DAFTAR PUSTAKA Andriesse JP. 1988. Nature and Management of Tropical Peats Soils. Rome: Food and agriculture Organization of the United nation. Anggorodi R. 1979. Ilmu Makanan Ternak Umum. Cetakan Ketiga. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia. Ardjakusuma S, Nuraini, Somantri E. 2001. Teknik Penyiapan pada Lahan Gambut Bongkor untuk Tanaman Hortikultura. Buletin Teknik Pertanian 6 (1): 3-6. Arief FB. 1997. Evaluasi lahan gambut untuk pemanfaatan budidaya padi di Risau Jaya Kalimantan Barat [Tesis]. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Arnold GW. 1981. Grazing Behavior. In Grazing Animals. Oxford, New York. Bamualim A. 1988. Prosedur dan Parameter dalam Penelitian Makanan Ternak Ruminansia dalam Prinsip Produksi dan Penelitian Peternakan. Kupang. Church DC, Pond WG. 1995. Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding. 4 th Ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, New York. Dahlin
H. 2006. A Logical Guide to www.orecity.k12.or.us/4H/pmeadows.htm.
Feeding
Your
Goat.
Daves HL. 1982. A Course Manual in Nutrition and growth . Australia , Australian Universities International Development Program. Devendra C, Burns M. 1994. Produksi Kambing di Daerah Tropis. Terjemahan Harya Putra. Penerbit ITB Bandung dan Universitas Udayana. Dewi ER. 2004. Kajian dampak penggembalaan ternak kambing terhadap sifat tanah dan kualitas vegetasi pakan dilahan gambut yang telah terbakar. [Tesis]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Dukes HH. 1977. Endocrinology reproductive and lactation. in: M.J. Swendson Editor. Physiology of Domestic animals. New York: Comstock Publ. Co. and Cornell University Press. Haenlein GFW. 2006a. Goat healt and husbandry. Mineral suplements Cooperative Extension Dairy Specialist University of Delaware. Website: http://ag.udel.edu. Haenlein GFW. 2006b. Recent advances in mineral nutrition of goats. Goats and Nutrition. Cooperative Extension Dairy Specialist University of Delaware. Website: http://ag.udel.edu.
Herlinae. 2003. Evaluasi nilai nutrisi dan potensi hijauan asli lahan gambut pedalaman di Kalimantan Tengah sebagai Pakan Ternak. [Tesis]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Hilakore MAB. 1997. Status mineral sapi bali pada sistem pemeliharaan ekstensif di kabupaten Kupang daratan Timor Nusa Tenggara Timur. [Tesis]. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Huber K, Walter C, Schröder B, Breves G. 2002. Phosphate transport in the duodenum and jejunum of goats and its adaptation by dietary phosphate and calcium. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283: 296-302. Irawan, Widati S, Maryati, Adiningsih S. 1998. Studi factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas padi sawah intensifikasi. Prosiding Pertemuan Pembahasan dan Komunikasi Hasil Penelitian Tanah dan Agroklimat. Bogor. Pusat Penelitian Tanah dan Agroklimat. Hal: 1-17. Jia ZH, Sahlu I, Fernandez JM, Hart, SP, Teh TH. 1995. Effect of Dietary Protein Level on Performan of Angora and Chasmere. Small Ruminant Research. J Int Goat Assoc. 16 (2) : 113-119. Joseph G. 1996. Status asam-basa dan metabolisme mineral pada ternak kerbau lumpur yang diberi pakan jerami padi dan konsentrat dengan penambahan natrium [Tesis]. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Kardaya D. 2000. Pengaruh suplementasi mineral organik (Zn-Proteinat dan CuProteinat) dan amonium molibdat terhadap performan domba lokal [Tesis]. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Limin SH. 2002. Biophysical Characteristics of Area between Sebangau and Katingan Rivers Central Kalimantan. Centre for International Co-operation in Management of Tropical Peatland (CIMTROP). Palangkaraya: Palangkaraya University. Luginbuhl JM, Poore MH. 2005. Nutrition of Meat Goats. EAH Webmaster, Department of Animal Science, NCSU. www.ncsu.edu/forage/nutrpubs.htm. Manchen R. 2005. Mineral. Associate Professor & Extension Livestock Spe cialist. Uvalde. Texas Agricultur al Extension Service. McDowell. 1992. Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition. Academic Press Inc. Merkel RC et al. 1999. Growth Potential of five Sheep Genotypes in Indonesia. Small Ruminant Research. J Int Goat Assoc. 16 (2) : 113-119. Mueller P, Matthew HP, Luginbuhl JM, Green JT. 2005. Matching Forages to the Nutrient Needs of Meat Goats. Department of Animal Science. NCSU
Ngantung R. 1996. Upaya www.buletinPU.com.
