DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................... i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ............................................. ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ...................................................... iii HALAMAN MOTTO .................................................................................. iv KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. v DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................ vii DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................ xiv ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 1 1.1
Latar Belakang .......................................................................... 1
1.2
Perumusan Masalah ................................................................. 3
1.3
Pembatasan Masalah ................................................................ 3
1.4
Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................... 3
1.5
Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................... 4
1.6
Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................. 4
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ..................................................................... 6 2.1
Sistem Tenaga Listrik ............................................................... 6
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2.2
Jaringan Distribusi .................................................................... 7
2.3
Daya Listrik .............................................................................. 7 2.3.1 Daya Aktif ....................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Daya Reaktif .................................................................... 8 2.3.3 Daya Semu ...................................................................... 8
2.4
Beban Listrik............................................................................. 9
2.5
Karakteristik Beban .................................................................. 9
2.6
Susut Jaringan ........................................................................... 10 2.6.1 Susut Teknis .................................................................... 10 2.6.2 Susut Non Teknis ............................................................ 11
2.7
Jatuh Tegangan ........................................................................ 12
2.8
Impedansi Saluran .................................................................... 13
2.9
Resistansi Penghantar ............................................................... 13
2.10 Current Transformer................................................................. 14 2.11 Analisis Susut Daya ................................................................. 15 2.12 Efisiensi Transformator ........................................................... 15 2.13 Analisis Aliran Daya ................................................................ 16 2.14 Diagram Satu Garis .................................................................. 19 2.15 Konfigurasi Jaringan ................................................................ 19 2.16 ETAP (Electric Transient Analysis Prgram) .......................... 20 2.17 Metode Peramalan Beban ........................................................ 22 BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN .................................................. 23 3.1
Studi Literatur ........................................................................... 23
3.2
Pengumpulan Data .................................................................... 24
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3.2.1 Data Penyulang................................................................ 24 3.2.2 Data Trafo Daya .............................................................. 24 3.2.3 Data Beban ...................................................................... 25 3.2.4 Data Kebutuhan Beban Wilayah Ungaran ..................... 26 3.3
Model Penelitian Menggunakan ETAP .................................... 27
3.4
Diagram Alir Penelitian ............................................................ 29
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ..................................................... 31 4.1
Pengolahan Data dan Analisa ................................................... 31 4.1.1 Perhitungan beban Trafo Daya dan susut daya kondisi eksisting .............................................................. 31 4.1.2 Perhitungan beban Trafo Daya dan susut daya kondisi rekonfigurasi jaringan ......................................... 36 4.1.3 Perhitungan beban Trafo Daya dan susut daya kondisi uprating Trafo Daya ........................................... 42 4.1.4 Perhitungan Susut Energi ................................................ 48 4.1.5 Perhitungan Peramalan Kebutuhan Beban ..................... 49
4.2
Analisa dan Pembahasan Data .................................................. 52
BAB V PENUTUP ........................................................................................ 54 5.1
Kesimpulan .............................................................................. 54
5.2
Saran ........................................................................................ 55
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 56 LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................. 58
