x
DAFTAR ISI JUDUL .....................................................................................................i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ......................................... ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ................................................. iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN .............................................................iv MOTTO ..................................................................................................vi KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................... vii ABSTRAK .............................................................................................ix DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................ xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................... 1 1.1.
Latar Belakang ............................................................................ 1
1.2.
Rumusan Masalah....................................................................... 2
1.3.
Batasan Masalah ......................................................................... 2
1.4.
Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................ 3
1.5.
Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................... 3
1.6.
Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................. 3
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ............................................................... 4 2.1.
Perhiasan ..................................................................................... 4
2.1.1. Proses Pengerjaan Secara Mekanik .......................................... 4
xi 2.1.2. Proses Pengerjaan Dengan Pengecoran .................................... 5 2.2.
Lost Wax Casting ....................................................................... 5
2.2.1. Pembuatan Master Utama ........................................................ 6 2.2.2. Pembuatan Cetakan Karet ........................................................ 6 2.2.3. Pembuatan Pola Lilin................................................................ 7 2.2.4. Pembuatan Cetakan Gypsum .................................................... 7 2.2.5. Pengovenan Cetakan Gypsum .................................................. 8 2.3.
Wax ............................................................................................. 9
2.3.1. Klasifikasi, Sifat Dan Penggunaan Wax : ................................. 9 2.3.2. Sifat Fisis Wax ........................................................................ 11 2.4.
Mesin Injection Molding .......................................................... 12
2.4.1. Injection Wax Machine ( Mesin Injeksi Lilin )....................... 13 2.4.2. Keuntungan dan kerugian proses injection wax ..................... 14 2.4.3. Proses Injeksi .......................................................................... 15 2.5.
Master Utama………………………………………………….17
2.6.
Cetakan Karet ( rubber mold )...................................................17
2.6.1. Karet Kompon........................................................................18 2.6.2. Karet Castaldo ( Silikon )......................................................19 2.6.3. Langkah-Langkah Pembuatan Cetakan.................................20 2.7
Desain........................................................................................22
2.8.
Autodesk Inventor.....................................................................22
2.9.
Motor DC..................................................................................24
2.9.1. Pengertian Motor DC............................................................24
xii 2.9.2. Prinsip Dasar Cara Kerja........................................................25 2.10. Limit Switch.............................................................................. 28 2.10.1 Cara Kerja Limit Switch .......................................................... 28 2.11. Relay.......................................................................................... 29 BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................... 31 3.1.
Menentukan Konsep Desain dan Perancangan Alat ................. 32
3.1.1. Membuat Gambar Desain Dengan Menggunakan Software..32 3.2.
Membuat Part ........................................................................... 33
3.2.1. Pembuatan Part Dengan Bahan Dasar Plat Alumunium........ 34 3.2.2. Pembuatan Part Dengan Bahan Dasar Batang Silver Steel....35 3.2.3. Pembuatan Part Dengan Plat Baja..........................................36 3.2.4. Pemasangan Motor di Dalam Alat......................................... 37 3.2.5. Pemasangan Kontrol di Dalam Alat.......................................38 3.3.
Assembly dan Pengesetan Alat................................................. 38
3.4.
Proses Injeksi ............................................................................ 39
3.4.1. Pemasangan Meja Pencekam Pada Mesin Injector................39 BAB IV PEMBAHASAN ................................................................... 42 4.1.
Observasi .................................................................................. 42
4.2.
Desain Dengan Software Autodesk Inventor2008 ................... 43
4.3.
Pembuatan Part ........................................................................ 47
4.4.
Assembly .................................................................................. 51
4.5.
Pemasangan Motor DC dan Mekanisme Ulir ........................... 55
4.6.
Pemasangan Limit Switch ........................................................ 55
xiii 4.7.
Pemasangan Meja Pencekam ke Injector ................................. 56
4.8.
Proses Injeksi ............................................................................ 57
4.9.
Hasil dan Pembahasan .............................................................. 64
4.9.1. Hasil Percobaan ...................................................................... 65 4.9.2. Perbandingan Hasil Injeksi Dengan Tangan dan Alat ............ 67 4.9.3. Pembahasan ............................................................................ 68 BAB V PENUTUP.............................................................................. 70 5.1.
Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 70
5.2.
