DAFTAR PUSTAKA Alencar, J.W., Alves, P.B. and Graveiro, A.A., 1983, Pyrolysis of tropical vegetable oils, J. Agri. Food Chem., 31, 1268-70. Balat, M. and Balat, H., 2010, Progress in biodiesel processing, Appl. Energy, 87 (6), 1815-35. Buasri, A., Chaiyut, N., Ketlekha, P., Mongkolwatee, W., dan Bonrawd, S., 2009, Biodiesel Production from Crude Palm Oil with a High Content of Free Fatty Acids and Fuel Properties, J. Nat. Sci., 8, 1, 115. Boz, N., Degirmenbasi, N., Kalyon, D.M., 2013, Transesterification of canola oil to biodiesel using calcium bentonite functionalized with K compounds, Appl. Catal. B., 138-139, 236-242. Demirbas, A., 2005, Biodiesel production from vegetable oils via catalytic and non- catalytic supercritical methanol transesterification methods, Prog. Energ. Combus. 31, 466-87. Demirbas, A., 2009, Biodiesel from waste cooking oil via base-catalytic and supercritical methanol transesterification, Energy Convers. Manage, 50, 923-7. Encinar, J.M., Gonzalez, J.F., Sabio, E. and Ramiro, M.J., 1999, Properties of biodiesel from Cunara cardunculus L., Oil. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 38, 2927-31. Endraswari, S.P., 2011, Sintesis Etil Asetat dari Asam Asetat dan Etanol Terkatalisis H2SO4 dan Bentonit, Skripsi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Febriawan, F.B., Supartono, Kusumo, E., 2014, Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Biji Karet dan Metanol Terkatalisis Bentonit Alam Teraktivasi Asam, Indo. J. Chem. Sci., 3 (1), 87-92. Freedman, B., Pryde, E.H. and Mounts, T.L., 1984, Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 61, 1638-43. Gelbard, G., Bres, O., Vargas, R.M., Vielfaure, R. and Schuchardt, U.F., 1995, 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Determination of the Yield of the Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methanol, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 72, 1239-41.
59
60
Ghiaci, M., Aghabarari, B., dan Gil, A., 2011, Production of Biodiesel by Esterification of Natural Fatty Acids over Modified Organoclay Catalysts, Fuel, 3382-3389. Hambali, E., Mujdalipah, S., Tambunan A.H., Pattiwiri A.W., Hendroko, R., 2008, Teknologi Bioenergi, Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta. Hardjono, A., 2001, Teknologi Minyak Bumi, Edisi Pertama, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta. Ismadji, S., Soetaredjo, F.E., Harsono, S., Leonardo M.T., 2010, Bentonite and Its Modified Forms as Solid Catalyst for Biodiesel Production, APCChE, 1-6. Intarapong, P., 2011, Transesterification of palm oil over KOH/NaY zeolite in a packed-bed reactor, IJRER, 1(4), 271-280. Juan, J.C., Kartika, D.A., Wu, T.Y. and Hin, T.Y.Y., 2011, Biodiesel production from jatropha oil by catalytic and non-catalytic approaches: an overview, Bioresour. Technol., 102, 452-60. Ketaren, S., 1986, Pengantar Teknologi dan Lemak Pangan, Penerbit UI Press, Jakarta, 302-303. Knothe, G., 2000, Monitoring a Progressing Transesterification Reaction by Fiber-Optic Near Infrared Spectroscopy with Correlation to 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, J. Am. Oil Chem., 5, 77, 489-493. Knothe, G., Gerpen, J.V. and Krahl, J., 2005, The Biodiesel Handbook, 9-10, Champaign, Illinois USA, AOCS Press. Leung D.Y.C., Wu X., Leung M.K.H., 2010, A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification, Appl. Energ., 87, 1083-95. Liriyanti, R., 2008, Kinerja Bentonit Sebagai Katalis Dalam Reaksi Konversi Trigliserida Dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dan Minyak Biji Mahoni Menjadi Metil Ester Asam Lemak, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung. Lotero, E., Liu, Y., Lopez, D.E., Suwannakarn, K., Bruce, D.A. and Goodwin, J.G., 2005, Synthesis of Biodiesel via Acid Catalysis, Ind. & Eng. Chem. Research, 44(14), 5353-63. Ma, F., Clements, L.D. and Hanna, M.A., 1998, The effect of catalyst, free fatty acids, and water on transesterification of beef tallow, Trans ASAE, 41, 1261-64.
