DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................ i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ ii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN............................................................................ iii MOTTO .............................................................................................................. iv PERSEMBAHAN................................................................................................ v PRAKATA .......................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR GAMBAR.......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xiv DAFTAR RUMUS ............................................................................................ xv INTISARI ....................................................................................................... xvi ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... xvii BAB I : PENDAHULUAN..................................................................................1 A. Latar Belakang ....................................................................................1 B. Maksud dan Tujuan .............................................................................1 C. Identifiksi Masalah .............................................................................2 D. Pembatasan Masalah ...........................................................................2 E. Rumusan Masalah ..............................................................................2 F. Metode Penulisan ................................................................................3 G. Sistematika Penulisan..........................................................................3 BAB II : DASAR TEORI ..................................................................................5
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A. Gardu Induk .......................................................................................5 1. Pengertian Gardu induk ...............................................................5 2. Fungsi Gardu induk .....................................................................5 3. Klasifikasi Gardu Induk Berdasarkan Prinsip Kerja ...................7 4. Klasifikasi Gardu Induk berdaksarkan sistem rel Busbar ............8 B. Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) .......................................................10 1.
Karakteristik Gas SF6 ..................................................................11
2.
Komponen dan Fungsi ................................................................17
C. Transformator Tegangan ....................................................................28 D. Aliran Daya 3 phasa ...........................................................................31 E. SUTT dan SUTET..............................................................................33 1. Pengertian.....................................................................................33 2. Komponen dan Fungsi ................................................................34 F. Serandangan .......................................................................................35 G. Hukum Kirchoff .................................................................................36 H. Penggunaan DIgSILENT ..................................................................38 BAB III : REKONFIGURASI SISTEM PADA GIS WARU ........................43 A. Kondisi Eksisting GIS Waru ................................................................... 43 B. Single Line Diagram Gis Waru ............................................................. 45 C. Permasalahan pada GIS Waru ................................................................ 48 D. Failure Mode Effect Analsis (FMEA) ...............................................53 BAB IV : PENGUJIAN DAN ANALISA HASIL ...........................................58 A. Pengujian Fungsional ........................................................................58 ix
1.
Pengujian Fungsional .................................................................58
2.
Hasil Uji Tahanan Isolasi PMT bay Rungkut 1 .........................63
3.
Hasil Uji Tahanan Kontak PMT bay Rungkut 1 ........................64
4.
Hasil Uji Keserempakan PMT bay Rungkut 1 ...........................65
5.
Rekaman DFR GIS Waru pada saat PMT bay rungkut 1 ..........67
B. Operasi Konfigurasi GIS Waru .........................................................68
1.
Operasi Normal GIS Waru .........................................................68
2. Operasi Dalam Keadaan Gangguan ............................................71 C. Aliran Daya GIS Waru ......................................................................78 BAB V : PENUTUP ...........................................................................................81 A. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................81 B. Saran ..................................................................................................82
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................83 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................84
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Gardu Induk Konvensional ...................................................................... 7 Gambar 2.2 Gas Insulated Swicthgear (GIS) .............................................................. 8 Gambar 2.3 Single line diagram gardu induk cincin atau ring .................................... 8 Gambar 2.4 Single line diagram gardu induk single busbar ........................................ 9 Gambar 2.5 Single line diagram gardu induk double busbar ...................................... 9 Gambar 2.6 Single line diagram gardu induk satu setengah busbar ............................ 10 Gambar 2.7 Kemampuan gas sf6 dalam memadamkan busur api ................................ 12 Gambar 2.8 Susunan pengujian 2 elektroda tegangan tembus .................................... 12 Gambar 2.9 Grafik perbedaan tegangan tembus berdasarkan jarak antar elektroda ...................................................................................................... 13 Gambar 2.10 Karakteristik dielektrik SF6 dalam medan listrik tidak Homogen ....................................................................................................................... 14 Gambar 2.11 Titik kritis cair ke gas untuk SF6 100psg = 6.894757 ........................... 15 Gambar 2.12 Batas dew poin untk berbagai temperatur kerja pada tekanan SF6 5,5 bar ........................................................................................................ 15 Gambar 2.13 Kompartemen Busbar (model busbar 1 enclosure – 1 phase) ............... 18 Gambar 2.14 Keadaan posisi PMT .............................................................................. 18 Gambar 2.15 PMT ....................................................................................................... 19 Gambar 2.16 Kompartemen pemisah (model busbar 1 enclosure – 1 phase) ............. 19 Gambar 2.17 CT (model busbar 1 enclosure – 1 phase) ............................................. 20 Gambar 2.18 Kompartemen Trafo tegangan (model busbar 1 enclosure – 1 phase) ........................................................................... 20 Gambar 2.19 Kompartmen LA (model busbar 1 enclosure – 1 phase) ........................ 21 Gambar 2.20 Terminasi pada sealing end cable (model busbar 1 enclosure phase) ................................................................................. 22 Gambar 2.21 Relay arus lebih ..................................................................................... 22 Gambar 2.22 Wiring system mekanik penggerak CB ................................................. 23 Gambar 2.23 Density Monitor dan Density Switch SF6......................................................................24 Gambar 2.24 Indikasi SF6 low press ........................................................................... 24
