ADLN PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI

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SKRIPSI ANALISIS FAKTOR PERILAKU HETEROSEKSUAL BERISIKO HIV/AIDS DENGAN TAKING ACTION AND ENACTMENT PADA SOPIR TRUK BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN AIDS RISK REDUCTION MODEL (ARRM) DI PELABUHAN TANJUNG PERAK SURABAYA PENELITIAN CORRELATIVE STUDY

Oleh : Nama NIM

: ANDRIAN PUJO PRASTOWO : 131311123061

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN NERS FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA 2015

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ANALISIS FAKTOR PERILAKU

ANDRIAN PUJO PRASTOWO


SKRIPSI ANALISIS FAKTOR PERILAKU HETEROSEKSUAL BERISIKO HIV/AIDS DENGAN TAKING ACTION AND ENACTMENT PADA SOPIR TRUK BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN AIDS RISK REDUCTION MODEL (ARRM) DI PELABUHAN TANJUNG PERAK SURABAYA PENELITIAN CORRELATIVE STUDY Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Keperawatan (S.Kep) Pada Program Studi Pendidikan Ners Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga

Oleh : Nama NIM.

: ANDRIAN PUJO PRASTOWO : 131311123061

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN NERS FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA 2015

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MOTTO

“Permudahkanlah Urusan Orang Lain, Maka Urusanmu Akan Dipermudah”

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UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Assalaamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh, Puji dan syukur saya panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT yang senantiasa memberikan rahmat dan hidayahNya, sehingga skripsi dengan judul “ANALISIS FAKTOR

PERILAKU

HETEROSEKSUAL

BERISIKO

HIV/AIDS

DENGAN TAKING ACTION AND ENACTMENT PADA SOPIR TRUK BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN AIDS RISK REDUCTION MODEL (ARRM) DI PELABUHAN TANJUNG PERAK SURABAYA” dapat terselesaikan. Shalawat serta salam juga saya sampaikan kepada nabi Muhammad SAW beserta keluarga, sahabat dan pengikutnya yang setia. Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Keperawatan (S.Kep) pada Program Studi Pendidikan Ners Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga. Ucapan terima kasih sebesar-besarnya juga saya ucapkan dengan hati yang tulus kepada: 1. Purwaningsih, S.Kp., M.Kes., selaku dekan Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga Surabaya sekaligus ketua dalam penelitian ini yang telah memberikan kesempatan dan fasilitas kepada saya untuk ikut serta dalam penelitian dengan judul “Penurunan Perilaku Berisiko Tertular HIV Pada Kelompok Berisiko: Sopir Angkutan Umum di Wilayah Surabaya”. 2. Eka Mishbahatul M.Has, S.Kep.Ns., M.Kep selaku pembimbing II yang telah menyediakan waktu dan tenaga untuk memberikan pengarahan, bimbingan dan solusi, sehingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan.

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3. Seluruh staf dosen, tata usaha dan perpustakaan Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Airlangga yang telah banyak membantu dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. 4. Seluruh responden yang telah bersedia berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. 5. Ibu dan Bapakku tercinta Sukadji, SP dan Sri Wahyurini yang telah melahirkan dan membesarkan dengan penuh kasih sayang, dukungan dan pelajaran hidup yang berharga, “Tidak cukup kata untuk mengungkapkan betapa beruntungnya saya memiliki orang tua seperti kalian yang selalu mencurahkan kasih sayang dan doanya”. 6. Kakak dan adikku tercinta Brigpol Ariawan Aji Prasetya dan Ariqpurna Bayu Triatmaja yang senantiasa memberikan dukungan doa di setiap perjalanan hidup. 7. Teman-teman alumni PAFF SMADA LATSAR XXII BONDOWOSO “Mank, Togo, Satria, Kekel dan Syarif Kapoer”. Kawan pecinta alam yang dipertemukan di pertengahan tahun 2006 yang senantiasa memberikan dukungan disaat semangat ini mulai pudar. “Boy-Koboyan tager bucok” 8. Kekasih tercinta Intan S Warni yang selama ini tidak henti-hentinya memberikan semangat dan doa didalam perjalanan hidup saya. 9. Teman-teman seangkatan B16 keluarga baruku dari seluruh nusantara yang selalu mengisi hari-hari kebersamaan dengan keceriaan, saling berbagi ilmu tentang segala hal dan memberi dukungan dalam suka maupun duka, “Terima kasih telah memberi banyak pengalaman baru, banyak momen tak terlupakan bersama kalian”.

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Semoga Allah SWT memberikan rahmat dan hidayahNya yang tak terhingga kepada semua pihak yang telah memberi kesempatan, dukungan dan bantuan dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Aamiin. Saya sepenuhnya menyadari bahwa skripsi ini jauh dari sempurna, tetapi saya berharap skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca dan bagi keperawatan.

Wassalaamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh.