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Skema Sistem Tenaga Listrik ..................................................... 6 Gambar 2.2 Segitiga Daya ............................................................................. 9 Gambar 2.3 Grafik efisiensi transformator ................................................... 16 Gambar 2.4 Single Line Diagram Sistem Tenaga Listrik .............................. 19 Gambar 2.5 Konfigurasi Jaringan Tie Line.................................................... 20 Gambar 3.1 Metodologi Penelitian ............................................................... 23 Gambar 3.2 Grafik Pie Pemakaian Energi Per Golongan Tarif ..................... 26 Gambar 3.3 Grafik Pertumbuhan Pemakaian Beban 2012 – 2014 ............... 27 Gambar 3.4 Diagram Satu Garis Sistem Distribusi Tenaga Listrik Sebagai Objek Penelitian .......................................................... 28 Gambar 3.5 Diagram Alir Penelitian ............................................................. 29 Gambar 4.1 Single Line Diagram Kondisi Eksisting ..................................... 31 Gambar 4.2 Simulasi Etap Analisa Susut Teknis Kondisi Eksisting ............. 35 Gambar 4.3 Single Line Diagram Kondisi Rekonfigurasi Jaringan .............. 37 Gambar 4.4 Simulasi ETAP Analisa Susut Teknis Kondisi Rekonfigurasi Jaringan ............................................................. 41 Gambar 4.5 Single Line Diagram Kondisi Uprating TD2 GI Ungaran ......... 43 Gambar 4.6 Simulasi Etap Analisa Susut Teknis Kondisi Uprating TD 2 GI Ungaran ....................................................... 47 Gambar 4.7 Grafik Persentase Pembebanan Trafo Daya ............................... 49 Gambar 4.8 Grafik Rugi Energi Dalam Setahun ........................................... 49
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Gambar 4.9 Grafik Peramalan Kebutuhan Beban Terhadap Kapasitas Trafo Daya................................................................ 51
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Data Penyulang UGN-3, UGN-5, UGN-8 dan PDP-6 .................. 24 Tabel 3.2 Spesifikasi Trafo Daya 2 dan 3 GI Ungaran, dan Trafo Daya 1 GI Pudak Payung ............................................ 25 Tabel 3.3 Data Beban Pelanggan yang disuplai Feeder UGN-3, UGN-5, UGN-8 dan PDP-6 ........................................................... 25 Tabel 3.4 Data Pemakaian Beban Wilayah Ungaran dalam 3 (tiga) tahun terakhir per golongan tarif ............................................................ 26 Tabel 4.1 Suplai Feeder Kondisi Eksisting .................................................... 32 Tabel 4.2 Beban Per FeederKondisi Eksisting............................................... 32 Tabel 4.3 Persentase Pembebanan Transformator Daya II GI Ungaran Kondisi Eksisting........................................................................... 32 Tabel 4.4 Susut Teknis Kondisi Eksisting ..................................................... 34 Tabel 4.5 Susut Teknis Trafo dan Penghantar Kondisi Eksisting ................. 34 Tabel 4.6 Perbandingan Susut Teknis Hasil Simulasi Etap Dengan Perhitungan Pada Kondisi Eksisting ................................ 36 Tabel 4.7 Suplai Feeder Kondisi Rekonfigurasi Jaringan .............................. 38 Tabel 4.8 Beban Per Feeder Kondisi Rekonfigurasi Jaringan ....................... 38 Tabel 4.9 Persentase Pembebanan Transformator Daya II GI Ungaran Kondisi Rekonfigurasi Jaringan .................................................... 39 Tabel 4.10 Susut Teknis Kondisi Rekonfigurasi Jaringan ............................. 40
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Tabel 4.11 Susut Teknis Trafo dan Penghantar Kondisi Rekonfigurasi Jaringan ......................................................................................... 40 Tabel 4.12 Susut Teknis Hasil Simulasi Etap Kondisi Rekonfigurasi Jaringan ................................................................ 42 Tabel 4.13 Suplai Feeder Kondisi Uprating TD2 GI Ungaran ...................... 44 Tabel 4.14 Beban Per FeederKondisi Uprating TD 2 GI Ungaran ................ 44 Tabel 4.15 Kondisi Pembebanan Transformator Daya II GI Ungaran Kondisi Uprating ......................................................................... 44 Tabel 4.16 Susut Teknis Kondisi Uprating TD 2 GI Ungaran ....................... 46 Tabel 4.17 Susut Teknis Trafo dan Penghantar Kondisi Uprating TD 2 GI Ungaran ........................................................................ 46 Tabel 4.18 Susut Teknis Hasil Simulasi Etap Kondisi Uprating TD 2 GI Ungaran .................................................................................. 48 Tabel 4.19 Perbandingan Susut Energi .......................................................... 48 Tabel 4.20 Perkiraan Kebutuhan Beban TD 2 Ungaran ................................ 51 Tabel 4.21 Persentase Pembebanan TD II GI Ungaran Pada Tahun 2019 .... 52
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Tabel Resistansi dan Induktansi Konduktor (SPLN 64 : 1985) Lampiran 2 Name Plate Transformator Daya II Ungaran Lampiran 3 Name Plate Transformator Daya III Ungaran Lampiran 4 Name Plate Transformator Daya I Pudak Payung Lampiran 5 Data ukur beban PT. Batamtex Ind Lampiran 6 Data Ukur Beban PT. Nissin Biscuit Ind Lampiran 7 Data Ukur Beban PT. Kamaltex I Lampiran 8 Data Ukur Beban PT. Kamaltex II Lampiran 9 Data Ukur Beban PT. Argo Manunggal Lampiran 10 Data Ukur Beban PT. Polyplast Lampiran 11 Laporan Penjualan Tenaga Listrik Total Bulan Januari 2012 s.d 2014 Lampiran 12 Laporan Penjualan Tenaga Listrik Total Bulan Desember 2012 s.d 2014 Lampiran 13 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan Beban Per Pelanggan Lampiran 14 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan Susut Daya Kondisi Eksisting Lampiran 15 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan Susut Daya Kondisi Reknofigurasi Jaringan Lampiran 16 Tabel Hasil Perhitungan Susut Daya Kondisi Uprating Trafo Lampiran 17 Summary Hasil ETAP Kondisi Eksisting Lampiran 18 Summary Hasil ETAP Kondisi Rekonfigurasi Jaringan Lampiran 19 Summary Hasil ETAP Kondisi Uprating Trafo Daya II GI Ungaran
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