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Gambar 2.25 Absorbent kompartemen GIS ............................................................... 25 Gambar 2.26 Kompartemen (Gas Section) pada GIS................................................... 25 Gambar 2.27 Sistem Pneumatic pada GIS .................................................................. 26 Gambar 2.28 Penggerak hydraulic ............................................................................. 26 Gambar 2.29 Penggerak spring .................................................................................... 27 Gambar 2.30 Kondisi rod/ tuas penggerak mekanik PMS .......................................... 27 Gambar 2.31 Arus bolak balik mengelillingi inti besi ................................................ 28 Gambar 2.32 Prinsip kerja transformator .................................................................... 28 Gambar 2.33 Belitan trafo ........................................................................................... 29 Gambar 2.34 OLTC pada transformator ..................................................................... 30 Gambar 2.35 Sistem 3 fase .......................................................................................... 32 Gambar 2.36 Srandangan ............................................................................................ 36 Gambar 2.37 Arus-arus pada titik cabang ................................................................... 36 Gambar 2.38 Voltage drop dan voltage rise ................................................................ 38 Gambar 2.39 Icon shortcut program DIgSILENT 14.0.25 .......................................... 39 Gambar 2.40 Memulai membuat project baru ............................................................. 39 Gambar 2.41 menggambar pada lembar kerja.............................................................. 39 Gambar 2.42 Icon gambar ........................................................................................... 40 Gambar 2.43 Single line diagram GIS Waru................................................................ 45 Gambar 2.44 Manuver pindah bus .............................................................................. 41 Gambar 3.2 Single line diagram 70 kV ....................................................................... 47 Gambar 3.3 Kompartemen GIS Waru arah GI Rungkut ............................................. 48 Gambar 3.4 Pendeteksi density rembes ....................................................................... 49 Gambar 3.5 Penggantian seal ...................................................................................... 49 Gambar 3.6 Kompartemen busbar ............................................................................... 51 Gambar 3.7 PMT GIS Waru ........................................................................................ 52 Gambar 3.8 PMS GIS Waru ........................................................................................ 53 Gambar 4.1 Rekaman DFR GIS Waru PMT bay rungkut 1 ........................................ 67 Gambar 4.2 Konfigurasi sistem sebelum gangguan .................................................... 69 Gambar 4.3 Layout GIS Waru sebelum konfigurasi ................................................... 70 Gambar 4.4 Konfigurasi sistem setelah gangguan ...................................................... 73
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Gambar 4.5 Briefing pembongkaran serandang gantry ............................................... 74 Gambar 4.6 Pembongkaran serandang gantry ............................................................. 74 Gambar 4.7 Pemasangan serandang gantry ................................................................. 74 Gambar 4.8 Penarikan aux bus 150 kV ....................................................................... 75 Gambar 4.9 Pemasangan aux bus ................................................................................ 75 Gambar 4.10 pengerjaan aux bus stop ......................................................................... 75 Gambar 4.11 Jumper aux bus T/L Rungkut 1 ............................................................. 76 Gambar 4. 12 Jumper aux bus 150 kV T/L Karangpilang ........................................... 76 Gambar 4.13 Layout GIS Waru setelah konfigurasi .................................................... 77 Gambar 4.14 Logic sf6 low PMS bus A ...................................................................... 78 Gambar 4.15 Aliran daya GIS Waru ........................................................................... 79 Gambar 4.16 Aliran GIS Waru pada saat beban maksimum ....................................... 79 Gambar 4.17 Penghantar darmogrande 1, 2 jumper buduran 1, 2 (XLPE) ................. 80 Gambar 4.18 Operasi 1 busbar, T/L Darmogrand jumper Buduran ............................ 81
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Kualitas spesifikasi SF6 sebagai media isolasi GIS ...................................... 16 Tabel 2.2 Kualitas SF6 sebagai media isolasi ............................................................... 17 Tabel 3.1 Kondisi eksisting .......................................................................................... 43 Tabel 4.1 Uji purity bay rungkut 1 ............................................................................... 58 Tabel 4.2 Uji dew point bay rungkut 1 ......................................................................... 60 Tabel 4.3 Uji decomposition product bay rungkut 1 .................................................... 62 Tabel 4.4 Nilai batas decomposition product sf6 ....................................................................................... 62 Tabel 4.5 Uji tahanan isolasi PMT bay rungkut 1 ........................................................ 63 Tabel 4.6 Uji tahanan kontak PMT bay rungkut 1 ....................................................... 64 Tabel 4.7 Uji keserempakan PMT bay rungkut 1 ........................................................ 65 Tabel 4.8 Uji keserempakan ketiga phasa bay rungkut 1 ............................................. 66 Tabel 4.9 Kondisi normal GIS Waru ............................................................................ 68 Tabel 4.10 Status PMT dan rele saat terjadi gangguan GIS Waru tanggal 5 januari 2015 .................................................................................. 71 Tabel 4.11 Pemadaman beban akibat gangguan ........................................................... 72
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DAFTAR RUMUS
Rumus 2.1 karakteristrik gas SF6
.......................................................................................................................... 11
Rumus 2.2 perhitungan dielektrik gas SF6 ......................................................................................................11 Rumus 2.3 Daya kompleks pada gardu induk ............................................................... 31 Rumus 2.4 Daya aktif pada gardu induk ....................................................................... 31 Rumus 2.5 Daya reaktif pada gardu induk .................................................................... 31
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