Surabaya, 29 Januari 2015

Penulis

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ABSTRACT ANALYSIS FACTORS OF RISKY HETEROSEXUAL BEHAVIOR FOR HIV AND AIDS WITH TAKING ACTION AND ENACTMENT ON TRUCK DRIVERS BASED ON AIDS RISK REDUCTION MODEL (ARRM) APPROACH AT PELABUHAN TANJUNG PERAK SURABAYA CORRELATIVE STUDY RESEARCH By : Andrian Pujo Prastowo Heterosexual risk behavior was a changing behavior of opposite sexual partner who aren’t consitent in the use of condoms. Truck drivers not only included to mobile population because of characteristic of their job, but also included to population groups at risk of HIV AIDS because of their heterosexual behavior. The purpose of this study was analyze factors of Risky Heterosexual Behavior of HIV AIDS factors based on AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) approach at Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya. A correlative study design with cross sectional approach was used in this study. Sampling was performed by convenience sampling technique for 3 days at all reasonable population with total 34 respondent of truck drivers who had risky heterosexual behavior. Independent variables were behavioral factors which include knowledge, motivation, interpersonal skills, age, education level, frequency staying at home and health education expossure. Dependent variable was tacking action and enactment. Instrument The Research Instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analyzed by statistical test, regression binary logistic, with α=0,05. The result of this study showed tacking action and enactment affected by knowledge factor (p=0,041), Interpersonal skills (p=0,030), and frequency staying at home (p=0,022). Motivation factor (p=0,303), age (p=0,533), education level (p=0,521), and counselling (p=0,894) hadn’t effect to tacking action and enactment. Most of respondent showed less taking action and enactment againts HIV and AIDS. Companies in Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak were expected to have routine activity that cooperate with Primary Health Care in Perak Timur to provide health promoting and health education expossure individually to truck drivers about HIV and AIDS with purpose assessment of risk factors, risk reduction, change in behavior, HIV test and improving the quality of life.

Keywords : Heterosexual behavior, taking action and enactment, truck drivers, ARRM.

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DAFTAR ISI Halaman Halaman Judul dan Prasyarat Gelar ......................................................................... i Lembar Pernyataan.................................................................................................. ii Lembar Persetujuan ................................................................................................ iii Ucapan Terima Kasih .............................................................................................. v Abstract ............................................................................................................. viii Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................... ix Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................................... xi Daftar Bagan ........................................................................................................ xiv Daftar Lampiran .................................................................................................. xvii Daftar Singkatan................................................................................................... xiv BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .......................................................................................... 4 1.3 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................. 5 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian .............................................................................................. 5 1.4.1 Tujuan Umum............................................................................................ 5 1.4.2 Tujuan Khusus ........................................................................................... 5 1.5 Manfaat ............................................................................................................. 5 1.5.1 Teoritis....................................................................................................... 5 1.5.2 Praktis ........................................................................................................ 6 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................... 7 2.1 Konsep HIV dan AIDS ..................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Definisi ...................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 Cara penularan HIV................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 Manifestasi klinis HIV dan AIDS ........................................................... 10 2.1.4 Perilaku berisiko HIV dan AIDS............................................................. 12 2.1.5 Jenis tes HIV dan AIDS .......................................................................... 12 2.1.6 Pencegahan .............................................................................................. 13 2.2 Konsep Perilaku .............................................................................................. 13 2.2.1 Pengertian perilaku .................................................................................. 14 2.2.2 Proses adopsi perilaku ............................................................................. 17 2.2.3 Domain perilaku ...................................................................................... 17 2.2.4 Determinan perilaku ................................................................................ 22 2.2.5 Konsep teori perubahan perilaku ............................................................. 24 2.3 Konsep AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) ............................................... 25 2.3.1 Pengertian teori ARRM ........................................................................... 25 2.3.2 Tahapan teori ARRM .............................................................................. 26 2.3.3 Faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku heteroseksual berisiko .................. 28 2.4 Keaslian Penulisan .......................................................................................... 35 BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS ............................. 37 3.1 Kerangka Konseptual ...................................................................................... 37 3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian......................................................................................... 39

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BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN ....................................................................... 40 4.1 Rancangan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 40 4.2 Populasi, Sampel dan Tehnik Pengambilan Sampel ....................................... 40 4.2.1 Populasi ................................................................................................... 40 4.2.2 Sampel ..................................................................................................... 41 4.2.3 Sampling .................................................................................................. 41 4.3 Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional ................................................. 41 4.3.1 Variabel independen ................................................................................ 41 4.3.2 Variabel dependen ................................................................................... 42 4.3.3 Definisi Operasional..................................................................................... 43 4.4 Instrumen penelitian ........................................................................................ 47 4.4.1 Variabel pengetahuan .............................................................................. 47 4.4.2 Variabel motivasi .................................................................................... 47 4.4.3 Variabel keterampilan perilaku ............................................................... 47 4.4.4 Variabel umur .......................................................................................... 48 4.4.5 Variabel pendidikan ................................................................................ 48 4.4.6 Variabel frekuensi pulang ....................................................................... 48 4.4.7 Variabel penyuluhan................................................................................ 48 4.4.8 Variabel taking action and enactment ..................................................... 48 4.5 Lokasi dan waktu penelitian............................................................................ 50 4.6 Prosedur pengumpulan data ............................................................................ 50 4.7 Kerangka Operasional ..................................................................................... 51 4.8 Analisa Data .................................................................................................... 51 4.9 Etika Penelitian ............................................................................................... 53 4.9.1 Lembar persetujuan menjadi responden .................................................. 53 4.7.3 Tanpa nama ............................................................................................. 54 4.7.4 Kerahasiaan ............................................................................................. 54 4.10 Keterbatasan .................................................................................................. 54 BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ..................................... 55 5.1 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................................... 55 5.1.1 Gambaran umum lokasi penelitian .......................................................... 55 5.1.2 Data Umum ............................................................................................. 56 5.1.3 Distribusi data variabel yang diteliti ....................................................... 56 5.1.4 Hubungan faktor perilaku berisiko heteroseksual dengan taking action and enactment ......................................................................................... 61 5.2 Pembahasan ..................................................................................................... 65 BAB 6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................... 74 6.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................... 74 6.2 Saran .............................................................................................................. 76 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 77 Lampiran .............................................................................................................. 79