Memaksimalkan
Potensi
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Gambut.
[NRC] National Research Council. 1995a. Nutrient Requirment of Goats. Washington, DC. National Academi Press. [NRC] National Research Council. 1995b. Mineral Tolerance of Domenstic Animals. Washington, DC. National Academic Press. Parakkasi A. 1995. Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Ruminan. Vol IB. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia. Peterson PR. 2005. Forage for Goat Production . Blacksburg: Dept. Virginia Tech University. www.boergoat.htm Piliang WG. 2004. Nutrisi Mineral. Edisi 7. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor. Pons L. 2005. A Quick Way To Gauge Forage Nutrition. The research is part of Rangeland, Pasture, and Forages. ARS National Program www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/sep05/forage0905 Rayburn EB. 2006. Forage Quality – Minerals. Extension Specialist. V irginia University. www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub811/5qual.htm. Sanchez PA. 1992. Sifat dan Peng elolaan Tanah Tropika. Nort Carolina State University. Bandung. Penerbit ITB. Sarwono B. 2003. Beternak Kambing Unggul. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya. Schroeder JW. 2006. Forage Nutrition for Ruminants. North Dakota State University. http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/ansci/dairy/as1250w.htm Selampak. 1999. Peningkatan produktivitas tanah gambut yang disawahkan dengan pemberian bahan amelioran tanah mineral berkadar besi tinggi. [Disertasi]. Bogor: Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Simanihuruk K. 2005. Pemanfaatan kulit buah markisa (Passiflora edulis Sims f. edulis Deg) sebagai pakan campuran pakan pelet komplit untuk kambing kacang. [Tesis]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. Ed. Ke-7. Washington: NRCS USDA Washington. D.C. Steel RD, Torrie JH. 1995. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika. Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik . Jakarta: Penerbit P.T. Gramedia.
Subiska IGM, Sulaiman, Wadjaja -Adhi IPG. 1998. Perbandingan pengaruh bahan amelioran untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan gambut. Prosiding Pertemuan Pembahasan dan Kominikasi Hasil Penelitian Tanah dan Agroklimat. Bogor. Pusat Penelitian Tanah dan Agroklimat. Hal: 119-130. Telkom. 2004. Sekilas Kalimantan. www.telkomkalimantan.com.
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Tengah.
Thompsom DJ. 1987. Calcium, Phosphorus and Fluorine in Animal Nutrition. Proc. Latin American Symposium on Mineral Nutrition with Grazing Ruminant. Gainesville Florida: University of Florida. Underwood EJ. 1981. The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock . 2nd Ed. Washington, DC. National Academic Press. Van Soest PJ. 1982. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Ruminant metabolism, Nutritional Strategies, the Cellulolytic Fermentation and the Chemistry of Forages and Plant Fibers. O & B Books, inc. Corvallis, Oregon. Wadsworth JC, Cohen RDH. 1977. Phosphorous Utilization by Ruminants. Rev in Rural Sci. 3: 35-40 Wilson AD. 1977. The digestibility and voluntary intake of the leaves of trees and shrubs by sheep and goat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 28: 51-58.
