DAFTAR ISI Halaman DAFTAR TABEL ..............................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .........................................................................................
v
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................
vii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ...................................................................................
viii
1
2
PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................................
1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Latar Belakang .................................................................................. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................... Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................. Kebaruan ...........................................................................................
1 3 5 7 8
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .............................................................................
9
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3
4
Konsep Budaya Organisasi ............................................................... Kajian Penelitian Sebelumnya ........................................................... Perancangan Kebijakan ..................................................................... Pendekatan Sistem dan Soft System Methodology ............................ Teori Validasi Model .........................................................................
9 19 23 26 35
METODE PENELITIAN ...........................................................................
37
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
Kerangka Pemikiran .......................................................................... Lokasi, Waktu, dan Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ................................. Desain dan Tahapan Penelitian ......................................................... Teknik Pengumpulan Data dan Informasi ......................................... Metode Analisis Data ........................................................................ Analytical Network Process .............................................................. Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing ..................................... Interpretive Structural Modeling ....................................................... Pilihan Validasi Model ......................................................................
37 44 45 48 51 52 59 61 65
ANALISA SITUASIONAL .......................................................................
67
4.1 Profil Implementasi Nilai-nilai KITA-K di Bank Indonesia ............. 4.2 Profil Budaya Organisasi dan Subkultur di Satuan Kerja ................. 4.3 Espouse Values Dibandingkan Kondisi Riil Nilai-nilai yang Berkembang ....................................................................................... 4.4 Profil Program Performance Base Culture ........................................ 4.5 Kinerja Proyek Budaya Kerja pasca Undang-undang No.3/1999 ..... 4.6 Profil Kapabilitas Organisasi BI ........................................................ 4.7 Persepsi Internal Mengenai Kultur, Program Perubahan Kultur dan Kapabilitas Organisasi ....................................................................... 4.8 Formulasi Permasalahan ....................................................................
67 70
i
72 74 77 78 83 90
5
ANALSIS KEBIJAKAN ............................................................................. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
97
Pendekatan Kebijakan ........................................................................ Pemilihan Nilai-nilai .......................................................................... Asumsi Model Kebijakan .................................................................. Struktur Sistem Elemen Pengelolaan Budaya Organisasi .................
97 99 116 118
MODEL KONSEPTUAL KEBIJAKAN ....................................................
143
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
Sistem Pengelolaan Budaya Organisasi ............................................. Model Values-Dimensi ...................................................................... Model Manajemen Kultur Bank Indonesia ........................................ Model Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Kultur .......................................... Model Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Subkultur ..................................... Validasi Model ...................................................................................
143 146 147 151 153 159
SIMPULAN & SARAN ..............................................................................
161
7.1 Simpulan ............................................................................................ 7.2 Saran ..................................................................................................
161 163
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................
165
LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................
173
6
7
ii
DAFTAR TABEL Halaman 1
Berbagai definisi budaya organisasi ............................................................
10
2
Dimensi kultur .............................................................................................
40
3
Tahapan penelitian dan teknik pengumpulan data .......................................
47
4
Variabel kinerja............................................................................................
48
5
Variabel kultur .............................................................................................
49
6
Variabel kapabilitas organisasi ....................................................................
49
7
Variabel proses kerja ...................................................................................
50
8
Perbandingan skala penilaian verbal dan skala numerik .............................
55
9
Perbedaan AHP dan ANP ............................................................................
58
10 Indeks kultur sektor moneter dan sektor SSK .............................................
71
11 Perkembangan aktivitas PBC.......................................................................
76
12 Tipe share mindset di BI..............................................................................
80
13 Persepsi pemangku kepentingan internal tentang kultur dan program perubahan kultur ..........................................................................................
84
14 Tingkat kapabilitas organisasi menurut persepsi internal ............................
86
15 Tingkat penerapan KITA-K menurut persepsi internal ...............................
87
16 Persepsi internal terhadap program perubahan kultur .................................
88
17 Tingkat kesesuaian kapabilitas organisasi dengan persepsi BO ideal .........
89
18 Tingkat motivasi kerja dan lingkungan kerja ..............................................
90
19 Permasalahan program perubahan kultur di setiap tahapan.........................
94
20 Empat peran pemimpin ................................................................................ 103 21 Rekapitulasi Kendall's W coefficient of concordance faktor internal ......... 107 22 Rekapitulasi Kendall's W coefficient of concordance faktor eksternal ....... 108 23 Rekapitulasi Kendall's W coefficient of concordance faktor gabungan ...... 108 24 Klaster misi, visi, dan tugas ......................................................................... 111 25 Klaster kapabilitas organisasi ...................................................................... 112 26 Klaster nilai-nilai ideal yang dicari .............................................................. 113 27 Klaster kepemimpinan ................................................................................. 114 28 Klaster kebutuhan stakeholders eksternal.................................................... 114 29 Klaster kebutuhan internal SDM ................................................................. 115 30 Klaster kebutuhan internal organisasi .......................................................... 115 iii
31 Asumsi kebijakan pengelolaan budaya organisasi BI .................................
117
32 Peran dan keterlibatan pemangku kepentingan dalam manajemen kultur BI untuk meningkatkan kapabilitas organisasi ............................................
iv
155
DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman 1
Kerangka teori 7’S Mckinsey ......................................................................