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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.2 Keaslian Penulisan ................................................................................ 35 Tabel 4.1 Definisi Operasional ............................................................................. 42 Tabel 5.1 Distribusi Karakteristik Data Umum Sopir Truk .................................. 56 Tabel 5.2 Hasil Penilaian Pengetahuan Sopir Truk .............................................. 57 Tabel 5.3 Hasil Penilaian Motivasi Sopir Truk ..................................................... 57 Tabel 5.4 Hasil Penilaian Keterampilan Perilaku Sopir Truk ............................... 58 Tabel 5.5 Hasil Penilaian Umur Sopir Truk.......................................................... 58 Tabel 5.6 Hasil Penilaian Tingkat Pendidikan Sopir Truk ................................... 59 Tabel 5.7 Hasil Penilaian Frekuensi Pulang Sopir Truk ....................................... 59 Tabel 5.8 Hasil Penilaian Penyuluhan Sopir Truk ................................................ 60 Tabel 5.9 Hasil Penilaian Taking Action and Enactment Sopir Truk ................... 60 Tabel 5.10 Tabulasi Silang Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Taking Action and Enactment Sopir Truk ........................................................................... 61 Tabel 5.11 Tabulasi Silang Hubungan Motivasi Dengan Taking Action and Enactment Sopir Truk ........................................................................... 62 Tabel 5.12 Tabulasi Silang Hubungan Keterampilan Perilaku Dengan Taking Action and Enactment Sopir Truk ........................................................ 62 Tabel 5.13 Tabulasi Silang Hubungan Umur Dengan Taking Action and Enactment Sopir Truk ........................................................................... 63 Tabel 5.14 Tabulasi Silang Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Dengan Taking Action and Enactment Sopir Truk.................................................................... 63 Tabel 5.15 Tabulasi Silang Hubungan Frekuensi Pulang Dengan Taking Action and Enactment Sopir Truk.................................................................... 64 Tabel 5.16 Tabulasi Silang Hubungan Penyuluhan Dengan Taking Action and Enactment Sopir Truk ........................................................................... 65

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DAFTAR BAGAN Bagan 1.1 Identifikasi Masalah ............................................................................... 4 Bagan 2.1 Kerangka Konseptual AIDS Risk Reduction Model ............................. 26 Bagan 3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian .......................................................... 31 Bagan 4.1 Kerangka Operasional .......................................................................... 49

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Permohonan Fasilitas Pengambilan Data Penelitian ......................... 79 Lampiran 2 Keterangan Lolos Kaji Etik ............................................................... 80 Lampiran 3 Permohonan Menjadi Responden Penelitian ..................................... 81 Lampiran 4 Lembar Informed Consent ................................................................. 83 Lampiran 5 Lembar Kuesioner Penelitian ............................................................ 84 Lampiran 6 Kuesioner Data Umum dan Khusus .................................................. 85 Lampiran 7 Kuesioner Pengetahuan ..................................................................... 87 Lampiran 8 Kuesioner Motivasi ........................................................................... 88 Lampiran 9 Kuesioner Keterampilan Perilaku ...................................................... 89 Lampiran 10 Kuesioner Taking Action and Enactment ........................................ 90 Lampiran 11 Tabulasi Data ................................................................................... 91 Lampiran 12 Tabulasi Silang Variabel Independen dan Dependen ...................... 83

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DAFTAR SINGKATAN AIDS AKLP ARRM ARV ASI AVA Depkes RI DNA ELISA HIV KPAN LSM MDGs NAPZA ODHA PCR RNA SD SMA SMP UNAIDS WHO

: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome : Luar Provinsi : AIDS Risk Reduction Model : Antiretroviral : Air Susu Ibu : Audio Visual Aids : Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia : Deoksiribonukleat : Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay : Human Immunodeficiency Virus : Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS Nasional : Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat : Millenium : Narkotika Psikotropika dan Zat adiktif : Orang Dengan HIV AIDS : Polymerase Chain Reaction : Ribonukleat : Sekolah Dasar : Sekolah Menengah Atas : Sekolah Menengah Atas : United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS : World Health Organization

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ADLN PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SKRIPSI

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