Lampiran
Lampiran 1 Konsumsi Bahan Segar (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa Total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24
KT 566982.1 189231.7 616035.3 128542.3
F 4.41* 1.47 4.79
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
KTS r = 160.04 =
p qx, (p, 24) Rp Pakis
JK 2267929 756927 2464141 1542508 7031505
2 2.92 468.18 Delingu
3 3.07 492.24 Aseman
4 3.15 505.06 Gajihan
5 3.22 516.29 Sasendok
Lampiran 2 Konsumsi Bahan Kering (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa Total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
JK KT 246616.3 61654.08 20440.07 5110.02 66203.49 16550.87 42079.72 3506.64 375339.6
F 17.59 ** 1.46 4.72
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
KTS r
= 26.48 p qx, (p, 24) Rp Pakis
2 2.92 77.33 Aseman
3 3.07 81.30 Gajihan
4 3.15 83.42
5 3.22 85.27
Delingu
Sasendok
Lampiran 3 Konsumsi air Minum (ml/ekor/hari) SK db Perlakuan 4 Periode 4 Ternak 4
JK 188739.3 54499.31 181791.1
KT F 47184.83 1.56 13624.83 0.45 45447.77 1.50
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
Sisa Total
12 24
362669.4 30222.45 787699
Lampiran 4 Pertambahan Bobot bada n (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa Total
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK 10000 12000 3000 45000 70000
KT 2500 3000 750 3750
F 0.67 0.8 0.2
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
Lampiran 5 Efesiensi Penggunaan Pakan SK db Perlakuan 4 Periode 4 Ternak 4 Sisa 12 Total 24 Sy
=
JK 0.036 0.0028 0.010 0.0070 0.056
KT 0.0091 0.00070 0.0026 0.00058
F 15.57 1.19 4.44
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
KTS r
= 0.011 p qx, (p, 24) Rp Aseman
2 2.92 0.032 Delingu
3 3.07 0.03 Sasendok
4 3.15 0.03
5 3.22 0.034
Pakis
Gajihan
Lampiran 6 Kecernaan Bahan Kering (%) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa Total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24
KTS r = 3.63
=
JK 1539.60 1442.73 1852.79 789.99 5625.12
KT 384.90 360.68 463.19 65.83
F 5.85 5.48 7.04
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
p qx, (p, 24) Rp Delingu
2 2.92 10.59543 Pakis
3 3.07 11.13972
4 3.15 11.43
Gajihan
Aseman
5 3.22 11.684 Sasendok
Lampiran 7 Kecernaan Bahan Organik (%) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa Total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
JK 1656.48 1646.97 2058.48 857.10 6219.03
KT 414.12 411.74 514.62 71.43
F 5.79 5.76 7.21
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
KTS r
= 3.78 p qx, (p, 24) Rp Delingu
2 2.92 11.0363 Pakis
3 3.07 11.60323 Gajihan
4 3.15 11.90559 Aseman
5 3.22 12.17016 Sasendok
Lampiran 8 Berat kering feses kambing yang mengkonsumsi hijauan lahan gambut (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa Total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
KTS r
= 12.87
JK 13704.84 8861.86 33961.05 9949.54 66477.30
KT 3426.21 2215.46 8490.26 829.13
F 4.13 2.67 10.24
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
p qx, (p, 24) Rp Aseman
2 2.92 37.62 Gajihan
3 3.07 39.53
4 3.15 40.56
Pakis
5 3.22 41.46
sasendok
Delingu
Lampiran 9 Jumlah urine kambing yang mengkonsumsi hijauan lahan gambut (ml/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa Total
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK KT 37263.5 9315.87 16616 4154 66370.38 16592.59 61497.38 5124.78 181747.3
F 1.82 0.81 3.24