12
2
Jaringan kultur dari Johnson ........................................................................
13
3
Level pendekatan budaya organisasi dan interaksinya (Schein, 1984) .......
13
4
Lapisan kultur (Scheider, 1990)...................................................................
14
5
Empat tipe kultur berdasarkan paradigma Competing Values .....................
17
6
Hubungan kultur dengan kinerja organisasi ................................................
19
7
Keterkaitan logika (Dubrosky, 2004) ..........................................................
25
8
Model sistem biologi ...................................................................................
28
9
Umpan balik negatif dalam sistem...............................................................
29
10 Pemilihan pendekatan sistem terkait kompleksitas dan partisipan ..............
30
11 Overview pemodelan sistem untuk analisa kebijakan (Richardson & Pugh 1983) ...................................................................................................
32
12 Proses Soft System Methodology (Checkland 1999) ....................................
35
13 Keterkaitan kultur dalam organisasi ............................................................
38
14 Kerangka pemikiran mekanisme kultur .......................................................
39
15 Kerangka pemikiran perubahan budaya organisasi .....................................
43
16 Tahapan penelitian .......................................................................................
46
17 Perbedaan hierarki dan jaringan ..................................................................
54
18 Diagram teknik ISM (Saxena, 1992) ...........................................................
62
19 Persepsi implementasi KITA-K menurut responden eksternal....................
68
20 Persepsi impelementasi KITA-K Menurut responden internal....................
69
21 Peta OCAI level organisasi dari penjumlahan Satker ..................................
72
22 Hasil survei kesiapan pelaksanaan PBC 2008 .............................................
77
23 Diagram lingkar keterkaitan kultur organisasi.............................................
97
24 Kerangka kerja pengelolaan budaya organisasi yang berkesinambungan ...
98
25 Faktor-faktor terkait pembentukan nilai-nilai .............................................. 100 26 Kerangka pembentukan nilai-nilai pada program ANP ............................... 105 27 Hasil Pairwised Comparisons kerangka ANP ............................................. 106 28 Prioritas keseluruhan.................................................................................... 109 29 Urutan prioritas gabungan responden internal dan eksternal berdasarkan hasil ANP ..................................................................................................... 110 30 Peta asumsi kebijakan pengelolaan budaya organisasi ................................ 118 v
31 Matrik Reachability Stakeholders yang terpengaruh ..................................
120
32 Matriks Driver Power-Dependence subelemen pada elemen stakeholders yang terpengaruh .........................................................................................
121
33 Struktur sistem elemen kelompok stakeholders yang terpengaruh .............
122
34 Matriks Driver Power-Dependence subelemen pada elemen kebutuhan program .......................................................................................................
123
35 Struktur sistem elemen kebutuhan program ................................................
124
36 Matriks Driver Power-Dependence subelemen pada elemen kendala program .......................................................................................................
126
37 Struktur sistem elemen kendala program ....................................................
127
38 Matriks Driver Power-Dependence subelemen pada elemen perubahan yang dimungkinkan .....................................................................................
128
39 Struktur sistem elemen perubahan yang dimungkinkan..............................
129
40 Matriks Driver Power-Dependence subelemen pada elemen tujuan program .......................................................................................................
130
41 Struktur sistem elemen tujuan program.......................................................
131
42 Matriks Driver Power-Dependence subelemen pada elemen tolok ukur pengelolaan ..................................................................................................
132
43 Struktur sistem elemen tolok ukur pengelolaan BO ....................................
134
44 Matriks Driver Power-Dependence subelemen pada elemen aktivitas yang dibutuhkan untuk implementasi perubahan ........................................
135
45 Struktur sistem elemen elemen aktivitas yang dibutuhkan untuk implementasi perubahan ..............................................................................
136
46 Matriks Driver Power-Dependence subelemen pada elemen ukuran aktivitas hasil aktivitas ................................................................................
138
47 Struktur sistem elemen aktivitas penilaian hasil aktivitas ...........................
139
48 Matriks Driver Power-Dependence subelemen pada elemen kelompok yang terlibat pelaksanaan program ..............................................................
