DAFTAR ISI. HALAMAN JUDUL. i. HALAMAN LEMBAR PERSOALAN... ii. HALAMAN LEMBAR PENGESAHAN... iii. HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN. iv. HALAMAN MOTTO

DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ……………………………………………………………. i HALAMAN LEMBAR PERSOALAN ……………..…………………...……. ii HALAMAN LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .…...……….………………………. iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ………………………………….…………… iv HALAMAN MOTTO ……………………………………………….…………. v KATA PENGANTAR …………………………………………………………. vi ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………… viii DAFTAR ISI …………………………………………………………………… ix DAFTAR NAMA SIMBOL ……………………………………….…….…… xii DAFTAR GAMBAR …………………………………………….…………... xv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ………………………………………………………. xix

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................... 1 1.2 Tujuan ......................................................................................... 1 1.3 Batasan Masalah .......................................................................... 2 1.4 Metode Pengumpulan Data .......................................................... 2 1.5 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................. 3

BAB II DASAR TEORI ............................................................................. 5 2.1 Prinsip-prinsip Dasar ................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Arus Listrik ......................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Hambatan Listrik ................................................................. 6 2.1.3 Potensial Listrik .................................................................. 8

2.1.4 Daya Listrik ........................................................................ 8 2.1.5 Arus Dalam Rangkaian ........................................................ 9 2.2 Komponen Elektronika .............................................................. 11 2.2.1 Resistor (hambatan) ........................................................... 11 2.2.2 Resistor Dalam Rangkaian ................................................ 12 2.2.3 Saklar ................................................................................ 13 2.2.4 Sekering ............................................................................ 16 2.2.5 Relay ................................................................................. 17 2.2.6 Kumparan (coil) ................................................................ 19 2.2.7 Lampu ............................................................................... 19 2.3 Semi Konduktor .......................................................................... 21 2.3.1 Dioda Zener ...................................................................... 22 2.3.2 Dioda ................................................................................ 23 2.3.3 Kondensator/Kapasitor ...................................................... 24 2.3.4 Transistor .......................................................................... 26

BAB III INSTRUMENT KELISTRIKAN DAN PENERANGAN ......... 28 3.1 Sistem Penerangan ...................................................................... 28 3.1.1 Lampu Kepala/Besar (Head Light) .................................... 28 3.1.2 Lampu Belakang dan Rem (Tail light and Brake light) ...... 30 3.1.3 Sistem Lampu Sein/Tanda Belok ( Turn Signals System) ... 32 3.2 Klakson (Horn) ........................................................................... 37 3.3 Sistem Instrumentasi dan Tanda Peringatan ................................. 39 3.4 Generator .................................................................................... 44 3.5 Baterai ........................................................................................ 46

BAB IV PEMBUATAN DAN PENGUJIAN TRAINING KIT ................ 48 4.1 Tujuan Pembuatan ...................................................................... 48 4.2 Desain Papan Panel ..................................................................... 48 4.3 Desain Rangka ............................................................................ 48

4.4 Alat dan Bahan yang Digunakan ................................................. 49 4.5 Perencanaan Pengerjaan .............................................................. 49 4.5.1 Alat dan Bahan ................................................................... 50 4.6 Pembuatan Training Kit .............................................................. 52 4.6.1 Penerapan Desain Papan Panel Pada Papan Akrilik ............ 52 4.6.2 Pembuatan Rangka ............................................................. 54 4.6.3 Pemasangan Part dan Kabel Pada Papan Akrilik ............... 58 4.7 Pengujian Training Kit ................................................................ 63 4.7.1 Merangkai Lampu Kepala ................................................... 63 4.7.2 Merangkai Lampu Sein ...................................................... 65 4.7.3 Merangkai Lampu Rem ...................................................... 66 4.7.4 Merangkai Klakson ............................................................ 67 4.7.5 Merangkai Indikator Bensin ............................................... 68 4.8 Pemeriksaan Sistem Kelistrikan .................................................. 71 BAB V PENUTUP .................................................................................... 75 5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 75 5.2 Saran ........................................................................................... 75 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................... 76

