Halaman LEMBAR HAK CIPTA ........................................................................................ ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. iii PERNYATAAN.................................................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... v UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .................................................................................. vi ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ viii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ ix DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... xv BAB I
PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ A. LATAR BELAKANG .................................................................... B. RUMUSAN MASALAH ................................................................. C. TUJUAN PENELITIAN .................................................................. D. MANFAAT PENELITIAN .............................................................
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BAB II
KAJIAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................ 10 A. KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS .................................... 10 B. SPATIAL ABILITY ........................................................................... 13 C. PENDEKATAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT 15 D. PEMBELAJARAN EKSPOSITORI ............................................... 19 E. PENELITIAN YANG RELEVAN .................................................. 20 F. HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .............................................................. 22
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 23 A. DESAIN PENELITIAN .................................................................. 23 B. VARIABEL PENELITIAN ............................................................. 24 C. POPULASI DAN SAMPEL ............................................................ 24 D. DEFINISI OPRASIONAL .............................................................. 24 E. INTRUMEN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGANNYA ....... 25 1. Soal Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability ... 25 2. Skala Sikap Siswa ........................................................................ 37 F. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN ............................................................. 37 G. ANALISIS DATA ........................................................................... 38 H. PROSEDUR PENELITIAN ............................................................ 44 I. LANGKAH-LANGKAH ANALISIS DATA ................................... 45 LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015 PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
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BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 47 A. HASIL PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 47 1. Hasil Penelitian Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...................... 48 Halaman 2. Hasil Penelitian Spatial Ability .................................................... 60 3. Asosiasi Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability ... 72 4. Analisis Pendapat Siswa .............................................................. 76 B. PEMBAHASAN .............................................................................. 77
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................ 94 A. KESIMPULAN ............................................................................... 94 B. SARAN ............................................................................................ 95 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 97 LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... 101
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015 PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Halaman 1 Klasifikasi Masalah Menurut Awal dan Tujuannya .................................... 6 2.1 Tahapan Pembelajaran dengan Strategi problem based learning................ 18 3.1 Pedoman Penskoran Tes Kemampuan Koneksi matematis ......................... 26 3.2 Pedoman Penskoran Tes Spatial Ability ...................................................... 27 3.3 Data Hasil Uji Pertimbangan Validasi Muka Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .................................................................................................... 29 3.4 Data Hasil Uji Pertimbangan Validasi Isi Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .................................................................................................... 29 3.5 Data Hasil Ujian Pertimbangan Validitas Muka Tes Spatial Ability........... 30 3.6 Data Hasil Ujian Pertimbangan Validitas Isi Tes Spatial Ability ................ 30 3.7 Kriteria Validitas Butir Soal ........................................................................ 31 3.8 Data Hasil Uji Validitas Butir Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability .............................................................................................. 32 3.9 Kriteria Reliabilitas ...................................................................................... 33 3.10 Data Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Butir Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability .............................................................................................. 33 3.11 Klasifikasi Interpretasi Daya Pembeda ........................................................ 34 3.12 Data Hasil Uji Daya Pembeda Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ....... 34 3.13 Data Hasil Uji Daya Pembeda Soal Kemampuan Spatial Ability................ 35 3.14 Klasifikasi Indeks Kesukaran ...................................................................... 35 3.15 Data Hasil Uji Tingkat Kesukaran Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability........................................................................................ 36 3.16 Kesimpulan Hasil Uji Coba Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability .............................................................................................. 36 3.17 Kriteria Indek Gain ...................................................................................... 42 3.18 Klasifikasi Nilai Koefisien .......................................................................... 42 4.1 Statistik Deskriftif Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .................................. 48 4.2 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas Pretes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ........... 49 4.3 Data Hasil Uji Kesamaan Median Pretes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis 51 4.4 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas postes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ........... 53 4.5 Data Hasil Uji Perbedaan Median Postes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis54 4.6 Data Rata-rata dan Klasifikasi N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ... 56 4.7 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .......... 57 LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015 PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
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4.8
