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PEMNGKATATTPERANILMU TEKhIIK MESIN T}NTUK KESF^'AHTERAAI\IDAN KEMANDTRIANBANGSA DEWAN REDAKSI PenanggungJawab: h. MuhammadWarliz Wildan, M.Sc., Ph.D.(Ketw Jwusan TeknikMesin dan Indwtri, Fahitas TebdkUGM) h. Suhgro, Ph.D.(Sebetds JurusanTehik tr&esindan In&tstri, Fahiltas TebzikUGM) Panitla Pengarah: Prof. Mulyadi Bur (Se\iend BKS-TM) Ketua Jurusan/DepartemeniProgram Studi Teknik Mesin dalamBKSTM se-Indonesia Ketua: Prof. Hanvin Saptoadi Soknetrrts: Dr. GesangNugroho Bendahara: Dr. Kusmono Ilowan Redalai: Dr. Deendarlianto Dr. Suyiuro Dr. Khasani Dr. MadeMiasa Reviewers: Prof.Ilarwin Saptoadi Dr. Deenddianto Dr. Suyitno Dr. Khasani Dr. MadeMiasa Dr. GesangNugroho Dr. Kusmono Dr.AdhikaW. Thestotements ln dtepapercarethoseof the authors ondnotnecessarily rqed the andopinionexpresxd themselvq Anymentlon of @mpony ortode namedoesnotimplyendorsement oplnion of theeditors andorgonizers. W orgsnizers. Cqyrlght @ 2012 Depanement Mechantcal of EngineertngFoculty, Gadjah Modo Univercity Not to be ommercially reproducd fu any meanswwwt written permissionPrtntedln Yogyalonq Indoneslo,October November2072

ISSN:

23(n- 454,2

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SUST'NAI{ PAI\ITIA Ketua

hof. Harwin Saptoadi

Sekretaris

Dr. GesangNugroho

Bendahara

Dr. Kusmono

Acara

Dr. Joko$/aluyo Dr. Sugiyono Dr. Herianto RyanAnugrahPutra"M.Sc

Publikasi

Dr. Deendarlianto Dr. Khasani Dr. Suyitno Dr. Arif Wibisono Dr. Budi Dhrma

Akomodasi

Dr. Hari Agung Yuniarto Dr. RiniDharmastiti Dr. Made Miasa Dr. MuslimMatrardika

Kegiatm Umtm

Dr. M. A. Brarnantya JanuPardadi,M.T Urip Agus Salim,M.Eng. Budi Arifvianto, M.Biotech

WorlahopMobil Listrik

Dl Jaym Sentanuhady

Nasional

Christin Budiono, S.T Diyah PudakWang

KoordinatorPelaksana

FreddyFrinly Rizki

WakilKoord. Pelaksana

BenjaminBima

Selretdis Pelaksana

Stefuii BertaniaMotto

BendaharaPelaksana

FraneiscaDwi Listyaningsih RaeshifaDiani A

Sie Keselretariatan

Sugiyanto StenlyFransiscus IsnanFajarMuaddin

(Koo0

TikoRidcyS DyahYunitaS Sie Publikasi

AriyantoHemowo

(Koor)

SarraNandaPradana RRPrameswari lCranarafi FarizZul Hilmi SieDisain&Dekorasi

Bayu Semiawan

(Koor)

AkhsantoAnandito Tedy SetyaNugraln SieSponsorship

AhmadZihni

(Koor)

Aldrin Gutama AdzRizlryUjianto FuadArtran SiePerlengkapan

Pasaribu RobertParlindungan

(Koor)

RizkiNuftaAnugratr DhimasFajarAnugrah Farislvlahen&a RidhoRahman Rifqi BustanulF AugustoDwifa

SieAkomodasi&Konsumsi

MohammadAufarRafi M Yusuf Qaradhawi

(Koo0

PutraUtama Satyawhana SieAcara

JihadMMachmud AfianAmi RioAjiNugroho LupanMuhardian

(Koor)

ArfanNmFadilah TeddyMaulana Hendy hdrajaya StefanusEko DwiBudianto NurcahyoDwi Faris FadilUtomo Damai Firdaus FadhelMuharmad Andri Firdaus Arfi DikoAnutup Michael BudiUtomo Yusuf Abdilatr AkbarKusma ImamAhfas GemaAchmadF Bima PrakosoK Aqli IIaq AnandyaRezaP

Sie LombaRancang BangunMesin

:

Gibransyah Putra Moharmad Vicky Ramdhani Wily Rohmat Hidayat WandaAndreas Abshar Parama Putra P

iv

(Koor)

AMul Muiz Yordyan Sistriyantoro RendyMuhammadG Moch. RyanArdiansyah M. Roy l{aqiqi

Wendi Wicalsono Muh. RezaArifin FadhilAhmadQamar

KATA PENGA TTAR

Pembacabudimaru ProceedingsSemirnr NasionalTahunanTeknik Mesin (SNTTIO XI dan Thermofluid lV 2012 me,njnmpaipara pembaca pada penghujrmg tatun 2012 ini. Proceedings SNTTM 2012 dan Thermofluid I\l 2012 men4pakankumpulannakalah penelitianp€s€rtaSNTTM XI dan Thermofluid M012.

Makalahpenelitianparapesertaseminarmeliputi lima bidang,di antaranya:konversimergr,

yang manufaktur, material, mekanika terapan,dan pendidikan telsfk mesin. Selain perkembangian begitu pesat, bidang-bid^ng tersebut menjadi aspek penting yang juga mempengaruhikehidupan manusiadi eramodernini. Proceedingskali ini mempublikasikan360 makalah di antaranya164 makalah pada bidang 47 makalahpadabidang manufaktn, 82 makalahpadabidang material, 58 makalatr konversi €Nr€rgr, pada bidaqg mekanika terapan dan 9 makalah pada bidang pendidikan teknik mesin. Walaupun dikelompokkan dalam lima bidang, makalahmakalah tersebut lcadangtetap saling terkait dengan fokus yang mirip misalnya eirergi, bahan dan lingkun$n. Hal ini memang sesuai dengantujuan SNTTM s€ndiri yang memberikanwawasankomprehensifpadapesertanyatentangfohs tertentudari sudut pandang berbAni bidang. Kiranya proceedingskali ini dapat memberikan gambaran dan wacana,memperluascakrawaladan mengurangirasahausilnu pengetahuanpembaca. SNTIM akan tetap berkomiften untuk merangkum dan menjaring krrya-karya ilmiah di tahm-tahun boiluhya karenaitu" Sl{ffM

dalam bentuk ka$ianteknologi yang dilarasai oleh para penulisnya. Oleh

akan tetap mengundangpara peneliti dan masyarakatumlrm untuk meneliti ddr

mengirim naskahnya.Kritik dan saranandaakanselalukami nantikan. Al&irnya diucapkanselamatme'mbaca.