DAFTAR SIMBOL

I

: Kuat arus

dq

: Derevatif muatan listrik

dt

: Derevatif waktu dalam detik

t

: Waktu dalam detik

A

: Luas penampang

L

: Panjang kawat

N

: Jumlah elektron

E

: Medan listrik

V

: Kecepatan elektron

J

: Besar arus listrik dalam satuan luas 2

m

: Satuan luas/meter persegi

LA

: Volume kawat penghantar

n

: Konsentrasi elektron dalam ruang penghantar

m-3

: Satuan konsentrasi elektron dalam ruang penghantar

R

: Hambatan listrik

Ω

: Ohm/satuan hambatan listrik

ρ

: Nilai hambat jenis suatu bahan

Ω .m : Satuan hambat jenis R0

: Hambatan dalam keadaan temperatur tertentu

T

: Temperatur

T0

: Keadaan temperatur tertentu

α

: Koefesien temperatur hambatan dari suatu bahan -1

K

: Kelvin pangkat minus satu, satuan koefesien temperatur hambatan

C-1

: Celcius pangkat minus satu, satuan koefesien temperatur hambatan

Vb

: Tegangan pada titik B

VA

: Tegangan pada titik A

V

: Tegangan/beda potensial

J/C

: Joule per coloumb, satuan lain dari tegangan

W

: Usaha

P

: Daya listrik

Σi

: Jumlah arus

ΣiR

: Jumlah dari seluruh perkalian arus dengan hambatan

Σε

: Jumlah aljabar gaya gerak listrik

ε

: Gaya gerak listrik

Dim

: Lampu jauh yang dihidupkan dengan saklar push button

Lo

: Lower

Hi

: Higher

mm

: Milimeter

M6

: Diameter 6 milimeter

M8

: Diameter 8 milimeter

M10

: Diameter 10 milimeter

BAT : Battery IG

: Ignition

ON

: Hidup

OFF

: Mati

DAFTAR NAMA WARNA KABEL B

: Black

Lg

: Light Green

Y

: Yellow

Gr

: Grey

B/W

: Black/White

Y/B

: Yellow/Black

O

: Orange

B/O

: Black/Orange

W/B

: White/Black

Y/G

: Yellow/Green

B/Y

: Black/Yellow

W

: White

Bl

: Blue

Y/W

: Yellow/White

W/Bl : White/Blue B/R

: Black/Red

B/Br

: Black/Brown

Bl/Y

: Blue/Yellow

O/Y

: Orange/Yellow

W/R

: White/Red

R

: Red

R/W

: Red/White

G/R

: Green/Red

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Penghantar untuk menentukan kepadatan arus .................................... 5 Gambar 2.2 Ilustrasi hambatan listrik .................................................................... 6 Gambar 2.3 Rangkaian dengan 3 loop ................................................................... 9 Gambar 2.4 Rangkaian 3 loop dua sumber tegangan ............................................ 10 Gambar 2.5 Berbagai macam bentuk resistor ...................................................... 11 Gambar 2.6 Beberapa resistor dalam rangkaian seri ............................................ 12 Gambar 2.7 Beberapa resistor dalam rangkaian paralel ....................................... 13 Gambar 2.8 Simbol saklar push button ................................................................ 14 Gambar 2.9 Saklar lampu kepala ......................................................................... 15 Gambar 2.10 Saklar lampu dimmer ..................................................................... 15 Gambar 2.11Saklar lampu sein ............................................................................ 16 Gambar 2.12 Sekering ......................................................................................... 16 Gambar 2.13 Relay motor starter. ......................................................................... 17 Gambar 2.14 Empat jenis relay ........................................................................... 18 Gambar 2.15 Sambungan dengan saklar biasa (kiri) dan dengan relay (kanan) .... 18 Gambar 2.16 Hubungan antara daya, hambatan, tegangan dan arus listrik ........... 19 Gambar 2.17 Lampu sein, kepala, belakang dan speedometer .............................. 20 Gambar 2.18 Chip, LED dan transistor ................................................................ 21 Gambar 2.19 Rangkaian pengatur tegangan menggunakan dioda zener ............... 23 Gambar 2.20 Dioda dan simbol ........................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.21 Kontruksi sebuah kapasitor ............................................................ 24

