DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................. vi DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................. viii DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................ xii INTISARI
................................................................................................ xiv
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................... xv BAB I. PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah............................................................ 1 B. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 2 C. Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................... 2 D. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................... 2 BAB II. STUDI PUSTAKA ...................................................................... 3 A. Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................... 3 1. Krim ............................................................................ 3 2. HLB ............................................................................ 7 3. Mikrobiologi ............................................................... 8 4. Antioksidan ................................................................ 10 5. Ekstraksi ...................................................................... 11 6. Uraian Tanaman Lidah Buaya ................................... 13 7. Kulit .......................................................................... 17 8. Kosmetika ................................................................. 19 9. Monografi Bahan ....................................................... 20 B. Landasan Teori ........................................................................ 22 C. Hipotesa ................................................................................ 23 BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN .......................................................... 24 A. Bahan dan Alat ....................................................................... 24 1. Bahan .......................................................................... 24 2. Alat ............................................................................. 24
8
B. Cara Penelitian ..................................................................... 25 1. Formula ...................................................................... 25 2. Skema Jalannya Penelitian .......................................... 26 3. Determinasi ................................................................. 27 4. Pengumpulan Bahan ................................................... 27 5. Penyiapan Bahan ......................................................... 27 6. Pembuatan Ekstrak ...................................................... 28 7. Pembuatan Krim ......................................................... 28 8. Pengukuran Stabilitas Fisik ........................................ 29 C. Analisa Hasil ......................................................................... 31 BAB IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................................... 32 A. Determinasi dan Hasil Ekstrak Lidah Buaya .......................... 32 B. Pembuatan Krim .................................................................... 33 C. Uji Homogenitas .................................................................... 33 D. Uji Pemisahan ........................................................................ 34 E. Uji Daya Sebar ....................................................................... 35 F. Uji Daya Lekat ....................................................................... 36 G. Uji Viskositas ......................................................................... 38 H. Uji Mikrobiologi .................................................................... 40 BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................................... 41 A.
Kesimpulan ........................................................................... 41
B.
Saran ..................................................................................... 41
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 42 LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................. 45
9
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.
Struktur Antrakuinon ........................................................... 16
Gambar 2.
Struktur Kulit ....................................................................... 17
Gambar 3.
Rumus Struktur Sorbiton Monostearat ................................ 20
Gambar 4.
Rumus Struktur Sorbitol ...................................................... 21
Gambar 5.
Rumus Struktur Metil Paraben ............................................. 22
Gambar 6.
Rumus Struktur Propil Paraben ........................................... 22
Gambar 7.
Skema Jalannya Penelitian ................................................... 26
Gambar 8.
Foto Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera, Linn) .................................... 32
Gambar 9.
Foto Ekstrak Lidah Buaya .................................................. 33
Gambar 10.
Hubungan Antara Berbagai Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) Dengan Daya Sebar Krim Selama 4 Minggu Penyimpanan ...................... 36
Gambar 11.
Hubungan Antara Lama Penyimpanan Dengan Daya Sebar Krim Berbagai Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) ............................................................................... 36
Gambar 12.
Hubungan Antara Variasi Nilai HLB Dengan Daya Lekat Krim Pada Lama Penyimpanan Selama 4 Minggu ............... 37
Gambar 13.
Hubungan Antara Lama Penyimpanan Dengan Daya Lekat Krim Pada Berbagai Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance)............................................................. 38
Gambar 14.
Hubungan Antara Berbagai Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) Dengan Viskositas Krim Selama 4 Minggu Penyimpanan ......................................... 39
Gambar 15.
Hubungan Antara Lama Penyimpanan Dengan Viskositas Krim Pada Berbagai Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) ............................................................................... 39
10
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel
I. Klasifikasi HLB Surfaktan Non Ionik Berdasarkan Karakteristik Terdispersi Dalam Air ....................................... 7
Tabel II. Formula Krim Lidah Buaya Dengan Basis Emolien ............... 25 Tabel III. Hasil Uji Homogenitas Krim Lidah Buaya .............................. 33 Tabel IV. Nilai Volume Pemisahan (%) Krim Lidah Buaya ................... 34 Tabel
V. Hasil Uji Daya Sebar Krim Lidah Buaya .............................. 35
Tabel VI. Nilai Daya Lekat Krim Krim Lidah Buaya ............................. 37 Tabel VII. Nilai Viskositas Krim Krim Lidah Buaya Sebagai Antioksidan 38 Tabel VIII. Hasil Uji Mikrobiologi Krim Lidah Buaya .............................. 40
11
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1. Surat Keterangan Determinasi Lidah Buaya ......................... 45 Lampiran 2. Perhitungan HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance)........ 46 Lampiran 3. Hasil Pengukuran Daya Sebar Krim Lidah Buaya Dengan Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance)10 ............... 47 Lampiran 4. Hasil Pengukuran Daya Sebar Krim Lidah Buaya Dengan Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance)11 ............... 48 Lampiran 5. Hasil Pengukuran Daya Sebar Krim Lidah Buaya Dengan Nilai HLB(Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) 12 ............. 49 Lampiran 6. Kemampuan Daya Sebar Krim Lidah Buaya (Cm2/Kg) Pada Berbagai Variasi HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) ..................................... 50 Lampiran 7. Analisis Statistik Uji Korelasi Antara Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) Daya Sebar Krim Lidah Buaya Selama 4 Minggu Penyimpanan ........... 51 Lampiran 8. Analisis Statistik Uji Korelasi Antara Lama Penyimpanan Dengan Daya Sebar Sediaan Krim Lidah Buaya Pada Berbagai Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) .................................... 52 Lampiran 9. Hasil Pengukuran Daya Lekat Krim Lidah Buaya (Detik) Pada Berbagai Variasi HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) ...................................... 53 Lampiran 10. Analisis Statistik Uji Korelasi Antara Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) dan Daya Lekat Krim Lidah Buaya Selama 4 Minggu Penyimpanan ........... 54 Lampiran 11. Analisis Statistik Uji Korelasi Antara Lama Penyimpanan Daya Lekat Krim Lidah Buaya Pada Berbagai Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) .................... 55 Lampiran 12. Hasil Pengukuran Viskositas Krim Lidah Buaya (Dpas) Pada Berbagai Variasi HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) ...................................... 56
12
Lampiran 13. Analisis Statistik Uji Korelasi Antara Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) Dengan Viskositas Krim Lidah Buaya Selama 4 Minggu Penyimpanan ........... 57 Lampiran 14. Analisis Statistik Uji Korelasi Antara Lama Penyimpanan Dengan Viskositas Krim Lidah Buaya Pada Berbagai Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) ...... 58 Lampiran 15. Hasil Pengamatan Uji Mikrobiologi Pada Berbagai Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) .... 59 Lampiran 16. Foto Sediaan Krim Lidah Buaya Pada Berbagai Variasi Nilai HLB (Hydrophilic – Lipophilic Balance) ...... 60 Lampiran 17. Foto Hasil Uji Mikrobiologi ............................................... 61
13