REDAKSI

vt

DAFTAR ISI Susunan Panitia

It

KataPengantar

v

DafiarIsi ................

vi

A. Ke-vnote Speech GEOTHERMALEITERGYAND ITS FUTI'RB RyuichiITOI.....,...... A STUDYON PULSEDETONATIONENGINE IN JAPAI\I Shigeharu Ohyagi

I ...................... 40

INNOVATIVE JAPANESE WASTE-TO4RNEN PRODUCT TECIINOLOGIES FOR ESTABLISHMENTOF SUSTAINABLAWASTEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMIN DEVELOPINGCOTJNTRIES KunioYoshikawa ...................... 47 B. KorwersiEnergi Split Turbin ScbagaiPembangkit Listrik Tenagr Air Mikrc Darwin Rio Budi syaka,EdwardLeonardDan Dyah Aruwulandari (KE - 002)

Bz

Pengaruh Jarak Antara Katup Dan Tangki PengelakTerhadap Efek Water Hammer JennyDelly, Welly Liku Padang(KE - 003) t7 Perbandingan Performansi Pompa Hydram Dengan Katup Tekrn Modet plat, Membran Dan Bola MadeSumda(KE - 004) ......................... 93 studi Numerik Penambahan Momentum Alirrn Melalui Penggunaan Bluff Rectangular Turbulator (Brt) Di Depan Leading Edge HermanSasongko,Heru Mirmanto, Sutrisno(KE - 005) 100 Numericsl Investigation Of Dynrmic Stall For Non-stationary Two-Dimensional Blade Aidoils G.S.T.A.B*ggq H. Sasongko(KE - 006) 106 Visualisasi Dan Signal PrncessingDari Datn Liquid Hold-Up Aliran Plug Air-Udara Pada Pipa Horizontal Okto Dinaryanto,Naufadhil Widarrriko Indarto,Deendarlianto(KE - 007) l13 Pengukuran Liquid Hold-Up Dan Kecepatan Gelombang Aliran Stratifted Air-Udara PadaPipaHodsontrl Aktmad Zidni Hudaya"Indarto,Deendarlianto( KE 008) lZ0 Analisis Nilai IGlor Bahan Bakar Limbah Padat Flbre Dan Shell Pada Pabrik Kelapa Srwit Di Pt Buana lGrya Bhakti Kalimantan Selatan RachmatSubagyo,I WayanWawanMariki, Rudi Siswanto(KE - 009) 126

vtl

Vartasi Laju Aliren Biogas Pada Sistem Pembilasan Menggunakan Campuran Naoh Dan lf2o Untuk Pemumian BiogasDart Pengotor Co2 I NyomanSupraptaWinay4 PandeMadeKerta Wibawa"IGN Putu Tenaya(KE - 010)... 133 Pengaruh Air Fuel Rntio Terhadap Kecepabn Rambat Api Dan Emisl Gas Buang Berbahan Bakar Lpg Pada Ruang Bakar Model Helle-Shaw Cell I GustiNgurahPutuTenay4I MadeEka Astina, MadeHardiana(KE - 011)................. 138 Karakteristik Semprotan Bahan Bakar BiodiesetPad* SistemInjeksi Common-Rail Ainul Ghurri(KE - 012) ....146 Analisis Perfomansi Pemanas Air Kolekfor Surya Terkonsentnlsi Berbentuk Trapezoidal llengan MlnyakNabati $ebagoiMedla Penyimpan Panas

::: ::::ll:* i T :: :"":*lI:* iYi::::::T:T'lll* ;lJ') Implementation Of Humid Air Turbine For Combined Cycle Power Plant Arka KrisnamurtiAnd I MadeAstina(KE - 016)

... 155

Pemodelan Dan Analisa Energi Yang Dihasilkan Mekanisme Multilayer Piemelectric Vibration Energy Hanesting Akibat Pengaruh Variasi Susunannya Dengan Sistem SuspensiPadaKendaman Wiwiek Hendrowati,Yulia Y. Latumeten,HarusLaksanaGuntur,J. Lubi, I Nyoman Sutantra (KE - 0r7) .......... ...............161 Kajirn TeoritikPembakarrn Arang Kayu Pinus (KE - 018) DanangDwi Saputro, HarwinSaptoadi

....-..........:......................169

I{aji Eksperimental Pemanfaatan Serbuk Gergeji Kayu Den Bubur Kertas Koran SebagaiBahan Isohtor Pada Dlnding Boiler Mlni IsmailTharnrin,PureMandela( I(E - 019) .............177 Perbandingan Efisiensl Dan Ongkos Energi Antara Pembangkit Listrikl)engan Syngas Gasilikasi SekamPadi Dan llengan Bensin Suyitno,MuhammadNizam,Dharmanto,KhamdanMujadi (KE - 020) ......183 Efek Konsentrasi Larutan Pada Kualitas Transparant Conductive OrddeSel Surya T*rinalArifin,Suyitno,AhmadArif Santoso,MirzaYusuf (KE - 021) ........188 Analisa Teknis Dan Ekonomis Penggunsan Dc To Ac Inverter Sebagai Emergency Eneryi Rumah Tangga WitonoHardi,SaidHi Abbas(KE - 022) ................193 Penganrh Isolator Keramik Den PenguJian PegasTerhadep KinerJe Desain Tungku BriketArang BiomassaSystemKontinyu Bcrpengepinn Semi Otomatis I WayanJoniartaDan MadeWi$ana(KE - 024) ......198 Study On Paddy Dryrng Using Husk StoveAs A Heater Drying Air SyukriHimran(KE - 025)

viii

....................204

Potensi Sumber Energi Angin Di Wilayah Pereiran Indonesir Dengen Data Satellite Quikscat DennyWidhiyanuriyawan,MegaNurSasongko,Sudjito(KE-026) ...........208 tr(aji Konservrsi Energi Pemanfaatan Panas Limbah Proses Dyeing, Drying Dan Stentering Pabrik Tekstil FachriKoeshardono,IndradjodiKusumoDanHendi Riyanto(K8027) .....212 Studi Lapisan Batas Aliren Flulda Melalui Selinder Persegi Nasaruddin Salam.(KE - 030)

..............218

Penggaruh glmlnh Sudu Tertadap Karakterfuttk Putrran Turbln Angin Horisontal Dengan Menggunakan Metode Simulasi Blade Element Momentum RidwayBalaka,JennyDelly, Aditya Rachman,YuspianGunawan( KE - 03It. .............225 PengaruhVariasi Sudut Kemiringen SegitigaPenghalangTerhadap Koelisien Drag Padr Silinder Tista,MadeRickiMurti, I WayanSugiharta.G SiPutuGedeGunawan {KE- 033) .......230 Studi NumerikAliran Udem Dalrm Plenum SistemDistribusi Alimn Udera Toto Supriyono,BambangAriantara.(KE - 034)