140
49 Struktur sistem elemen kelompok yang terlibat program ...........................
142
50 Sistem pengelolaan budaya organisasi ........................................................
144
51 Sistem pengelolaan kultur dalam proses organisasi ....................................
145
52 Model Values-Dimensi ................................................................................
146
53 Model manajemen kultur Bank Indonesia...................................................
150
54 Model kelembagaan pengelolaan kultur Bank Indonesia............................
152
55 Model kelembagaan pengelolaan subultur Bank Indonesia ........................
155
vi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Halaman 1
Gambaran Hasil Audit Kultur Organisasi .................................................... 174
2
Profil Ciri Organisasi Berdasarkan Tipe Kultur .......................................... 175
3
Analisa Pemaknaan yang Seharusnya (Mean Analisis) ............................... 176
4
Analisa Pemaknaan secara Keliru (Does Not Mean Analisis) ..................... 177
5
Proses Utama dalam Organisasi yang Terkait dengan Budaya Korporat .... 178
6 Alternatif-alternatif Hasil Strategic Assumption Surfacing & Testing (SAST) Tahapan Surfacing .......................................................................... 179 7
Pedoman In Depth Interview (IDI) untuk Analisis Situasional ................... 181
8 Daftar Survei, In Depth Interview (IDI) dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) ........................................................................................................... 182 9 Daftar Kelompok Responden Ahli Untuk ANP, SAST, ISM...................... 183 10 Daftar Expert Berdasarkan Metode Penelitian Yang Dilakukan ................. 184 11 Peringkat Elemen Berdasarkan Limiting Faktor Pengolahan ANP ............. 185 12 Hasil Output ISM ......................................................................................... 186 13 Rekapitulasi Implementasi Kultur KITA-K & OCAI 2010 ........................ 196 14 Gambar Hasil Survey Internal Mengenai Implementasi Values ................. 199 15 Tujuh Faktor dalam Global Grading System (GGS) ................................... 200 16 Beberapa Ketentuan/Peraturan dalam Konteks Analisis ............................. 201 17 Masukan Kebijakan dari ISM Faktor Sub Elemen Kunci dan Sektor Independence ............................................................................................... 203 18 Masukan Kebijakan dari ISM Sektor Linkages ........................................... 204 19 Peraturan Dewan Gubernur ......................................................................... 205 20 Hubungan Kelembagaan Bank Indonesia (Lampiran SE 13/16/INTERN tgl 19 MEI 2011).......................................................................................... 215 21 Struktur Organisasi Bank Indonesia (Lampiran SE 13/16/INTERN tgl 19 MEI 2011) .................................................................................................... 216 22 Bagan Pengaturan Organisasi Bank Indonesia (Lampiran SE 13/16/INTERN tgl 19 MEI 2011) ................................................................ 217
vii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN 1. ADG
: Anggota Dewan Gubernur (Bank Indonesia)
2. AHP
: Analytical Hierarchy Process
3. ANP
: Analytical Network Process
4. BI
: Bank Indonesia (BI adalah Bank Sentral Republik Indonesia)
5. BK
: Budaya Korporat
6. BO
: Budaya Organisasi
7. BSBI
: Badan Supervisi Bank Indonesia
8. DG
: Dewan Gubernur (Bank Indonesia)
9. DGs
: Deputi Gubernur Senior
10. DpG
: Deputi Gubernur.
11. DPR
: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
12. DSDM
: Direktorat Sumber Daya Manusia
13. FGD
: Focus Group Discussion
14. GBI
: Gubernur Bank Indonesia
15. HSM
: Hard System Methodology
16. IDI
: In Depth Interview
17. ISM
: Interpretative Structural Modeling
18. KBI
: Kantor Bank Indonesia (Cabang)
19. KITA-K
: Kompetensi-Integritas-Transparansi-AkuntabilitasKebersamaan
20. KP
: Kantor Pusat
21. MKPK-BI
: Model Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Kultur Bank Indonesia
22. MKPS-BI
: Model Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Subkultur Bank Indonesia
23. MMK-BI
: Model Manajemen Kultur Bank Indonesia
24. MPE
: Metode Perbandingan Eksponensial
25. MSDM
: Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia
26. OCAI
: Organization Culture Assessment Instrument
27. PBC
: Performance Base Culture
28. PBI
: Pemimpin Bank Indonesia, Peraturan Bank Indonesia
29. PDG
: Peraturan Dewan Gubernur. Peraturan tertinggi di BI untuk internal.
viii
30. SAST
: Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing
31. Satker
: Satuan Kerja atau Unit Bisnis di Bank Indonesia
32. SDM
: Sumber Daya Manusia
33. SE
: Surat Edaran (Peraturan Intern) di Bank Indonesia
34. SSM
: Soft System Methodology
ix