61
Ma, F. and Hanna, M.A., 1999, Biodiesel Production: A Review, Bioresour. Technol., 70, 1-15. Nagendrappa, G., 2002, Organic Synthesis using Clay Catalysts, General Article, 64-77. Nourredine, Abdoulmoumine, 2010, Sulfate and Hydroxide Supported on Zirconium Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production, Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. Ozbay, N., Oktar, N. and Tapan, N.A., 2008, Esterification of free fatty acids in waste cooking oils (WCO): role of ion-exchange resins, Fuel, 87, 1789-98. Patil, P.D. dan Deng, S., 2009, Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Edible and Non-Edible Vegetable Oils, Fuel, 88, 1302–1306. Pratama, L., Triyono, Tahir, I., dan Yoeswono, 2009, Effect of Temperatur and Speed of Stirrer to Biodiesel Conversion from Coconut Oil with the Use of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches as a Heterogeneous Catalyst, Indo. J. Chem., 9, 165-172. Pudjaatmaka, A.H., 1997, Kimia Organik, (diterjemahkan dari Fessenden, R.J., dan Fessenden J.S., 1986, ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Third Edition, Wadsworth, Massachuset), Jilid Satu, Edisi Ketiga, Erlangga, Jakarta. Pudjaatmaka, A.H., 1999, Kimia Organik, (diterjemahkan dari Fessenden, R.J., dan Fessenden J.S., 1986, ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Third Edition, Wadsworth, Massachuset), Jilid Dua, Edisi Ketiga, Erlangga, Jakarta. Purwaningsih, E., Supartono, Harjono, 2012, Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa dengan Metanol Menggunakan Katalis Bentonit, Indo. J. Chem. Sci., 1 (2), 133-139. Puspitasari, N., 2013, Sintesis Metil Ester Minyak Jarak (Ricinus Communis L) Terkatalisis KOH/Bentonit Dengan Variasi Penambahan KOH, skripsi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Rahayu, M., 2006, Teknologi Proses Produksi Biodiesel, Prospek Pengembangan Bio-fuel sebagai Subtitusi Bahan Bakar Minyak, BPPT, Jakarta, 17-28. Ramadhas, A.S., Jayaraj, S. and Muraleedharan, C., 2005, Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil, Elsevier Ltd, 335-9.
62
Rizkian, H., 2014, Pengaruh Penambahan Metanol Pada Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Biji Karet (Havea brasiliensis) Untuk Menghasilkan Biodiesel Dengan Gelombang Mikro, JURNAL Konsentrasi Teknik Konversi Energi, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Ruhyat, N., Firdaus, N., 2006, Analisis Pemilihan Bahan Baku di DKI Jakarta, Univ. Mercu Buana, Jakarta. Sakai, T., Kawashima, A., and Koshikawa, T., 2009, Economic assessment of batch biodiesel production processes using homogeneous and heterogeneous alkali catalysts, Bioresour. Technol., 100(13), 3268-76. Sanli, H., Canacki, M., 2008, Effects of Different Alcohol and Catalyst Usage on Biodiesel Production from Different Vegetable Oils, Energ. Fuels, 22, 2713-2719. Schwab, A.W., Dyskstra, G.J., Selke, E., Sorenson, S.C., and Pryde, E. H., 1988, Diesel fuel from thermal decomposition of soybean oil, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 65, 1781-6. Selvin, R., Ling Hsu, H., Aneesh, P., Hua, C., dan Hung, L.L., 2010, Preparation of Acid-Modified Bentonit for Selective Decomposition of Cumene Hydroperoxide into Phenol and Aceton, Reac. Kinet. Mech. Cat., 100, 197-204. Soerawidjaja, T.H., 2006, Fondasi-Fondasi Ilmiah dan Keteknikan dari Teknologi Pembuatan Biodiesel, Handout Seminar Nasional “Biodiesel sebagai Energi Alternatif Masa Depan”, UGM Yogyakarta. Soetaredjo, F.E., Ayucitra, A., Suryadi Ismadji, Anastasia Lidya Maukar, 2011, KOH/bentonit catalysts for transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel, Appl. Clay Sci., 53, 341-346. Suhartanta dan Arifin Z., 2008, Pemanfaatan Minyak Jarak Pagar sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Mesin Diesel, J. Penelt. Saint., 13, 19-46. Suharto, T.E., 2010, Kimia Katalisis Heterogen, Penerbit ANDI, Yogyakarta. Sukmana, N.C. dan Purwanti, E., 2010, Kalor Biodiesel Hasil Esterifikasi dengan Katalis Asam Sitrat dan Transesterifikasi dengan Katalis Kalium Hidroksida Minyak Biji Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum), Prosiding Tugas Akhir, Kimia, FMIPA, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Surabaya.
63
Supeno, M., 2007, Bentonit Alam Terpilar sebagai Material Katalis/Co-Katalis Pembuatan Gas Hidrogen dan Oksigen dari Air, Disertasi, Universitas Sumatra Utara, Sumatra. Utami, S., 2012, Bentonit Teraktivasi Asam Sebagai Katalis Heterogen Untuk Reaksi Esterifikasi Dalam Sintesis Biodiesel Dari Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum), Skripsi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Van Gerpen, J., 2005, Biodiesel processing and production, Fuel Process Technol., 86, 1097-107. Vijayakumar, B., Mahadevaiah, N., Nagendrappa, G., Prakash, B.S.J., 2011, Esterification of Stearic Acid with p-cresol Over Modified Indian Bentonite Clay Catalysts, J. Por. Mater., 1-12. Wahyuningsih, K., 2004, Kajian Pengaruh Konsentrasi Katalis KOH dan Temperatur Reaksi Terhadap karakter Biodiesel dari Minyak Kelapa sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif, Skripsi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Widihati, I.A.G., 2002, Sintesis Lempung Montmorillonit Terpilar Fe2O3 dan Kajian Sifat-Sifat Kimia Fisiknya, Tesis, Program Pasca Sarjana, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. West, A.H., Dusko, D. and Ellis, N., 2008, Assesment of four biodiesel production processes using HYSYS, Plant Bioresour. Technol., 99, 6587601. Zahriyah, S., 2009, Esterifikasi Asam Lemak Bebas Dalam Minyak Jelantah dengan Katalis TiO2/Montmorillonit dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Biodiesel yang Dihasilkan, Skripsi, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. Zhang, Y., Dubé, M.A., McLean, D.D. and Kates, M., 2003, Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil, 2. Economic assessment and sensitivity analysis, Bioresour. Technol., 90 (3), 229-40.