... 235

Kondisi-Kondisi Behs Untuk Model Numerik Beda Hingga $cmi Implisit 3D Ams Bawah lAut dl Selat Bangka, Minahosa Utara, SulaweeiUtara Parabelem T.D. Rompas.(KE- 035) .......... ............240 Studi Eksperimen Mengenai Pengamh Par:ameterFundamental Tctadnp Pola Aliran Micnobubble (KE - 036) .......... AhmadTohani,AnggitaGigb Dee,ndarlianto. ................246 Deteksi Kebocoran Pipa Aliren Dus FasePlug Menggunakln Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan

(JsT) Budi Surtoso,Indarto,Deendarlianto danThomasS. Widodo.(KE - 037) ................... 252 DesainTurbin Goprak NovandriTri Setioputro(KE- 038)

.......258

Studi Eksperimental Optimasi PosfuiAksial Bole Peial pada Microbubble Generator GigilL A. Tohani,Deendarlianto,Wirahi, Alva Edi Tontowi ,Adhika W. ( KE - 039)...266 Performance Water WheelsPlate Under Flow with Vadation Number of Blade ....272 LutherSule.(KE - 040) Krrakterisasi Alirrn Plag $earahKe Atas Dari CampuranUdare den Cairan Kental (Air- CMC) 0,1wt o/odlan0prto/o ..................2268 B. A. Pramudita,E J.WibowoDanIndarto.(KE - 041) ..........

tx

Karakterilrtik Bilrngan Reynold pada Celrrh Sempit Rektrngular Berdasarkan Variasi Temperatur Air Pendlnginan. Saepudin,Mulya Juarsa,Yogi SirodzGaos,BambangHertt"Joko Prasetio,Hadi Kusuma,Edi ............279 Matzuki(KE - 042) Pemanfnatan Panas Ruang Bakar Untuk Menumnkan Viskositrs Minyak Nabati Mumi Pengganti Bahen Bakar Fosil Motor Diesel Iman KartolaksonoReksowardojooNma Surjanq Doan Khac Dinh, Athol JamesKilgour, (KE - 043) .......... ...,...........285 WirantoArismunandar. Konsep PengembanganMekanlsme Single Rail Untuk Perubahrn Buknrn Ketup Pada Single Camshaft JuliusAntoni danDanardonoAS. (KE - 0M) .........291 KarakteristikPembakaran Campurrn Etrnol- n-Heptan dalam Meso-scaleCombustor Dr. Eng.Lilis Yuliati, ST,MT. (KE - 045) .............295 Pengamh Volume Runng Bakar Terhadap KinerJa Mesin PulseJet Lambertus Dwi Setiawan, ST.(KE - 046)

...............301

Efek Perubahan Aliran Gas Buang Dahm Knalpot Mesin Ifupal l0 HP YanuardanMartinusPutra.(KE - 048) ...................306 Pengujian Campuran Bahan Bakar Mlnyak Plastik Pada Motor Bensin Zulfiati,AhmadKholil" Eko Arif Syaefuddin.(KE - 053)

.........312

Pengujian Campuran Bahan Bakar Minyak Plastik Pada Motor Dierel ............................319 Zulfiatr,AhmadKholil, EkoArif Syaeftddin.(KE - 054) Pengamh Variasi Sudut Lubang Bafile Dan Jarak Tembak Nosel Terhadap Gaye ImpakUntukAkselemsi Partlkel Dna PadaGeneGun DanardonoAl, M. Satrio Utomo, SoniaTzarinaGS, FeraIbrahim, BudimanBela, Silvi (KE

- 0s6)

...............32s

Kajian Pengaruh Kondisi Operrsi Wet Gas Cleaner Tertedap Jumlah l(andungan Tar Dan Temperatur Producer G*s l{asit Gasifilcsi Blomssss ...............333 Adi SurjosatyodanHary DanielSianipar.(KE - 060) A Decign Optimization of Vortex Generetor for Mixing Quality Impnovement of e Gas Mixer for SyngasEngine Using Three-DimensionalCFD Modeling. ...338 D. Danardono(KE - 062) IGjtan Eksperimenhl trlashbeck Flame Peda Bunsen Bumer Dengan Bahan Bakar Lpg .......343 I MadeKartikaDhipuha Immuel. (KE - 063) Kajinn Eksperimental Safety Ball @ola Gotri) Dalrm Regulator Gns Tekanen Rendah Pade SistemCetu Bahan Bekar Kompor Gas LPG .................34E I MadeKartikaDhiputra"DeaAdreanni.(KE - 064)

Studi Etapcrimental KarrkteristikAllran Dua Fasa Gas Lpg Terkait FenomenaVapor LockPada SlstemCatu Bahrn BakarKompor Gas (KE- 0651 I MadeKartikaDhiputra'Karyadi Gunawan ................353 Pengeruh Kandungan Co2 Terhadap KarakteristikPembakaran Stoikhiometri Biogas

:::::::::i::)-"-I:3:_Y*_Y-1"**:'*':.Y""":::1lT " Pembuatan Kokas Batubara Per"lngkntRendahMusi Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan TeguhBudi. SA.(KE - 068) .................3G2 Engine Per{oruance rnd Oit Analysis of Biodiesel from Virgin Coconut Oil in Ditferent Catalyst (KE - 069) AnnisaBhikuning. ..............367 Simulasi Numerik Sistem Injeksi Bertingkat Pada Ruang Baknr Mesin Dieeel Cateraillar34t6. BambangSudarmanta" Soeharto,Sampurno.(KE - 070) ...........374 Penerapan Termoelektrik Modul Peltier Dengan Fin SejaJar Pada Exhaust Manifold SepedaMotor. DyahArum Wulandari,MT., SugengSutisna"danWardoyo,MT. ( KE - 071) ............381 PengembanganSistemPengukuran DensitasOptik Asap Kebakaran Tito AprianodanYuliaotoSulistyoNugroho.( KE - 074) ..........

.................382

Analisa CFD Pada Pengaruh Geometri Nosel Terhadap Performa Stirm Ejector TonySuryoUtomo.(KE - 075) ............393 Kafi Eksperimental Sistem Pemsnas Air surya Menggunakan Kolektor Yang Dilengkapi Material Penyimpan Panas Zatni,HamdanidanAhmadSyuhada.(KE - 078) ...398 Peningkatan Eftsiensl Photovoltaic Dengan Penggunaan Sistem Cpv (Concentrating PhotovoltelclMirmr WidyaWiiayanti,BatndtuL Lilis Yuliati.(KE - 079) .......... .....403 Simulasi Pengaruh Chiralitas CNT pada l&pasitas Penyimpanan Hidrcgen dengan Menggunakrn Program I"AMMPS Supriyadi, Nasruddin, EngkosA. Kosasih,Mardi Santoso. ( KE - 080)..........................407 Studi Etrsper{mentrl Per{orma Mein Pendingin Pada LrboratoriumTeknik Mesin Universihs Kheirun Temate. SaidHi.Abbas,LitaA. tatif. (KE - 081) .........-......413 Simulssi Dinamika Molekular Adsorpsi Hidrogen pada Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Dengan Variasi PanJang. Nasruddina,EngkosA. Kosasih,AhmadDzulfsrhmi,Supriyadi.(KE - 082) ...................421