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
Lampiran 10 Konsumsi Mineral Kalsium (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa Total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
JK 821.01 7.55 9.83 9.50 847.88
KT 205.25 1.88 2.46 0.79
F 259.21** 2.38 3.10
F.05 3.26
KTS r
= 0.39 P qx, (p, 24) pr Gajihan
2 3 2.92 3.07 1.162037 1.221731 Delingu
Pakis
4 3.15 1.253567 Aseman
5 3.22 1.281424 Sasendok
F.01 5.41
Lampiran 11 Eksresi mineral Ca melalui feses kambing kacang (gr/e/hr) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa Total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24
KT 1.09 0.27 0.34 0.17
F 6.33 1.55 1.98
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
KTS r = 0.18 =
P qx, (p, 24) pr Delingu
JK 4.37 1.06 1.37 2.07 8.88
2 2.92 0.542783 Gajihan
3 3.07 0.570666 Pakis
4 3.15 0.585537
Sasendok
5 3.22 0.598549 Aseman
Lampiran 12 Absorbsi mineral Ca pada kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
JK 743.79 11.26 13.79 17.76 786.59
KT 185.94 2.815 3.45 1.48
F 125.66 1.90 2.33
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
KTS r
= 0.54 P qx, (p, 24) pr Gajihan
2 2.92 1.588526 Delingu
3 3.07 1.670129 Pakis
4 3.15 1.71365
5 3.22 1.751731
Aseman
Sasendok
Lampiran 13 Ekskresi mineral Ca melalui urine kambing kacang (gr/e/hr) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
P qx, (p, 24) pr Gajihan
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.31
KT 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.007
F 3.46* 1.89 2.76
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
KTS r = 0.037 =
2 2.92 0.109293 Delingu
3 3.07 0.114907
4 3.15 0.117902
Sasendok
5 3.22 0.120522
Pakis
Aseman
Lampiran 14 Retensi mineral Ca pada kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24
KT 185.78 3.107 3.42 1.495
F 124.204 2.077 2.286
F,05 3.26
F,01 5.41
KTS r = 0.546 =
P qx, (p, 24) pr
Gajihan
JK 743.123 12.43 13.68 17.949 787.186
2 2.92 1.597
Delingu
3 3.07 1.679
Pakis
4 3.15 1.72
Aseman
5 3.22 1.76
Sasendok
Lampiran 15 Konsumsi Mineral Posfor (gr/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK 2.67 0.01 0.05 0.11 2.84
KT 0.67 0.003 0.01 0.008
F 74.99** 0.36 1.462
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
Sy
KTS r
=
= 0.042 P qx, (p, 24) pr Aseman
2 2.92 0.12322 Pakis
3 3.07 0.12955
4 3.15 0.132926
Delingu
5 3.22 0.13588
Gajihan
Sasendok
Lampiran 16 Eksresi mineral P melalui feses kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK 0.002502 0.013731 0.017247 0.007824 0.041303
KT 0.000625 0.003433 0.004312 0.000652
F 0.95 5.26 6.61
F..05 3.26
F.01 5.41
Lampiran 17 Absorbsi mineral P pada kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
JK 2.82 0.05 0.08 0.12 3.08
KT 0.71 0.012 0.02 0.01
F 70.31** 1.16 2.15
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
KTS r
= 0.044 P qx, (p, 24) pr Aseman
2 2.92 0.130912 Pakis
3 3.07 0.1376371 Delingu
4 3.15 0.141224 Gajihan
5 3.22 0.144362 Sasendok
Lampiran 18 Ekskresi mineral P melalui urine kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari)
SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK 1.26 0.0002 0.00019 0.00041 0.00082
KT 3.16 5.126 4.74 3.42
F 0.09 1.49 1.38
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
Lampiran 19 Retensi mineral P pada kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
JK 2.821049 0.051255 0.086423 0.1177 3.076427