Saran ......................................................................................... 71
DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................ 72 LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................... 73
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4-1. Hasil dan Pembahasan .......................................................................... 65
xv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2-1. Hasil pembuatan perhiasan dengan cara mekanik .............................. 4 Gambar 2-2. Hasil pembuatan perhiasan dengan cara pengecoran ......................... 5 Gambar 2-3. Mesin vacum ....................................................................................... 8 Gambar 2-4. Mesin oven gypsum ............................................................................ 8 Gambar 2-5. Mesin wax injector dan pola lilin ..................................................... 13 Gambar 2-6.Second Master ................................................................................... 14 Gambar 2-7. Ilustrasi Proses Injection Wax........................................................... 14 Gambar 2-8. Pola Lilin .......................................................................................... 15 Gambar 2-9. Karet Kompon . ................................................................................ 18 Gambar 2-10. Karet Castaldo. ............................................................................... 19 Gambar 2-11. Lembaran Karet dan Master di Tengahnya. ................................... 20 Gambar 2-12. Open Vulcanizer ............................................................................. 21 Gambar 2-13. Pembedahan Cetakan Karet. ........................................................... 21 Gambar 2-14. Tampilan Autodesk Inventor 2008. ................................................ 23 Gambar 2-15. Motor DC ........................................................................................ 24 Gambar 2-16. Medan magnet yang membawa arus mengelilingi konduktor ........ 25 Gambar 2-17. Medan magnet yang membawa arus mengelilinginkonduktor ...... 25 Gambar 2-18. Medan magnet mengelilingi konduktor dan diantara kutub ........... 26 Gambar 2-19. Reaktansi garis fluks ....................................................................... 26 Gambar 2-20. Prinsip kerja motor DC ................................................................... 28 Gambar 2-21. Limit Switch ................................................................................... 29
xvi Gambar 2-22. Relay ............................................................................................... 30 Gambar 3-1. Desain dengan software inventor 2008............................................. 32 Gambar 3-1A. Empat View Gambar Desain ......................................................... 33 Gambar 3-2. Plat alumunium bagian atas .............................................................. 34 Gambar 3-3. Plat alumunium bagian tengah.......................................................... 35 Gambar 3-4. Plat alumunium bagian bawah .......................................................... 35 Gambar 3-5. Batang silver steel dengan ulir .......................................................... 36 Gambar 3-6. Baja dudukan meja pencekam dengan bearing ................................ 37 Gambar 3-7. Motor DC .......................................................................................... 37 Gambar 3-8. Meja pecekam setelah di assembly ................................................... 38 Gambar 3-9. Wax ................................................................................................... 39 Gambar 3-10a&b. Meja pecekam setelah dipasang di injector ............................. 40 Gambar 3-11. Catu daya/adaptor 24 volt ............................................................... 41 Gambar 4-1. Mesin injection wax dengan meja pencekam otomatis ................... 42 Gambar 4-2. Desain plat alumunium bagian atas .................................................. 43 Gambar 4-3. Desain plat alumunium bagian tengah .............................................. 44 Gambar 4-4. Desain plat alumunium bagian bawah ............................................. 44 Gambar 4-5.Desain batang silver steel dengan ulir .............................................. 44 Gambar 4-6. Desain plat baja dengan bearing ....................................................... 45 Gambar 4-7. Desain plat baja bagian dasar ........................................................... 45 Gambar 4-8. Desain assembly plat baja ................................................................. 46 Gambar 4-9. Desain dudukan motor DC ............................................................... 46 Gambar 4-10. Gambar susunan meja pencekam.................................................... 47
xvii Gambar 4-11. Plat alumunium bagian atas ............................................................ 48 Gambat 4-12. Plat alumunium bagian tengah ........................................................ 49 Gambar 4-13. Plat alumunium bagian bawah ........................................................ 49 Gambar 4-14. Dudukan motor DC......................................................................... 50 Gambar 4-15. Plat baja bagian bawah ................................................................... 50 Gambar 4-16. Batang silver steel ........................................................................... 51 Gambar 4-17. Assembly plat alumunium dengan rangka batang .......................... 52 Gambar 4-18. Assembly plat alumunium .............................................................. 53 Gambar 4-19. Assembly plat baja.......................................................................... 54 Gambar 4-20. Assembly keseluruhan .................................................................... 54 Gambar 4-21.Pemasangan motor dan ulir ............................................................ 55 Gambar 4-22. Pemasangan limit switch ............................................................... 56 Gambar 4-23. Pemasangan meja pencekam ke injector ....................................... 57 Gambar 4-24. Penepatan posisi mulut injector ..................................................... 57 Gambar 4-25. Pengatur wax pot temperatur dan valve temperatur ...................... 58 Gambar 4-26. Pengatur timer ................................................................................ 59 Gambar 4-27. Katup pengatur tekanan ................................................................. 59 Gambar 4-28. Indikator tekanan dalam (MPa) ..................................................... 60 Gambar 4-29. Tombol injeksi ............................................................................... 60 Gambar 4-30. Skema Cara Kerja Alat Pencekam Cetakan Rubber ....................... 62 Gambar 4-31. Skema Cara Kerja Alat Pencekam Cetakan Rubber ....................... 63 Gambar 4-32. Cetakan Rubber Dalam Pengujian .................................................. 64