xl

PengembanganAlat Cryosurgery Prutotipe V BerbasisTermoelektrik Bertingkat NandyPufiq WayanNataSeptiadi,RidhokwansyaluBimo Sakti(KE-0E3).................433 Pengaruh Penambahan Modul Termoelektrik Generator Pada Daya Kelueran Hybrid Solar Cell .............440 NandyPutq WayanNataSeptiadi,AnnisaNunrlianthy(K8 084) Efek Perbedaan Diameter Plpa dan Beda Ketinggian Terhadap Rugi Teknnan di SepanjangPipa SelamaAliran Sirkulosi Alamirh MochamadFarid, Yogi Sirodz Gaos, Edi Marzuki, Mulya Juarsa"Budi GusnawanJuarsa, ...........446 RizqiFaisalMuttaqin(KF'0S5) Studi Komparasi Unjuk Kerjr Turbin Gas Centrur 40 Dengan Satnm 10 454 ................... KhairulMuhajir(KE-0S6) Pengaruh Geometri Evaporator Tertadap Tekanan Dan Temperatur Pada Siklus Refrigerasl Uap Standar ...................461 Kennedy.MKhairil Anwar,Ari Surianto(Ks,087) Efek Tekanan Awal Drtver Sectionterhadap Kamkteristik Gelombang Detonasipada Kondisi Inisiasi Langsung Dengan Bahan Bakar Campuran Liqullted Petnoleum Gas Dan Oksigen ...................468 Eswanto(KE-088) JayanSentanuhady, Simulasi Den PerancanganPendingfu Adsotpsi Intemitten Skdr Ifucit IndraGunawandanI MadeAstina(K8 089)

..........475

Pendingin Ifubin Mobil BerbasisTemoelektrik Rizki RajabFriangan(IG-090) ................4E5 Imansyahlbnu Hakim, SandyaPriyambada, Unjuk Kerja Turbin Angin 10 KW Pada Unit Pengolahan Ikan Sknla Kecil Desa Lancang Kabupaten Pidie Jaya .............492 llyas, Rudi Kurniawan(KE-091) Hamdani,Inransyafu Emulsion Fuel forDiesel Engines A.RiantoS, MadeSuardjaja(KE-092) Greg.Harjanto, Briket Daun Kertng SebagaiSumber Energi Alternatif Effendy Arif, Lydia Salam,Ariyanto, andFredy.B(KE-093)

..............497 ...507

$tudi Eksperimental Dan Numerikal Tentang Pengaruh Sudut Putnr Pada Tingkat h"isanSilinderSirkulerTerhadap Gaya Drag Dan Gaya Lift. .................514 Ayub (KE-095)............. MuhamadJamaaludin AstuPudjanarsa, Analisa Numerik Model Turbulen Aliran Campuran Udara Dan Hot Egr Pada Intake Manifold Mesin Diesel ...-521 Syaiful,TommyHendarto(KE-097)

xtl

Pcngamh Dimensi Pipa Kepiler dan Massa Refrigeran yang Digunekan Terhadap Unfuk KerJa Mcsin Refrigerasi Evaporator Ganda untuk Pengawetanlkan MatheusM. Dwinanto,Hari RarindodanJonri Lomi Ga (KE-098) .............528 Anrlisis Tentang Temperatur Pengeringan Untuk Mendapatkan lfasil Terbaik Dalam PnoscscoalUpgrading Technoligy (Cnt) Dr. h. Toto HardiantooProf. Dr. k. Aryadi Suwono, Dr. Willy Adriansyatr ST, Dr. h. P. Tandian,danWillemLawrenceST.(KE-099) ................ NathanaEl .........533 Karakterisssi AIat Penukar I(alor Bcrdrssrkln Perubahan Lriu Alinan Air dan TemperaturAir Pendlngin dt sisi Primer Untai Uii BETA Suhendra,Yogi Sirodz Gaos,Mulya Juarsa,Edi Marzuki, Hendro CahyonoTC, M. Hadi Kusuma,JokoPrasetyoWitoko,G HenrBII Erwin Gunawan,Saefudin(KE-101).......538 Adsorpsi Isosterik Metana Bertekanan Tinggi Pada Karbon Aktif dengan Penamlan Model T6th Awaludin Martin, Banbang Suryawan,MuhammadIdrus Alhamid Nasruddin(KE-102) 545 Simulasi Perpindahrn Panas Konveksi Alamirah Dalam Kotak Dengrn Pemlnlsan LokdDari Baweh Menggunaksn SkemeKompak ..................551 E.P.BITDIANA,P.J.WIDODOandS.A.SAPUTRO(KE-103) Analisis Perpindahan Kalor pada Pre-Heater di Untai Uji Beta Berdrsarkan Perbedaan Variasi Laju Aliran Air dl Slsi Pdmer Envin Gunawan,Yogi SirodzGaos,Mulya Juarsa,HendroTjatrjono,M. Iladi Kusuma"Joko PrasetyoWitoko, G. Heru,Suhendra(KE-104) ......556 Pengaruh Konveksi Paksa Terhadap Uujuk KerJa Ruang Pe{ering Pada Alat Penger{ngIftkao Tenaga Surya Pelat Bersirip Longitudinal Harmen,A. Muhilal(KE-105) ..............563 Perpindahan Panas-lVlassa, Judul : Studi Eksperimental Perpindehan Panas Konveksi PeksaDiantara Fin Muh. SetiawanSukardin(KE-108) .......569 PengembanganMetode untuk Implementasi CFD pade Analiefu Penukar Panas Pipa Bersirip Skdr Industri denganMenggunakan Komputer BerkapasitasTbrbatas NathanaelP.Timdian,AgungDwi Susanto,danEksaBagasPrasasti(KE - 1@) ...........574 StudlEksperlmenKotakDlnglnpadaSepedaMotor sebagaiPembawaVaksin AyubNugroho(KE- 110) NugrohoYoga,AamAmaningsih,

......580

Pengembangan SistemPengerlngHlbridaEnergiSurya-Blomassa Untuk Pengeringlkan DanMuhammad Zulfri(KE .....................585 Syamsul BahriWidodo - 112)........ AnalisisDistrlbusiTekananDalamCelahSempitRektangularBerdasarkanVariasi TemperaturAlrMasukanMer4gunakanFluent6.3