Data Hasil Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .................................................................................................... 59 4.9 Data Hasil Ujian Kesamaan Rata-rata N-gain Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .................................................................................................... 59 4.10 Statistik Deskriftif Spatial ability ................................................................ 60 4.11 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas Pretes spatial ability.......................................... 61 4.12 Data Hasil Ujian Perbedaan Median Pretes spatial ability.......................... 63 4.13 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas postes spatial ability ......................................... 65 4.14 Data Hasil Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor Postes spatial ability................ 66 Tabel Halaman 4.15 Data Hasil Ujian Kesamaan Rata-rata Postes spatial ability ....................... 67 4.16 Data Rata-rata dan Klasifikasi N-gain spatial ability .................................. 68 4.17 Data Hasil Uji Normalitas N-gain spatial ability ........................................ 69 4.18 Data Hasil Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor N-gain spatial ability............... 71 4.19 Data Hasil Uji Perbedaan Rata-rata N-gain spatial ability.......................... 72 4.20 Data Hasil Uji Linearitas Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial ability Kelas Eksperimen ............................................................................. 74 4.21 Data Hasil Uji Korelasi Pearson ................................................................. 75 4.22 Hasil Perhitungan Skala Sikap .................................................................... 76 4.23 Pencapaian Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ............................................. 78 4.24 Pencapaian Spatial Ability ........................................................................... 83
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015 PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar Halaman 4.1 Histogram Pretes Koneksi Matematis ......................................................... 50 4.2 Histogram Postes Koneksi Matematis ......................................................... 53 4.3 Histogram N-Gain Koneksi Matematis ....................................................... 57 4.4 Histogram Pretes Spatial Ability.................................................................. 62 4.5 Histogram Postes Spatial Ability ................................................................. 65 4.6 Histogram N-Gain Spatial Ability ............................................................... 70 4.7 Scatterplot .................................................................................................... 74 4.8 Contoh 1 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .............. 79 4.9 Contoh 2 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...... 79 4.10 Contoh 3 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .............. 80 4.11 Contoh 4 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...... 80 4.12 Contoh 5 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis .............. 81 4.13 Contoh 6 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ...... 81 4.14 Contoh 7 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ...................... 84 4.15 Contoh 8 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .............. 84 4.16 Contoh 9 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ...................... 85 4.17 Contoh 10 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 85 4.18 Contoh 11 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .................... 86 4.19 Contoh 12 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 86 4.20 Contoh 13 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .................... 87 4.21 Contoh 14 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 87 4.22 Contoh 15 Jawaban Terbaik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability .................... 88 4.23 Contoh 16 Jawaban Kurang Baik Tes Kemampuan Spatial Ability ............ 88 4.24 Aktivitas siswa ............................................................................................. 91 4.25 Alat Peraga Pada Pembelajaran ................................................................... 91 4.26 Contoh Karya Siswa .................................................................................... 92 LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015 PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Halaman Lampiran A ........................................................................................................... 101 A.1 Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran ..................................................... 101 A.2 Lembar Kerja Siswa.............................................................................. 114 A.3 Kisi-kisi Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Abiliti ...... 128 A.4 Soal Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial Ability ............ 129 A.5 Pedoman Penskoran Jawaban Siswa pada Tes Kemampuan ................ 132 A.6 Alternatif Jawaban Tes Kemampuan .................................................... 134 A.7 Kisi-kisi Skala Sikap............................................................................. 137 A.8 Skala Sikap Siswa ................................................................................. 138 A.9 Lembar Pertimbangan (Validitas Isi dan Muka)................................... 139 Lampiran B............................................................................................................ 144 B.1 Skor Pertimbangan Para Ahli ................................................................ 144 B.2 Analisis Hasil Pertimbangan Para Ahli ................................................. 145 B.3 Skor Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ........................... 147 B.4 Analisis Hasil Uji Coba Tes Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis ............ 148 B.5 Skor Uji Coba Tes Spatial Ability ......................................................... 152 B.6 Analisis Hasil Uji Coba Tes Spatial Ability .......................................... 153 Lampiran C............................................................................................................ 157 C.1 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Kelas Eksperimen ............................................................... 157 C.2 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Kelas Kontrol ...................................................................... 158 LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015 PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
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C.3 Perhitungan Data dan Uji Statistik Data Pretes Postes dan N-Gain Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis.......................................................... 159 C.4 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Spatial Ability Kelas Eksperimen ........................................................................................... 174 C.5 Data Pretes, Postes dan N-Gain Ternormalisasi Spatial Ability Kelas Kontrol .................................................................................................. 175 C.6 Perhitungan Data dan Uji Statistik Data Pretes Postes dan N-Gain Spatial Ability ....................................................................................... 176 C.7 Asosiasi Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis dan Spatial ability ............. 192 C.8 Data Skala Sikap Siswa ........................................................................ 196 C.9 Data Hasil Perhitungan Skala Sikap Siswa ........................................... 196 Lampiran D ........................................................................................................... 199 D.1 Foto-Foto Aktivitas Siswa Kelas PBL Tipe Project ............................. 199 D.2 Surat Keputusan Direktur Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia-bag........................................................................................ 202 D.3 Surat Permohonan Izin Melakukan Studi Lapangan ............................ 204 D.4 Surat Keterangan Telah Melakukan Penelitian .................................... 205 D.5 Riwayat Hidup ...................................................................................... 206
LUKMAN WIGUNA, 2015 PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KONEKSI MATEMATIS DAN SPATIAL ABILITY SISWA DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TIPE PROJECT DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