KT F 0.705262 71.90444 0.012814 1.306412 0.021606 2.202795 0.009808
F,05 3.26
F,01 5.41
KTS r
= 0.044 P qx, (p, 24) pr
Aseman
2 2.92 0.129329
Pakis
3 3.07 0.135972
Delingu
4 3.15 0.139516
Gajihan
5 3.22 0.142616
Sasendok
Lampiran 20 Konsumsi Mineral Magnesium (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
JK 32.95 1.35 3.51 3.29 41.09
KT 8.24 0.34 0.87 0.27
F 30.05** 1.24 3.198
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
KTS r
= 0.23 P qx, (p, 24) pr Aseman
2 2.92 0.68366 Delingu
3 3.07 0.71878 Pakis
4 3.15 0.73751 Gajihan
5 3.22 0.753899 Sasendok
Lampiran 21 Eksresi mineral Mg melalui feses kambing kacang (gr/e/hr)
SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
JK 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.09 0.52
KT 0.034 0.037 0.035 0.007
F 4.37 4.82 4.57
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
KTS r
= 0.039 P qx, (p, 24) pr Delingu
2 2.92 0.115 Aseman
3 3.07 0.121
4 3.15 0.124
Gajihan
Sasendok
5 3.22 0.1269 Pakis
Lampiran 22 Absorbsi mineral Mg pada kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
JK 30.23 2.28 3.77 2.84 39.12
KT 7.55 0.56 0.94 0.247
F 31.94** 2.41 3.98
F.05 3.26
KTS r
= 0.217 P qx, (p, 24) pr Aseman
2 2.92 0.635161 Delingu
3 3.07 0.667789 Pakis
4 3.15 0.685191 Gajihan
5 3.22 0.700417 Sasendok
F.01 5.41
Lampiran 23 Ekskresi mineral Mg melalui urine kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK 1.566 2.35 2.77 2.47 9.16
KT 0.38 0.59 0.69 0.206
F 1.89 2.86 3.36
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
Lampiran 24 Retensi mineral Mg pada kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
P qx, (p, 24) pr Aseman
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK KT F 36.6618 9.16545 16.6548** 8.859765 2.214941 4.024834 7.56039 1.890097 3.434551 6.603824 0.550319 59.68578
F,05 3.26
F,01 5.41
KTS = r = 0.33 2 2.92 0.968735
3 3.07 1.018499
4 3.15 1.045039
5 3.22 1.068263
Delingu
Pakis
Gajihan
Sasendok
Lampiran 25 Konsumsi Mineral Seng (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK 0.00023 7.024 5.16 0.00026 0.00062
KT 5.80 1.75 1.29 2.19
F 2.65 0.80 0.589
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
Lampiran 26 Eksresi mineral Zn melalui feses kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 =
JK 1.22 5.75 1.21 5.48 3.56
KTS r
KT 3.05 1.44 3.03 4.57
F 6.69** 3.14 6.63
= 0.000095
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
P qx, (p, 24) pr Pakis
2 3 4 5 2.92 3.07 3.15 3.22 0.0002791 0.000293446 0.000301 0.000308 Sasendok
Gajihan
Delingu
Aseman
Lampiran 27 Absorbsi mineral Zn pada kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK 0.000243 7.31 5.35 0.00026 0.00063
KT 6.09 1.83 1.34 2.14
F 2.855 0.85 0.63
F.05 3.26
F.01 5.41
Lampiran 28 Ekskresi mineral Zn melalui urine kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total Sy
db 4 4 4 12 24 KTS = r
JK 1.061 4.015 3.705 2.194 2.053
KT 2.653 1.004 9.264 1.829
F 14.5** 5.45 5.066
F.05 3.26
w
0.00025
F.01 5.41
= 0.000060 P qx, (p, 24) pr
Gajihan
2 2.92 0.00017658
Pakis
3 3.07 0.00018565
Sasendok
4 3.15 0.0001905
Aseman
5 3.22 0.000195
Delingu
Lampiran 29 Retensi mineral Zn pada kambing kacang (gram/ekor/hari) SK Perlakuan Periode Ternak Sisa total
db 4 4 4 12 24
JK KT F 0.0002533 0.000063 2.957191 0.00069 0.0000175 0.815395 0.000049 0.0000124 0.579712 0.000257 0.0000214 0.0006299
F,05 3.26
F,01 5.41