EdiManuki,Mulya AdeAmruloh,YogiSirodzGaos,MuhamadSubekti,M. HadiKusuma, ....590 (KE- 113) M. AgusPururanto Juarsa, Visualizadon, Mapping Flow Patterns, Plug Lenglh And Plug Velocity Meesurement ForAirWaterDownwerd Tbo PhaseFlow In Vertical Pipe .....597 F.S.Kusumq B. Pukuh,AndIndarto(KE - 114) Unfuk KeriaModelTurbin Antin Bersuduloopwlng DenganVariasiSudutTekuk .-......601 (KE - 115) Hermawan RugiTekananPadaCelahSempltRehangularBerdasarkanVarlaslTemperaturAir Masukan YogiSirodz JhonFrediSianturi,MulyaJuarsa,BambangHeru,JokoPrasetio,HadiKusuma, .................506 Gaos,EdiMarzuki(KE- 116) AnallsisDlstrlbusiKecepatanAliran Air MasukanPadaCelahSempitRektangular Variasilaiu Alir MenggunakanFluent6.3 Berdasarkan Mulyoluarco,Ade MuhamadAgusPuwonto,YogiSirodzGaos,MuhamddSubeki,M. HodiKusuma, .......614 117).......... Amruloh{KERancangBangunGeneratorMagnetPermanenTlpeFlukslAkslalUntukTurtln Angln SumbuVertlkal Mulyono,Mw Aksan,DimasS tKE- 119)..........-..............622 TrihonoSewoyo,Ali Saifullah, KomparasiKarakterlstikModelTurbulenPadaAliran BlowerPadaTurbinGasMlkro BloenerglProtoX-2 ..............528 Darmowa4Budiorso(KE- 220) Ahmadlndra Siswantara,Steven l{anofluidsUsing ModellingThermalConducivfi EnhancementOf MetallicOxide-Based DlmenslonalAnalysis ..................634 'L22l Yanuar(KE S.Kamal,Suhanan, B.Kristiawan, KinerialJguldtAGos E|ector Studi EkperimentalPengaruhPosisittlozzle-ThroatTerhadap .............-.....641 DaruSugati,Indarto,Purnomo,Sutrisno(KE- 124) Analisis Per{ormansi Pompa Sentrifugal Terhadap Krpasitas Crude OII-WatetF'Iow .........-..645 EflitaYohana,KhaerulAmriArdhelas,FatihKhamdani(KE - 125) Studt Eksperimenbl Kinerja Thrbin Afir Archimedes HernranBudi HarjA Halim Abdurrachim,Sigit Yoewono'Hendi Riyanto(KE - I 26) .....653 Anrlisis Flutter Bilah Rotor llelikopter Dongan Pendekatan Aercdinamtkr Quasi' SteadyDan UnsteadyPada Kondisl Terbang Maiu IsmoyoHaryantor,AchmadWidodo,Rusnaldy,Toni Prahasto(KE - 127) .....................659

PengaruhJumlahSuduPengarahJenlsAlrfollTerhadapKeruglanHeodPadaBelokanPlpa SlametWahyudi,Fikrul AkbarA, Djoko Sutikno,YunusHadi Kusuma(KE - 130) .......667 InterfacialEehaviorOf Steam{ondensaterlro PhaseFlow ln A HorizontalPlpe(Perllaku Antar-MukaAllran Dua-Fasa Uap-Kondensat Di DalamPlpaHorlsontal| Sukamta,Indarto,Purnomo,Tri AgungRohmat(KE- 131) ........673 OplmallsaslPemanfaatanBioetanolPadaMotor BakarBenslnMelalui Modlflkasl CompresslonRotlo(Crl Dan Air FuelRatio(Afr)tOgfi.lnallt'ttllzadonBio EthanolOn Petrol (Cr) AndAlr FuelRado(Afr)l EnglneThroughtfiodndon Of Corryresbn RorJo AgusSujono(KE- 133) .......679 Studi Eksperimental Penganrh Rasio Sumbatan Terhadap Keefekfifrn Dan Koefisien Penurunan lbkrnan Berkas Pipa Etiptik SusunanBensellng Budi Utomo Kuleh Widodo,SamsulKamal"Suhanan,I Made Suardjaja(KE - 134) ....684 PerhitunganCoolingDegreeDays(CddlUntukWllayahBandaraSoekamoHatta Cengkareng{Calculation Of CoollngDegreeDays(Gld} ForThe SoekarnoHattaCengkareng} Budihardjo, RusdyMalin,M. ldrusAlhamid(KE- 135) ...............689 FluksTermalPadaKondensaslDalamPorousMedia DenganMempertlmbangkan TemperaturSekitar Eko Siswanto(KE - 136) Eksperimen Pengering Semprct Untuk Air Dan Air Gelarm2o/o EngkosAchmadKosasih(KE137)

....701

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..........7L9

Uji Krrakteristik Dan Efisiensi Generetor Gas H2o2Jenis lVet Cell 6 Rurng HarusLaksanaGuntur,Iqbal WatryudinDan Fariz Hidayat (KE - 1,,$4) .......725 DistrlbusiTemperaturDua-DimensiPadaPelatRektangularSelamaPemanasanRadiasi MenggunakanBagianUii Heating-02 lwanKurniawan, MulyaJuarsa, Susyadi, YogiSirodzG, EdiManuki (KE- 146).............-.730

xv

Rnncang Bangun Komlmr Briket Betubarl Berpementik Api Untuk Memudahknn PnosesPenyalaan Awal @esign And Manufaktur The lgniter-Corl Stove For Easy Pre Heating Processing) .........735 WalryuP.Ratrarjo(KE - 148) JokoTriyono,RendyAdhiRachmanto, DesainDan Penguiien Model Sedertana Penger{ngMakenen Berbasb Rrdiasi Gel,ombangUltrffionik .......741 Meifat Ruslf, Mulyadi Bur DanToniYuhandri(KE - 149) The Effsct Of Gap Sir.eTo Ccfl tn Rectangular Narrow Channel For Double Herted Chase NandyPutr4 Raldi ArtonoKoestoer,AnharRizeA (KE - 150) ..............747 Mulya Juarsa" Model ltfiatemrtls Perpindehan Psnas Peda Tebung Vakum (The MathemattsEqtodon OtHed Transfer To VacurmtTube) ..........-753 Mulyono(KE - l5l) PenguJian Refrigeran Alsmi Campuren Rl70 dan R744 dengan Alat Ekspansi Pipa Kapiler peda SistemRefrigerasi CascadeSirkuit TempenaturRendah ..-766 danArnas(KE- 152) M. ldrusAlhamid,DanrinR.BudiSyaka Nasruddin, Unjuk Kerje Scraper Blille Evaporator llrm Orbinl Rod Evaporutor prdla lce Slurry GenerutorBerbahanDasarAir Laut (KE - 153) ...........770 MachNowiali, HelmiD. Ardiansyah AgusS.Pamitran, PengaruhVarlasiKosentrasiLarutanTerhadapPerformanslSistemReffierasi Absorpsi Alr-Ammonia ...776 DennyW.M (KE- 154) Suarnadwipa, BesarSudutStafic RadlalFlnMlxerTerhadapUnjuk KeriaAlat Penukar PengaruhVariasi Kalor ....781 P.U. (KE- 155) Purnami,SlametWahyudi,RezaMaharajasa Studi Eksper{mental Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Dengen Pipa Kalor Sebagai PenghanterPanas ...........787 A. Riorti, I. Al-Ghozali,Andriyatin,Risval(KE - 157) R. Subarkah, UlangpadaOll CoolerMenggunakanMetode KernuntukPeningkatan Perancangan tGpasitasPendinglnandan EfisiensiBiayaOEMdl PLTUBukit Asam ......-.........791 YogiSirodzGaos,CandraDamisWidiawati(KE - 158) lmplernentasiPengukuranTar PadaFixedBedDowndraftGaslffer danJhibril{KE - 160) Adisurjosatyo pengeringanPastaGambfu(ltncafio Gombir Roxb)denganMenggunakanKulkas xvi