Gambar 2.22 Kapasitor tetap di bawah 0,5 μF beserta simbolnya ........................ 25 Gambar 2.23 Kapasitor tetap elektrolit di atas 1 μF beserta simbolnya ................ 25 Gambar 2.24 Kapasitor variable beserta simbolnya ............................................ 26 Gambar 2.25 Transistor ....................................................................................... 27 Gambar 3.1 Konstruksi lampu depan ................................................................... 28 Gambar 3.2 konstruksi bola lampu tungsten ........................................................ 30 Gambar 3.3 Konstruksi lampu belakang .............................................................. 31 Gambar 3.4 Lampu sein depan ............................................................................ 32 Gambar 3.5 Sistem tanda belok dengan flasher tipe kapasitor .............................. 33 Gambar 3.6 Kumparan L1 menjadi magnet ......................................................... 34 Gambar 3.7 L2 menjadi magnet untuk menahan kontak point tetap terbuka ......... 34 Gambar 3.8 Sistem tanda belok dengan flasher tipe bimetal ................................ 35 Gambar 3.9 Cara kerja rangkaian sistem tanda belok tipe bimetal ....................... 36 Gambar 3.10 Sistem tanda belok dengan flasher tipe transistor ........................... 37 Gambar 3.11 Klakson ......................................................................................... 38 Gambar 3.12 Cara kerja klakson ......................................................................... 36 Gambar 3.13 Speedometer Suzuki Nex ............................................................... 40 Gambar 3.14 Sistem lampu rem .......................................................................... 41 Gambar 3.15 Saklar lampu rem tipe plunger ....................................................... 42 Gambar 3.16 Rangkain indikator bensin .............................................................. 43 Gambar 3.17 Generator AC ................................................................................. 44 Gambar 3.18 Generator DC ................................................................................. 45 Gambar 3.19 Perubahan gaya gerak listrik dan reaktifikasi .................................. 45

Gambar 3.20 Cara kerja aki ................................................................................. 46 Gambar 4.1 Desain rangka .................................................................................. 49 Gambar 4.2 Papan akrilik setelah dilaser ............................................................. 52 Gambar 4.3 Akrilik setelah diprinting ................................................................. 53 Gambar 4.4 Pengecatan akrilik dengan cat pilox silver ........................................ 53 Gambar 4.5 Besi kotak dan alumunium ............................................................... 54 Gambar 4.6 Proses pemotongan besi ................................................................... 55 Gambar 4.7 Proses pengelasan besi ..................................................................... 55 Gambar 4.8 Proses penggerindaan ....................................................................... 56 Gambar 4.9 Proses pendempulan ......................................................................... 56 Gambar 4.10 Proses pengamplasan ..................................................................... 57 Gambar 4.11 Proses pengecatan .......................................................................... 57 Gamabr 4.12 Proses penyolderan ........................................................................ 58 Gambar 4.13 Lampu Kepala ................................................................................ 58 Gambar 4.14 Lampu belakang ............................................................................. 59 Gambar 4.15 Lampu sein .................................................................................... 59 Gambar 4.16 Klakson ......................................................................................... 60 Gambar 4.17 Indikator bensin ............................................................................. 60 Gambar 4.18 Flasher .......................................................................................... 60 Gambar 4.19 Fuse ............................................................................................... 61 Gambar 4.20 Speedometer .................................................................................. 61 Gambar 4.21 Saklar ............................................................................................ 62 Gambar 4.22 Wiring harness lampu kepala ......................................................... 64

Gambar 4.23 Wiring harness lampu sein ............................................................. 66 Gambar 4.24 Wiring harness lampu belakang ..................................................... 67 Gambar 4.25 Wiring harness klakson .................................................................. 68 Gambar 4.26 Wiring harness indikator bensin ..................................................... 69 Gambar 4.27 Training Kit Suzuki Nex ................................................................ 70 Gambar 4.28 Sekering atau fuse .......................................................................... 71 Gambar 4.29 Multimeter Analog ......................................................................... 72

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN 1. Banana Plug ............................................................................... 77 2. Kabel .......................................................................................... 77 3. Skun ............................................................................................ 77 4. Baut dan Mur M6 dan M8 ........................................................... 77 5. CDI ............................................................................................ 77 6. Regulator .................................................................................... 77 7. Fuse ............................................................................................ 77 8. Motor Penggerak ......................................................................... 77 9. Push Button ................................................................................. 78 10. Tang, obeng, gergasji besi, pisau ................................................. 78 11. Klakson ...................................................................................... 78 12. Fuel gauge .................................................................................. 78 13. Jepitan Aki .................................................................................. 78 14. Magnet ........................................................................................ 78 15. Akumulator ................................................................................. 78 16. Tang Potong Kabel ...................................................................... 78 17. Flasher ....................................................................................... 79 18. Besi Kotak .................................................................................. 79 19. Kunci Kontak .............................................................................. 79 20. Alumunium ................................................................................. 79 21. Desain Papan Panel ..................................................................... 80 22. Wiring Harness Suzuki Nex ........................................................ 83 23. Simbol-simbol Komponen Kelistrikan ........................................ 84 24. Desain Rangka ............................................................................ 86