000
485 00 0
49000 0
49500 0
500 00 0
PETAPOSISI TATAGUNA LAHAN PETA KAMPUNG/DESA YANG YANGSUDAH SUDAHDIPETAKAN DIPETAKAN DIDIKECAMATAN KECAMATANJELAI JELAIHULU HULU
50500 0
Desa TANGGERANG
Kampung TANJUNG
83.19 75.46 15.20 737.44 1263.61 50.27
Pemukiman Rimba Payak PASIR MAYANG Rimba Bawas Karet 980 00 00 Pemukiman Pekampungan Durian Payak Kopi SUNGAI KIRI Pekampungan Rimba Bawas Karet
7.22 491.27 31.50 5130.69 1096.76 747.40 9.35 52.49 75.37 189.21 16.18 36.20 573.25 635.68 801.67
Tataguna Lahan
Sungai Besar
Pekampungan
Sungai Kecil
Bawas
Rimba
980 0000
Karet
Jalan Batas Kampung
Payak
[%
Kota Kecamatan
Y #
Pusat Kampung
Durian Sungkai
Benatu
Kawasan Pemukiman
# Y
Kopi Pasir Mayang
T O T A L
N Benatu # Y
Skala
0
2
1:50000
4
6
KUSUMAJAYA
8 Kilometers
# Y
Sungai Kiri
Sungai Kiri
979000 0
Pusat System Informasi Geografis PPSDAK Pancur Kasih Pontianak Juni 2008 **HJ
< g pan eta
Lamboi
PERIGI
Air Dua
2.29
Lamboi 978500 0
Bawas Tengkawang Karet Payak Pekampungan Pemukiman Rimba
107.32 8.76 1.97 7.56 439.34 1108.00 57.74 7.19 85.95
175,45 445.52 90,5575.35 3105.41 93.13 495.36 33.84 3233.57
0.02 2,182.30
1,698.20
22,88
52.205,85
Karet Pemukiman Payak Bawas Karet 978500Payak 0 Pemukiman Rimba
2.72
8,76 77,34 7,56
1033.57 44.94 314.86 98.26 136.83 4.58 1.55 16.70 52205.85
28.93 0.35
1.418,95 9.99
Pangkalan Pakit # Y
7,317.40
181,39
5.31 141.85 195.57 393.91 6.70 39.56 1.51 283.71 12394.64 1758.25
PERIGI
2,581.30
18.03
Pemukiman Payak Bawas Karet Kopi Pekampungan Pemukiman Pekampungan Rimba Bawas
K Ke # Y
Persentase
46.95
162.34 801.08 1371.84 102.10 11.48 411.56 71.61 1325.44 1281.05 913.61
BENATU
1,372.80
9.412,97
Rotan TEMBIRUHAN Bawas Karet Payak Pemukiman Rimba AIR DUA Pekampungan Rimba 979000Bawas 0 Karet
BATU BESI
6,247.00
24.511,30
Pemukiman Payak Kemiri Durian Sungkai PENGGRAWAN Bawas Karet Pekampungan 979500Pemukiman 0 Payak
Rotan PENYARANG SETIPAYAN Tengkawang
Total
1.195,98
15.102,72
Kemiri
979500 0
Luas
Pemukiman Pasir Mayang
Sub_total
Pekampungan Payak Tengkawang Bawas Karet Pekampungan
P.PAKIT
Legend
Sub_luas 1537.86 3442.71 13.11 44.36 25.86 910.12 272.98 24.05 386.16 784.17 4.65
LAMBOI
Keterangan
Tataguna Lahan Bawas Karet Rotan Pemukiman Pekampungan Rimba 980 50 00 Payak Rimba Bawas Karet Pemukiman
0.15 0.01 0.34 21,399.27 0.17 0.04
100.00 7,644.50
2,698.00
10,342.58
3,738.80
637,00
15,829.96
20,206.08
257,00
257.90 52,205.85
Air Dua
# Y
Batu Besi
Pangkalan Pakit
# Y
Batu Besi
KABUPATEN KETAPANG Pengrawan # Y
Tanjung
978000 0
Penggrawan
Tembiruhan
KABUPATEN SANGGAU KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA
Tembiruhan
# Y
# Y
978000 0
KABUPATEN SEKADAU
KABUPATEN MELAWI
Sungai Jering
Tanjung
# Y
KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA
Perigi # Y
Batu Menang # Y
Perigi
Kusik Bulin
Setipayan
# Y
PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
S.