....-796

AdjarPratoto& SyamsulHuda(KE- 161)

................801

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.............849

Aliran Melintrsi Sllinder Teriris Tipe-D dengan Stndi Eksperimental lbnlrterisitik sudut Pengidsan (0s) = 530Telsusun SecgraSide by Side di Dekat Dinding Datan WawanAriesWidodotKE- 172l-....................853 TriyogiYuwono, Daryanto, Suprapto,Eka KarakteristlkDragpadatapls BatasTurbulendiatasPelatDatarBeralur

S.Rijal,dan EriesPZ.(KE- 173) Sutardi,M. Ersyad,

...................858

Penggunaan Diftrser Pada Thrbin Angin Porcs Horisontal Di Daenoh Pemuhiman Dengan Berbagri Varirsi Geomeffi ....864 WarjitodanAgusIrawan(KE - 176) Studi Eksperimen Pcngurangan Intensitas Turbulensi dengan PenempatanSereenpailaOpenArcdt Snbsonb Wnd trnnel (*Stdi Kasus S*een Berdlrmeter 0,7 mm dan I mm serte Konfigurasi Penempatannya' WawanAriesWidodo,AndiSoviyana,IsBunyaminSuryo(KE - 177) .......870 Thermoacoustieheat pumping dircction changeby acoustlcfield slterrtion Adhits Widyaparaga, E. Noda,T. Koshimizu"M. Kohn Y. Takata(KE - 178)..............877 Studi Eksperimental Pendingin Adsorpsi Amonia-CaClr Energi Surya @xpedmental Study Of Solar Dnergy Ammonia{aClz Adsorbtion Refi{geration) ....................883 I GastiKetutPuja,Ftl. RusdiSanpada(KE' 179) KajianKondisiPerancangan Udaraluar Jakadauntuk Perancangan SlstemTataUdara M. IdnrsAlhamr4 BudiharjoDan Ruli Nufanta (KE - I 80) .....889 Perbandingan Pmses Pengeringan Beku Yakum pada Tekanan Diatas dan Dibawah Tekanan Tiiple Point pada Tentacle[Jbunubur MuhamadYuliato, M. IdrusAlhamid"Nasruddin,danEngkosA. Kosasih{KE - 181) ... 893 Studi EksperlmentalPendinginAbsorpsiAmonia-AirEnergfSurya Erpcrimenbl Study Of Solar Energr Ammonia-Water Absoration Reftigeration FA. RusdiSamboda, I GastiKetutPuja(KE - 182) ....................898 AnallsaPengaruhPerubahanTemperaturterhadapProsesAdsorpsidan Kapasitas PenyerapanHidrogenpadalhrbon Aktif GranularBerbahanDasarBatu Bara(Analyslsof the Effectof Temperatureto HydrogenAdsorption lsothermal Processand Adsorption Capacityof GranularAc$vatedCarbon CoalDerlved) .................903 Nasruddin, Daniel(KE - 183) PemakalanCameraInfrareduntuk MencarlTenperatur Tertinggi(MedlaAir dan Mlnyak KefapaSawit| rnda OrganicRonklneClcle dengEnKonsentratorParabollkMatahari (KE- 1841........... ...................911 RuliNutrantaM. ldrusAlhamdidanNasrudin PemanfaatanPower lllindow Mobil Untuk MeningkatkanUniuk Keria PanelSurya DenganDasarKeriaSunTrackingMenggunakanMikrokontroler Remons. .................918 DPP(KE- 185) SamsulKamal,Brahmantya

xv||l

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..................936

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IPGToroidalTankwith RadlolFlush NonlinearFiniteElementAnalysisof Pressurized l[ozzle .............957 AsnawiLubis,AlrmadSuudi,dan NovriTanti,,{KE - 190) Peryaruh Penggunaanlbntrol Aki:ttSynthetlcJetterhadaeDrug Aerodlnamika pp,daBlufr BodyModelKendaraan .....962 Budiarso,Harinaldi,RustanTlaral*a(KE- 192\ CFDTime Evolutionof HeatTransferAroundA Bundleof TubesIn StaggeredConflguration ...............................969 G.S.T.A.B*ggq W.A.Widodo(KE - 193) Karalrteristlk PendinginanPadalleat Sink MenggunekanMetodeJet Sintetik Alirsn Silang DengenVarlasi Elcittsi Harinaldi , EngkosA KosasihnDamoraRhakasywi,Arief Randy, Aldy Andika (KE - 194) 975 PengaruhJarakTumbukanTerhadaplGrakteristikPerpindahanPanasKonvektifDengan TumbukanJetSintetik Harinaldi, EngkosA KosasiluDamoraRhakasywi,ChristoforusDeberland(KE - 195)..982 Kinerja Perilaku Arah Kendarmn Dengan Kontnol Toni Pada Confrnrmus Vafiable Trannissbn System(Cvts) .............989 IKetutAdiAtmika(KE- 196) Karalrterlstiktaiu AliranAir SelamaProsesPendinginanBerdasarkanPerbedaanWarna taplsanFilm PadaSistemSolarThermal YogiSirodzGaos, Resmana, Wijaya,AkhromAryady,Indra Hasanudin JanuarAkbar, ....994 Mulyaluarsa,EdiManuki tKE- 199) PerpipaanGasDenganMetode Newton-Raphson Model SimulaslJarlngan .....................999 JokoWaluyodan AgungTtitaksana(KE-200)

Kr-rm

ProceedingSeminarNasionalTahunanTeknikMesin Xl (SNTTMXl) & ThermofluidlV UnivercitasGadjah Mada (UGM),Yogyakarta,16-17 Oktober2012

Nonlinear Finite ElementAnalysis of PressurizedLPG TonoidalTank with Radial Flush Nozle Asnawi Lubisl, Ahmad Suudi,danNowi Tkrnti Lampung Mesin,FakultasTeknihUniversitas JurusanTeknik No.l BardarLampung,35145 Soemantri Brojonegoro JalanProfessor tEmail:[email protected]

