ARAH KEBIJAKAN NASIONAL DALAM PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL PERDAGANGAN JASA DAN INVESTASI FGD PEMBAHASAN CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES PADA INVESTMENT CHAPTER DALAM PERJANJIAN FTA Medan, 10 Desember 2015
Staf Ahli Mendag Bidang Diplomasi perdagangan Kementerian Perdagangan R.I.
SERVICES CHAPTER AND INVESTMENT CHAPTER DI WTO 2
TRADE IN SERVICES DIATUR DI WTO AGREEMENTS DALAM ANNEX 1B, GATs. Perjanjian ini berlaku untuk perdagangan jasa yang dilakukan melalui 4 Moda Investasi di WTO: AGREEMENT ON TRADE RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES: perjanjian ini berlaku bagi investment measures yang terkait dengan perdagangan barang. Isu yang diatur adalah National Treatment and Quantitative Restrictions, Notification, Transparency dan Consultation and Dispute Settlement. Pola BIT tidak masuk dalam WTO The Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia
SERVICES CHAPTER AND INVESTMENT CHAPTER DI IJEPA 3
Trade in Services di IJEPA mengikuti GATs, namun dengan jelas mencantumkan ketentuan mengenai Rachet dan MFN automatic dan Standstill Investment di IJEPA dalam annex NCM dan Reservation List mengkomitmenkan KLBI termasuk Jasa. The Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia
APPROACH DALAM PERUNDINGAN Ada 3 Opsi Option 1: Chapter Investasi mencakup semua investasi yang terkait dengan barang dan jasa. Chapter Jasa mencakup 3 moda suplai tidak termasuk commercial presence
Option 2: Chapter investasai tidak mencakup measures yang dicakup oleh chapter jasa. Chapter Jasa mencakup 4 moda suplai.
Option 3: Chapter Investasi mencakup semua investasi. Chapter Jasa mencakup 4 moda suplai
The Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia
General Observation How and where investment in services is regulated… How
Where
Approach
Positive
Services Chapter
GATS-inspired
Negative
Investment Chapter
NAFTA-inspired
That affects…
1
Structure of the agreement
2
Investment protection
3
Investment liberalization
Each type has its own mechanism on protecting
investment in services, however the level of protection and liberalization is different 2
Overlap: Investment and Services Chapters
Investment Chapter
Investment in Services
Services Chapter
Positive Lists Liberalisation obligations: e.g. Market Access, National Treatment subject to terms, limitations and conditions outlined in schedules of specific commitments Schedules: usually arranged by sector or sub-sector based on agreed nomenclature
e.g. Central Product Classification (CPC) prepared by UN Statistics Division
Only those sectors listed are subject to liberalisation obligations i.e. no commitments unless the sector is explicitly listed Examples: WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) AANZFTA
Negative Lists Liberalisation obligations apply to all measures in all
sectors and sub-sectors
subject to annexes of non-conforming measures (NCM) i.e. full commitments unless an applicable NCM is scheduled
Usually provide a two-annex list of NCMs
Annex I: standstill of existing NCMs Annex II: policy space for future measures May include an Annex III for financial services
Examples:
ANZCERTA Services Protocol (1989) Australia-Singapore FTA (2003); Australia-Korea FTA (2014); Australia-Japan (2014) Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (2006)
Overview of an investment chapter
Definitions
Administrative provisions
Substantive treatment obligations (core disciplines): Liberalisation obligations:
Protections:
Expropriation
Exceptions
MFN MST
NT Transfers
PRs
SMBD Subrogation
Reservations / Non-Conforming Measures (NCMs)
Overview of services provisions
Definitions
Administrative provisions
Substantive treatment obligations (core disciplines): Liberalisation commitments: General Obligations:
Exceptions
MFN
NT
MA
Transparency
Domestic Regulation
Recognition
Local Presence
Commitments / Reservations
KESIMPULAN: KEBIJAKAN APA YANG SEHARUSNYA KITA BUAT KALAU KITA INGIN MENARIK INVESTASI MAKA
NEGATIVE LIST MENJADI PILIHAN JIKA KITA INGIN IKUT DALAM TPP dan IEUCEPA APA YANG KITA HARUS LAKUKAN: menginventarisasi semua perjanjian jasa dan investasi apa saja yang kita sudah komitmenkan dan bagaimana kita merevisi UU Investasi, UU Ketenagakerjaan dan Ketentuan lain yang tidak mendukung investasi Bappenas perlu meredesign mengenai “harus selektif” Untuk perunding Investasi dan Kunjungan wisata sebagai pengganti dari trade deficit
TERIMAKASIH
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