Je l ai
9775000
9775000
Kir i
SELAT KARIMATA
# Y
Setipayan
Ke Marau
S. J elai
[ %
< 460 000
465 000
470000
RIAM
Kecamatan Jelai Hulu 4750 00
480 000
485 00 0
49000 0
49500 0
500 00 0
50500 0
L A U T
J A W A
Dayak Jalai Community - Tanjung Village 464000
466000
46800 0
470000
472000
474000
476000
478000
< g an tap Ke Ke
9786000
# Y
Lamboi
9786 000
PETA KAWASAN ADAT KAMPUNG TANJUNG KECAMATAN JELAI HULU
Pangkalan Pakit
Tataguna Lahan di Kampung_kampung yang telah terpetakan di Kecamatan Jelai Hulu
9784 000
9784000
# Y
Bawas Durian Karet Kelampai Kemiri Kopi Payak Pekampungan Pemukiman Rimba Rotan Sungkai
9782 000
97820 00
Tembawang Tengkawang
Pengrawan # Y
Kampung TANJUNG
Tanjung
9780000
Tataguna Lahan
Luas
Bawas Karet Rotan Pemukiman Pekampungan Rimba Payak
9780 000
Total Luas
1537.86 3442.71 13.11 44.36 25.86 910.12 272.98
6,247.00
# Y
Keterangan Sungai Besar S. Jel ai K ir i
Sungai Kecil
Sungai Jering
Jalan Batas Kampung
# Y
% [ Y #
Kota Kecamatan Pusat Kampung Kawasan Pemukiman
Perigi
97780 00
9778000
N
# Y
0
0.5
1
Skala 1:20000 1.5
2
2.5 Kilometers
Digitasi & Layout: Pusat System Informasi Geografis PPSDAK Pancur Kasih Pontianak Juni 2008 **HJ Sumber: PEMETAAN PARTISIPATIF 1998 9776000
97760 00
KABUPATEN KETAPANG KABUPATEN SANGGAU KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA
KABUPATEN SEKADAU
Ke Mara u
KABUPATEN MELAWI
97740 00
KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA
9774000
<
PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH SELAT KARIMATA
Kecamatan Jelai Hulu 464000
466000
46800 0
470000
472000
474000
476000
478000
L A U T
J A W A
Dayak Simpakng Community - Kusik Pakit Village 472000
474000
476000
4780 00
PETA KAWASAN ADAT KAMPUNG SUNGAI KIRI KECAMATAN JELAI HULU
Pasir Mayang
# Y
Tataguna Lahan di Kampung_kampung yang telah terpetakan di Kecamatan Jelai Hulu Bawas Durian Karet Kelampai Kemiri Kopi
9792000
97920 00
Payak Pekampungan Pemukiman Rimba Rotan Sungkai Tembawang Tengkawang
Kampung
Tataguna Lahan
SUNGAI KIRI
# Y
Luas
Pekampungan Rimba Bawas Karet Pemukiman Payak Kemiri Durian Sungkai
Sungai Kiri
Total Luas
36.20 573.25 635.68 801.67 9.99 107.32 8.76 1.97 7.56
2,182.30
Keterangan Sungai Besar Sungai Kecil Jalan
9790000
9790000
Batas Kampung
% [ Y #
Kota Kecamatan Pusat Kampung Kawasan Pemukiman
N
0
0.5
Skala 1:10000 1
1.5 Kilometers
Digitasi & Layout: Pusat System Informasi Geografis PPSDAK Pancur Kasih Pontianak Juni 2008 **HJ Sumber: PEMETAAN PARTISIPATIF 1998
KABUPATEN KETAPANG KABUPATEN SANGGAU KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA
KABUPATEN SEKADAU
9788000
9788000
KABUPATEN MELAWI KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA
PROPINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH SELAT KARIMATA
Kecamatan Jelai Hulu 472000
474000
476000
4780 00
L A U T
J A W A
DAHAS & TONAH COLAP •
Dahas/dahasization and Tonah Colap are main focuses in this research to find out how local wisdoms of indigenous people at these 2 sites are which actually have great potential in absorbing carbon and their contribution in reducing global warming.
SKETCH OF DAHASIZATION FOREST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LAND USE) Note: big circle is dahas, smaller circles are names of areas of management that are in one unity in the system of dahas area management
Lakau Mudaq
Presasak Garden Forest
Pekampongan Forest Presasak Garden Forest
Lakau
DAHAS
Pesa-pingan
Pang-garak Forest
Pandam Pasar Forest
Matuq Jungle Itung Arai Forest
Papulau
Pamaliq Forest
Flora Existing in Dahas Area •
• • • •
•
Types of Productive Wood = approximately 172 types Types of roots = approximately 40 types Types of fruits = approximately 55 types Types of herbs = approximately 30 types Types of Rice in Farm = approximately 18 types Other types of plants planted along with rice in farm = approximately 25 types
Fauna Existing in Dahas Area •
•
•
Hunted Animals living on land = approximately 16 kinds Animals/Caught fish living in River = approximately 33 kinds Hunted Animals living in the air (flying) = approximately 47 kinds.
Tonah Colap •
•
Tonah Colap is customary forest area which is protected based on customary agreement. The types of flora and fauna found are similar to those in Dahas region. Only their names differ due to language difference.
Similarities Between Dahas and Tonah Colap Aspect of Management: 1. Sustainable 2. Preceded with customary rituals 3. Sanction imposed on any breach of agreement of management procedure 4. Both have leadership structure •. Aspect of roles of stakeholders: 1. Equal rights to access between male and female •
Differences Between Dahas & Tonah Colap
Aspect of ownership: Tonah Colap : Communal Dahas : can be communal and individual • Aspect of area: Tonah Colap: 1 area for 1 management area Dahas : 1 united area but many divisions of management area •
CONCLUSION •
•
Indigenous Peoples of Dayak Jalai, Dayak Simpakng, Dayak Iban and other indigenous people are the guardians of forests, lands and water management with sustainable pattern. Indigenous People of Dayak Jalai, Dayak Simpakng and other indigenous people have proven to be able to maintain and manage the natural resources well in line with their social, economic and cultural systems.
“TERIMAKASIH”
Credits Photos : • Rizaldi Siagian • Lilis Suryani, Institute Dayakology • Edy Sutrisno, Sawit Watch • Forest Watch Indonesia • Jimmy, WWF Kalimantan Barat • Rukka Sombolinggi, AMAN • Walhi Kalimantan Barat • Sujarni Alloy, AMAN Kalimantan Barat • Mina Susana Setra, AMAN • Mahir Takaka, AMAN • Mina Susana Setra, AMAN Community Mapping Area Image, JKPP Cartoonist : Alex Tege Art Motifs : Masyarakat Adat Toraya