Abstrect This paper reports a nonlinear finite ele,mentmalysis of pressurizedcircular toroidal t-nk with radial flush cylin&ical nozzleusedfot gasfuel tank of personalcar. The analysisdeterrrinesthe position of radial cylindrical nonle that gives the highest limit pressure.Toroidal tank having volume of 45 liters and radius ratio of 3 were usedin this analysis.Cllindrical nonle of 12.5mm diameterand l0 mm height was attachedin radial direction of toroidal crosssection.The position of nozzlewas checkedfor five points: extrados,450from exhados,crou'n, 450 from crown, and inhados.The ma:rimumapplied intemal pressurewas 1.5times pressurrto yield. Limits pressurc were obtainedvia nonlinear finite el€mentanalysisusrngthe well-known Newton-Raphsonalgorithm with large deformation. It was formd that the best desigt for nozzle position, indicated by the highest limit pressure,is locatedat the extados. For any circumstances,nozzlecan be locatedbetwee,nextradosand crow& but shouldnot be locatedbetwesncrown and intrados.This result conformsto the membranetheory that the highest stess in toroidal shell under internalpressur€occurcat intradosand nozzleshall not be locatednext to that location finiteelemeNrt analysis toroidaltanh limit pressure, Kcywords:pressurized Introductlon In order to reduce the subsidy of oil fuel, the govennent of Indonesia ty to initiate conversion program fiom oil fuel (BBM) to gas fuel (BBG) for personalcars.For long term, this third option (first to limit the usageof oil fuel secondto increasethe price of oil fuel) is very appropriate. However, the govermentof Indonesianeedsto build infrastnrctwes and technolory before applying this optior; particulrly public accessto gas fuel (SPBU) and convsrsionkit fr,omoil fuel to gasfuel. One of the componentsof combustionsyste'mthat needsto be redesignedis fuel Ank. Fuel tank for gas asa pressurevesselmustbe designedcarefully aginst burst type failure. Perfest desip need to be done to avoid explosion. From economic point of vieq toroidal shapeis the most appropriateshapefot cr's fuel tank. By classicalmechanics,it can also easilybe proofthattoroidaltankcanwiftstandinternalpressrne load much higher than an equivalent cylindrical, spherical or conical shape.Here, toroidal tank is proposedfor gasfuel tank of personalcrs. The study of satic dan dpamic behaviorn of toroidal shell had been carried out by many resanchers.Free vibration analysisi of two toroidal shellhadbeeircaniedout by Tzou danWang(2003)to contol the vibratiqr oftoroidal slrell sfruc'trremd to erhance its accwacy and reliability. Jiang dan Rdekop (2003) canied out analysis of static dan

dynamic charecteristicsof ortlrotropic toroidal shells of variable thicknessand obtainedsolution basedon the shell equations of Sanders-Budiansky. Experimental limit g)dcmal pr€ssuretests had been carried out on threetonoidaltanks by Btachrf (2003), two of the tan*s were fabnicatedfrom mild stel by spinningtwo part oftoroidal andweldedat its intrados and extrados,while another one was fabricated by welding circumferentially four gOdegree elbows. Sfiess and strain analysisof LPCI toroidal tat*s had been canied out by Velickovic QW7) using finite element mettrod. Kisioglu (2009) is one of few researcherwho had canied out investiggtionon limit pressureoftoroidal tark of LPG storagefor vehicle in Turkey. Strengthdesignof toroidal tank for LPG 3kg was reportedby Lubis (201l) and Lubis, et al Q0l2). To the bestof author'sknowledge,it wasnot found in modern literature a comprehensivestudy of strengttl designof toroidal tanks for personalcars,particularly for usmg in Indonesia This paper reports resul8 of nonlinear finite element analysis of toroidal tank havingradialflushnozzletobeusedforpersonalcars in Indonesia.

Finite Element Modelling Toroidal tank model used in this study was modeled based on volume of tank of 45 liters. Voltme of a toroidal tank can be calculatedusing the follo*.ing

KE - 190

lV Tahunan TeknikMesinXl (SNTTUXl) & Thermofluid SerninarNasional Proceeding 16-17Oktober2012 Universitas GadjahMada(UGM),Yogyakartra,

equation:

Material properties needed for finite element modelingare Yormg'smodulus4 yield stre$say, and Poisson'sratio v, the values for those propertiesare 207 GPs, 295 MPa, dan 0.3 respectively twinarto dan Wahyuadi,20081.In this analysisoit was assumed that the toroidal tank was fabricatedby welding forn 900 elbows circumferentialy.The welding joint was assumedto be perfect fioint efEciency equals to unity). Other assumptionwas uniform thickness of the tank. Element type used was S}IELL281 of the ANSYS elemerrtlibrary. The eleine'nthas eight nodes with six degees of fr,eedom for every node: in the lr" y, danz directioq and rotation displace,ment about the :L y, dan z anis. The ele'me'lrtcan be used for linier anatysls, large rotation, and nonJinier malysis with large shain Typical finite el€,n€rl model includeradial flush nozzleis shownin Fig.2.

V = rrz.ZnR

(l)

where, r is toroidal closs-s€ctionradius, md R is radius of clrvdre of toroidal. Equation (1) can be written inthe following form:

v =2n2r3p

Q)

oft

(v\X

(3)

'=la)

For a toroidal tank having volume of 45 liter = 45 x 106mm3,the correspondingradius is:

( qstou\%

r =l '-"=\6n')

|

=9l.3mm

orR = 273.8mm. Me,mbranetheory of shell shows thd the higbest stress for a toroidal shell rmder int€mal pressure locatedat intradosmd the lowest locatedat entados. This fact guides engineersnot to located xnozz)e tt intados, andif possible,locatedd odrados In this study, geometrymodeling was done in toroidal coordinate. The tonrs was obtained by rotating a circle of radius r abor.fra circle of radius .R as shovm in Figrne l. Handguardwas not modeled wi& an assumptionthat this accessorieswould not affectthelimitpresure. Fig.2 Typical FE model of atoroidal tank For fmite elementmodel slrovmin Fig.2 subjectedto internal pre$$re loading; boundary condition that needs to be pplied was zeno displacementfor all nodes at a stoss-sectionas shown in Fig.3. ht€rnal pr€ssureload (MPa) to be rylied to find the limit presrurecan be estimatedby calculatingthe pressure to yield"a, (Lubis,et. al.,2012):

i I

ti "1.. :ii -.-j.---/

Fig. I Geomety modelingof a tuus

(4)

g-A

Material for the tank was the sarne as the material for PERIAMINA LPG 3kg tank, i.e., steel sheet produced by PT Krakafau Steel, having specificationJIS G3116SG-295,andfticknessof 2.3 mm. Material forhandguad dan footing was carbon steelwith specificationJIS G3101 SS42,thic*nessof 2.5 mm also produced by PT Kral
20081.

958

zEoy w==ffi

Equation ($ is basedon shess d inaados position wherehigbestsfressoccurs.For cross-sestionradiusr = 91.3 mm md material propertiesof the tanls JIS G3l 16 SG-295{ov : 295 MPa), pressureto yield for radiusratiop = 3, canbe calculatedas follows:

o, =rr.o, ' "

2.5r

(2x2-3no''.y'.,295MPa) = 5.9s Mpa 2.5(9l.3mm)

KE - 190

lV Tahunan TeknikMesinXl (SNTTMXl) & Thermofluid Proceeding SeminarNasional 16-17Oktober2012 Universitas C'adjahiilada(UGM),Yogyakarta,

Int€rnal pressureof 5.95 MPa is the pressureneeded for material to start plasic. Limit pressrnewould be somewhathigher than this value. For finite element anatysisusing ANSYS, the limit load can be obtained via nonlinear solt*ion uslng tlrc Newton-Raphson algorithm. The pressureload can be applied by steps to reach the yiel4 followed by ramp load after yield to reach limit presstrre.lvlaximum intemal pressure appliedwas l0 MPa. Bormdry conditim and loading is shorminFig.3.

.dFd {{odFtdc {.eCrlh{t{{ dpCffi *nora;hl$d{ +n

*g&h.dc

l

_-l

oo o.o

o.2

0.4

0.5

m

Lt

12

Figura4 relationshipbetweenappliedintemal pressureandresulting stress. Figure 5 shows the relationstrip between applied internal pr€ssureand resulting strain. It can be seen th* the manimumshain befonefrilure is much higher for toroidal tank wi& nozzlecomparedto toroidal ank without noz;le. Figure 5 also shows that the highest limit pressureand resulting stain is obtainedwhen the noule locced at exfiadosposition. -i - -"- -:!i

Fig.3 Boundarycondition and internal pressureload

i---"

Resulb and Discussion The resulr are given in form of graph. There are three graphs that can be plotted to describe the behaviourof the toroidal tank wtth nozzleas reported herre:stressversusint€rnal pressure(c -p), internal pr€ssurev€rsusshain (p - e), and sbessversusstrain (o - e). All graphsre given in nmdiensional form. Figure 4 showsthe relationbetweeninternal pressureand resulting stess. The stressplotted was sfess intensity at the inner (bottom) surhce of the shell, the surface of a shell undergoing the highest stressfor shell rmderintemal pressur€.The graphwas plotted in nondimensional form by dividing the pressureloadby the pr€ssureto yield and dividingthe resulting sbessby the yield sbess(295 MPa). Figne 4 shows that the relationship betrveen applied pressure and resulting stess in a toroidal shell without nonle is linear.. For toroidal with radial nozzle, stress at the tank is much higher thd tsnk without node. When limit pressureis achieve4 the maximum sfress almost identical which shwos that plasticity has spreadovor the eirtire thicknessofthe shell.

j

o,

o2

o.{

d5

o-r

1.o

l:

i.._....,

Figurc.S relationshipbetweenappliedinternal pressur€andresulting stain. Figure 6 shows the stress-straincurve for various nozzle position of nozzle. It can be seen that the sfiuctrne considered her,e exhibits large strain behaviour. Overall, the highest strain was obtained when the nonle located at tre qrfados. Figure 7(a) and 7(b) shows tlpical stress and strain disribtrtiqt respectively whe,n limit pressure achieved. It was plotted for str€ssint€nsity at the inner surfaceofthe tank's wall.

959

KE - 190

lV SeminarNasionalTahunan TeknikMesinXl (SNTTMXl) & Thermofluid Proceeding 16-17Oktober2012 C'adjahtilada(UGM),Yogyakarta, Untuersitae Lisb of symbols

u

E p r R t Y

IT

u

+tFiord -€l?&ffi r.iodp.&S€

o.6

+dPd.ffi p*l${f -F.!.d i{dpd.hdo3

o.a

Young'smodulus(MPa) Internal pres$r€ (MPa) Cross-sectionradiusof the tank (mm) Radiusof curvature(mm) Wall thickness(mm) Volumeoftank (mm3)

Greekletters e Normal sfrain (7o) p Radiusratio=R/r o Normal stress(MPa) o Poisson'sratio

@

o!

Fig.6 shess-straincwe for a toroidal tank under internalpr€ssul€

Subsripts Y Yield stress

References ASME, ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code, SectionVIII Division I QWl). Btachut, J., CollapseTestson Extemally Pressmized Toroids. ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technologr,Vil. 125,No. 1, hal. 91 - 96 (2003).

(a)stress

(b)strain Fig.7 stressand strain distribution when limit intemal prressur€ achieved

Jiang, W., dan Redekop, D., Static and Vibration Analysis of Ortlrotropic-Toroidal Shells of Variable Thiclness by Differential Quadrature.Thin-Walled Sfiuctrnes,Vol.4l No.5, hal. 461 - 78 (2003)

Conclusion From this analysis,it was found that trc best design for nozzle position in a circular toroidal tank, indicated by the highest limit pressure,is located at the extados. For any circumstances,nonle cm be located beflve€nextradosand srown, but should not be located between crown and intados. This result conforms to the membranetheory that fie highest stressin toroidal shell under intenral pressur€occuns at inftadosand nozde shall not be locatednextto that location.

Kisioglu, Y., Burst Testsand Volume Expansionsof Vehicle Toroidal LPG Fuel Tanks.Tinkish Journalof Engine€ringEnvironmentalScience,Vol.33 hal. 117 - 125(200e). Lubis, A., Saragib R.S., and Suudi,A., 2010, Studi limit tekananpada tabrmg LPGi 3kg denganmetode eleme,nhingga. Prosiding SeminarNasional Tatnman Teknik Mesin (SNTT}O ke-9, 13 - 15 Oktober, (2010) Univorsigs Sriwiiaya"Pale,mbang Lubis, A., Sfiength design of toroidal tank for LPG f*g. noceeding SNTTM-IO, UniversitasBrawiiaya, Malmg, 2-3 November, ISBN: 978{02-19028-0{, (2011)

Aclmowledgment The authors would like to thank Faculty of Engineeringthe University of Larrpung for partially fund this researchin PNBP2012.

Lubis, A., Oktazari, 2., md Tantio N.o Nonlinear Finite ElementAnalysis of PressurizedLPG Toroidal Tank with Non-Radial Nozzle. Prosiding Se,minar Nasional Energi Te$arukan dan Pro&l$i Bersitu JunrsanTeknik Mesin UniversitasLampung Bandar Lampung,20 -21Juni, (2012)

960

KE - 190

SeminarNasionalTahunanTeknikifesin Xl (SNTTIIIXl) & ThermofluldlV Proceeding 1&17 Cl
Tzou" H.S., and Wang, D.lV., Vibration Conrol of Toroidal Shells wittr Parallel and Diagonal Piezoelectic Actuators. ASME Jorrnal of Pressure VesselTec,lnrologr,Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. l7l - 176

(2003) Velickovig V., Stressand Strain Statesin the Mat€rial of the Sfiessed Totoidal Conainer for Liquefied Pefiolerrm Gas. Scientific Tecbnical Revieq Vol. LVtr, No.34, pp. 94 * 105(2007) and Wahyuadr, J.S., Pengkajidt Winuto, Karelceristik Bahan Balru (Raw lv{ateriaDLembaran Baja (Steel Plate) tmtr* TlabungGas 3kg Produk Lolol dm trmpor SecaraMataltngi. BSN Infunesia (2008)